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  "text": "Page 1 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n THE CONSTITUTION OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF \r\nPAKISTAN \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\nCONTENTS \r\nPART I \r\nINTRODUCTORY \r\n1. The Republic and its territories \r\n2. Islam to be State religion \r\n2A. The Objectives Resolution to form part of substantive provisions \r\n3. Elimination of exploitation \r\n4. Right of individuals to be dealt with in accordance with law, etc. \r\n5. Loyalty to State and obedience to Constitution and law \r\n6. High treason \r\nPART II \r\nFUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND PRINCIPLES OF POLICY \r\n7. Definition of the State \r\nCHAPTER 1.– FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS \r\n8. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of Fundamental Rights to be void \r\n9. Security of person \r\n9A. Clean and healthy environment \r\n10. Safeguards as to arrest and detention \r\n10A. Right to fair trial \r\n11. Slavery, forced labour, etc., prohibited \r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 2 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n12. Protection against retrospective punishment \r\n13. Protection against double punishment and self-incrimination \r\n14. Inviolability of dignity of man, etc. \r\n15. Freedom of movement, etc. \r\n16. Freedom of assembly \r\n17. Freedom of association \r\n18. Freedom of trade, business or profession \r\n19. Freedom of speech, etc. \r\n19A. Right to information \r\n20. Freedom to profess religion and to manage religious institutions \r\n21. Safeguard against taxation for purposes of any particular religion \r\n22. Safeguards as to educational institutions in respect of religion, etc. \r\n23. Provision as to property \r\n24. Protection of property rights \r\n25. Equality of citizens \r\n25A. Right to education \r\n26. Non-discrimination in respect of access to public places \r\n27. Safeguard against discrimination in services \r\n28. Preservation of language, script and culture \r\nCHAPTER 2.– PRINCIPLES OF POLICY \r\n29. Principles of Policy \r\n30. Responsibility with respect to Principles of Policy \r\n31. Islamic way of life \r\n32. Promotion of local Government institutions \r\n33. Parochial and other similar prejudices to be discouraged \r\n34. Full participation of women in national life \r\n35. Protection of family, etc. \r\n \r\n Page 3 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n36. Protection of minorities \r\n37. Promotion of social justice and eradication of social evils \r\n38. Promotion of social and economic well-being of the people \r\n39. Participation of people in Armed Forces \r\n40. Strengthening bonds with Muslim world and promoting international peace \r\nPART III \r\nTHE FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN \r\nCHAPTER 1.__ THE PRESIDENT \r\n41. The President \r\n42. Oath of President \r\n43. Conditions of President’s office \r\n44. Term of office of President \r\n45. President’s power to grant pardon, etc. \r\n46. President to be kept informed \r\n47. Removal or impeachment of President \r\n48. President to act on advice, etc. \r\n49. Chairman or Speaker to act as, or perform functions of, President \r\nCHAPTER 2.– THE MAJLIS-E-SHOORA (PARLIAMENT) \r\nCOMPOSITION, DURATION AND MEETINGS OF MAJLIS-E-SHOORA (PARLIAMENT) \r\n50. Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) \r\n51. National Assembly \r\n52. Duration of National Assembly \r\n53. Speaker and Deputy Speaker of National Assembly \r\n54. Summoning and prorogation of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) \r\n55. Voting in Assembly and quorum \r\n56. Address by President \r\n57. Right to speak in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) \r\n58. Dissolution of the National Assembly \r\n \r\n Page 4 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n59. The Senate \r\n60. Chairman and Deputy Chairman \r\n61. Other provisions relating to Senate \r\nProvisions as to Members of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) \r\n62. Qualifications for membership of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) \r\n63. Disqualifications for membership of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) \r\n63A. Disqualification on grounds of defection, etc. \r\n64. Vacation of seats \r\n65. Oath of members \r\n66. Privileges of members, etc. \r\nProcedure Generally \r\n67. Rules of procedure, etc. \r\n68. Restriction on discussion in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) \r\n69. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) \r\n70. Introduction and passing of Bills \r\n71. [Omitted] \r\n72. Procedure at joint sittings \r\n73. Procedure with respect to Money Bills \r\n74. Federal Government’s consent required for financial measures \r\n75. President’s assent to Bills \r\n76. Bill not to lapse on prorogation, etc. \r\n77. Tax to be levied by law only \r\nFinancial Procedure \r\n78. Federal Consolidated Fund and Public Account \r\n79. Custody, etc., of Federal Consolidated Fund and Public Account \r\n80. Annual Budget Statement \r\n81. Expenditure charged upon Federal Consolidated Fund \r\n \r\n Page 5 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n82. Procedure relating to Annual Budget Statement \r\n83. Authentication of schedule of authorised expenditure \r\n84. Supplementary and excess grants \r\n85. Votes on account \r\n86. Power to authorize expenditure when Assembly stands dissolved \r\n87. Secretariats of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) \r\n88. Finance Committees \r\nOrdinances \r\n89. Power of President to promulgate Ordinances \r\nCHAPTER 3.__ THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT \r\n90. The Federal Government \r\n91. The Cabinet \r\n92. Federal Ministers and Ministers of State \r\n93. Advisers \r\n94. Prime Minister continuing in office \r\n95. Vote of no-confidence against Prime Minister \r\n96. [Omitted] \r\n96A. [Omitted] \r\n97. Extent of executive authority of Federation \r\n98. Conferring of functions on subordinate authorities \r\n99. Conduct of business of Federal Government \r\n100. Attorney-General for Pakistan \r\nPART IV \r\nPROVINCES \r\nCHAPTER 1.__ THE GOVERNORS \r\n101. Appointment of Governor \r\n102. Oath of Office \r\n103. Conditions of Governor’s office \r\n \r\n Page 6 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n104. Speaker Provincial Assembly to act as, or perform functions of Governor in his absence \r\n105. Governor to act on advice, etc. \r\nCHAPTER 2.__ PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLIES \r\n106. Constitution of Provincial Assemblies \r\n107. Duration of Provincial Assembly \r\n108. Speaker and Deputy Speaker \r\n109. Summoning and prorogation of Provincial Assembly \r\n110. Right of Governor to address Provincial Assembly \r\n111. Right to speak in Provincial Assembly \r\n112. Dissolution of Provincial Assembly \r\n113. Qualifications and disqualifications for membership of Provincial Assembly \r\n114. Restriction on discussion in Provincial Assembly \r\n115. Provincial Government’s consent required for financial measures \r\n116. Governor’s assent to Bills \r\n117. Bill not to lapse on prorogation, etc. \r\nFinancial Procedure \r\n118. Provincial Consolidated Fund and Public Account \r\n119. Custody, etc., of Provincial Consolidated Fund and Public Account \r\n120. Annual Budget Statement \r\n121. Expenditure charged upon Provincial Consolidated Fund \r\n122. Procedure relating to Annual Budget Statement \r\n123. Authentication of schedule of authorized expenditure \r\n124. Supplementary and excess grant \r\n125. Votes on account \r\n126. Power to authorize expenditure when Assembly stands dissolved \r\n127. Provisions relating to National Assembly, etc., to apply to Provincial Assembly, etc. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 7 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nOrdinances \r\n128. Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances \r\nCHAPTER 3.__ THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS \r\n129. The Provincial Government \r\n130. The Cabinet \r\n131. Governor to be kept informed \r\n132. Provincial Ministers \r\n133. Chief Minister continuing in office \r\n134. [Omitted] \r\n135. [Omitted] \r\n136. Vote of no-confidence against Chief Minister \r\n137. Extent of executive authority of Province \r\n138. Conferring of functions on subordinate authorities \r\n139. Conduct of business of Provincial Government \r\n140. Advocate General for a Province \r\n140A. Local Government \r\nPART V \r\nRELATIONS BETWEEN FEDERATION AND PROVINCES \r\nCHAPTER 1.__ DISTRIBUTION OF LEGISLATIVE POWERS \r\n141. Extent of Federal and Provincial laws \r\n142. Subject-matter of Federal and Provincial laws \r\n143. Inconsistency between Federal and Provincial law \r\n144. Power of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) to legislate for one or more Provinces by consent \r\nCHAPTER 2.__ ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS BETWEEN FEDERATION AND \r\nPROVINCES \r\n145. Power of President to direct Governor to discharge certain functions as his Agent \r\n146. Power of Federation to confer powers, etc., on Provinces, in certain cases \r\n147. Power of the Provinces to entrust functions to the Federation \r\n \r\n Page 8 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n148. Obligation of Provinces and Federation \r\n149. Directions to Provinces in certain cases \r\n150. Full faith and credit for public acts, etc. \r\n151. Inter-Provincial trade \r\n152. Acquisition of land for Federal purposes \r\nCHAPTER 3.__ SPECIAL PROVISIONS \r\n152A. [Omitted] \r\n153. Council of Common Interests \r\n154. Functions and rules of procedure \r\n155. Complaints as to interference with water supplies \r\n156. National Economic Council \r\n157. Electricity \r\n158. Priority of requirements of natural gas \r\n159. Broadcasting and telecasting \r\nPART VI \r\nFINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS \r\nCHAPTER 1. – FINANCE DISTRIBUTION OF REVENUES BETWEEN THE FEDERATION \r\nAND THE PROVINCES \r\n160. National Finance Commission \r\n161. Natural gas and hydro-electric power \r\n162. Prior sanction of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which Provinces are interested \r\n163. Provincial taxes in respect of professions, etc. \r\nMiscellaneous Financial Provisions \r\n164. Grants out of Consolidated Fund \r\n165. Exemption of certain public property from taxation \r\n165A. Power of Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament) to impose tax on the income of certain corporations, \r\netc. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 9 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nCHAPTER 2.__ BORROWING AND AUDIT \r\n166. Borrowing by Federal Government \r\n167. Borrowing by Provincial Government \r\nAudit and Accounts \r\n168. Auditor-General of Pakistan \r\n169. Functions and powers of Auditor-General \r\n170. Power of Auditor-General to give directions as to accounts \r\n171. Reports of Auditor-General \r\nCHAPTER 3.__ PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, LIABILITIES AND SUITS \r\n172. Ownerless property \r\n173. Power to acquire property and to make contracts, etc \r\n174. Suits and proceedings \r\nPART VII \r\nTHE JUDICATURE \r\nCHAPTER 1.__ THE COURTS \r\n175. Establishment and jurisdiction of courts \r\n175A. Appointment of Judges to the Federal Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, High Courts \r\nand the Federal Shariat Court \r\nCHAPTER 1A.__ THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT \r\n175B. Constitution of Federal Constitutional Court \r\n175C. Appointment of Federal Constitutional Court Judges \r\n175D. Oath of Office of the Chief Justice and other Judges of the Federal Constitutional Court \r\n175E. Original jurisdiction of Federal Constitutional Court \r\n175F. Appellate jurisdiction of the Federal Constitutional Court \r\n175G. Review of judgements or orders by the Federal Constitutional Court \r\n175H. Advisory jurisdiction \r\n175I. Retiring age of the Chief Justice and other Judges of the Federal Constitutional Court \r\n175J. Acting Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court \r\n \r\n Page 10 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n175K. Acting Judges of the Federal Constitutional Court \r\n175L. Seat of the Federal Constitutional Court \r\nCHAPTER 2.__ THE SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN \r\n176. Constitution of Supreme Court \r\n177. Appointment of Supreme Court Judges \r\n178. Oath of Office \r\n179. Retiring age \r\n180. Acting Chief Justice \r\n181. Acting Judges \r\n182. Appointment of ad-hoc Judges \r\n183. Seat of the Supreme Court \r\n184. [Omitted] \r\n185. Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court \r\n186. [Omitted] \r\n186A. [Omitted] \r\n187. Issue and execution of processes of Federal Constitutional Court and Supreme Court \r\n188. Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court \r\n189. Decisions of Federal Constitutional Court and Supreme Court binding on other courts \r\n190. Action in aid of Federal Constitutional Court and Supreme Court \r\n191. Rules of procedure \r\n191A. [Omitted] \r\nCHAPTER 3.__ THE HIGH COURTS \r\n192. Constitution of High Court \r\n193. Appointment of High Court Judges \r\n194. Oath of Office \r\n195. Retiring age \r\n196. Acting Chief Justice \r\n \r\n Page 11 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n197. Additional Judges \r\n198. Seat of the High Court \r\n199. Jurisdiction of High Court \r\n200. Transfer of High Court Judges \r\n201. Decision of High Court binding on subordinate Courts \r\n202. Rules of procedure \r\n202A. Constitutional Benches of High Courts  \r\n203. High Court to superintend subordinate Courts \r\nCHAPTER 3A.– FEDERAL SHARIAT COURT \r\n203A. Provisions of Chapter to override other provisions of Constitution \r\n203B. Definitions \r\n203C. The Federal Shariat Court \r\n203CC.[Omitted] \r\n203D. Powers, jurisdiction and functions of the Court \r\n203DD . Revisional and other jurisdiction of the Court \r\n203E. Powers and procedure of the Court \r\n203F. Appeal to Supreme Court \r\n203G. Bar of jurisdiction \r\n203GG. Decision of Court binding on High Court and courts subordinate to it \r\n203H. Pending proceedings to continue, etc. \r\n203I. [Omitted] \r\n203J. Power to make rules \r\nCHAPTER 4.__ GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE JUDICATURE \r\n204. Contempt of Court \r\n205. Remuneration etc., of Judges \r\n206. Resignation \r\n207. Judge not to hold office of profit, etc. \r\n \r\n Page 12 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n208. Officers and servants of Courts \r\n209. Supreme Judicial Council \r\n210. Power of Council to enforce attendance of persons, etc. \r\n211. Bar of jurisdiction \r\n212. Administrative Courts and Tribunals \r\n212A. [Omitted] \r\n212B.  [Repealed] \r\nPART VIII \r\nELECTIONS \r\nCHAPTER 1.__ CHIEF ELECTION COMMISSIONER AND ELECTION COMMISSION \r\n213. Chief Election Commissioner \r\n214. Oath of Office \r\n215. Term of office of Commissioner [and members] \r\n216. Commissioner and members not to hold office of profit \r\n217. Acting Commissioner \r\n218. Election Commission \r\n219. Duties of Commission \r\n220. Executive authorities to assist Commission, etc. \r\n221. Officers and staff \r\nCHAPTER 2.__ ELECTORAL LAWS AND CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS \r\n222. Electoral laws \r\n223. Bar against double membership \r\n224. Time of Election and bye-election \r\n224A. Resolution by Committee or Election Commission \r\n225. Election dispute \r\n226. Election by secret ballot \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 13 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nPART IX \r\nISLAMIC PROVISIONS \r\n227. Provisions relating to the Holy Quran and Sunnah \r\n228. Composition, etc., of Islamic Council \r\n229. Reference by Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), etc., to Islamic Council \r\n230. Functions of the Islamic Council \r\n231. Rules of procedure \r\nPART X \r\nEMERGENCY PROVISIONS \r\n232. Proclamation of emergency on account of war, internal disturbance, etc. \r\n233. Power to suspend Fundamental Rights, etc., during emergency period \r\n234. Power to issue Proclamation in case of failure of Constitutional machinery in a Province \r\n235. Proclamation in case of financial emergency \r\n236. Revocation of Proclamation, etc. \r\n237. Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may make laws of indemnity, etc. \r\nPART XI \r\nAMENDMENT OF CONSTITUTION \r\n238. Amendment of Constitution \r\n239. Constitution, amendment Bill \r\nPART XII \r\nMISCELLANEOUS \r\nCHAPTER 1.__ SERVICES \r\n240. Appointments to service of Pakistan and conditions of service \r\n241. Existing rules, etc., to continue \r\n242. Public Service Commission \r\nCHAPTER 2.__ ARMED FORCES \r\n243. Command of Armed Forces \r\n244. Oath of Armed Forces \r\n245. Functions of Armed Forces \r\n \r\n Page 14 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nCHAPTER 3.__ TRIBAL AREAS \r\n246. Tribal Areas \r\n247. [Omitted] \r\nCHAPTER 4.__ GENERAL \r\n248. Protection to President, Governor, Minister, etc. \r\n249. Legal proceedings \r\n250. Salaries, allowances, etc., of the President, etc. \r\n251. National language \r\n252. Special provisions in relation to major ports and aerodromes \r\n253. Maximum limits as to property, etc. \r\n254. Failure to comply with requirement as to time does not render an act invalid \r\n255. Oath of office \r\n256. Private armies forbidden \r\n257. Provision relating to the State of Jammu and Kashmir \r\n258. Government of territories outside Provinces \r\n259. Awards \r\n \r\nCHAPTER 5.__ INTERPRETATION \r\n260. Definitions \r\n261. Person acting in office not to be regarded as successor to previous occupant of office, etc. \r\n262. Gregorian calendar to be used \r\n263. Gender and number \r\n264. Effect of repeal of laws \r\nCHAPTER 6.__ TITLE, COMMENCEMENT AND REPEAL \r\n265. Title of Constitution and commencement \r\n266. Repeal \r\nCHAPTER 7.__ TRANSITIONAL \r\n267. Power of President to remove difficulties \r\n \r\n Page 15 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n267A. Power to remove difficulties \r\n267B. Removal of doubt \r\n268. Continuance in force, and adaptation of certain laws \r\n269. Validation of law, acts, etc. \r\n270. Temporary validation of certain laws, etc. \r\n270A. Affirmation of President’s Orders, etc. \r\n270AA. Declaration and continuance of laws etc. \r\n270AAA. [Declared Void ab initio] \r\n270B. Elections to be deemed to be held under Constitution \r\n270BB. General Elections 2008 \r\n270C. [Omitted] \r\n271. First National Assembly \r\n272. First constitution of Senate \r\n273. First Provincial Assembly \r\n274. Vesting of property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations \r\n275. Continuance in office of persons in service of Pakistan, etc. \r\n276. Oath of first President \r\n277. Transitional financial provisions \r\n278. Accounts not audited before commencing day \r\n279. Continuance of taxes \r\n280. Continuance of Proclamation of Emergency \r\nANNEX \r\nSCHEDULES \r\nFIRST SCHEDULE.__ Laws exempted from the operation of Article 8 (1) and (2)  \r\nSECOND SCHEDULE.__ Election of President  \r\nTHIRD SCHEDULE.__ Oaths of Office \r\nFOURTH SCHEDULE.__ Legislative Lists \r\n \r\n Page 16 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n      FIFTH SCHEDULE.__ Remuneration And Terms And Conditions Of Service Of  Judges  \r\nSIXTH SCHEDULE.__ [Omitted] \r\nSEVENTH SCHEDULE.__ [Omitted] \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 17 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nTHE CONSTITUTION OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF \r\nPAKISTAN \r\n[12th April, 1973] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nPREAMBLE \r\nWHEREAS sovereignty over the entire Universe belongs to Almighty Allah alone, and the \r\nauthority to be exercised by the people of Pakistan within the limits prescribed by Him is a sacred \r\ntrust; \r\nAND WHEREAS it is the will of the people of Pakistan to establish an order__ \r\nWHEREIN the State shall exercise its powers and authority through the chosen representatives \r\nof the people; \r\nWHEREIN the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice, as \r\nenunciated by Islam, shall be fully observed; \r\nWHEREIN the Muslims shall be enabled to order their lives in the individual and collective \r\nspheres in accordance with the teachings and requirements of Islam as set out in the Holy Quran and \r\nSunnah; \r\nWHEREIN adequate provision shall be made for the minorities fre ely to profess and practise \r\ntheir religions and develop their cultures; \r\nWHEREIN the territories now included in or in accession with Pakistan and such other \r\nterritories as may hereafter be included in or accede to Pakistan shall form a Federation wherein t he \r\nunits will be autonomous with such boundaries and limitations on their powers and authority as may \r\nbe prescribed; \r\nWHEREIN shall be guaranteed fundamental rights, including equality of status, of opportunity \r\nand before law, social, economic and political justice, and freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, \r\nworship and association, subject to law and public morality; \r\nWHEREIN adequate provision shall be made to safeguard the legitimate interests of minorities \r\nand backward and depressed classes; \r\nWHEREIN the independence of the judiciary shall be fully secured; \r\nWHEREIN the integrity of the territories of the Federation, its independence and all its rights, \r\nincluding its sovereign rights on land, sea and air, shall be safeguarded; \r\nSo that the people of Pakistan may prosper and attain their rightful and honoured place amongst \r\nthe nations of the World and make their full contribution towards international peace and progress and \r\nhappiness of humanity; \r\nNOW, THEREFORE, we, the people of Pakistan, \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 18 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nConscious of our responsibility before Almighty Allah and men;  \r\nCognisant of the sacrifices made by the people in the cause of Pakistan; \r\nFaithful to the declaration made by the Founder of Pakistan, Quaid -i-Azam Mohammad Ali \r\nJinnah, that Pakistan would be a democratic State based on Islamic principles of social justice; \r\nDedicated to the preservation of democracy achieved by the unremitting struggle of the people \r\nagainst oppression and tyranny; \r\nInspired by the resolve to protect our national and political unity and s olidarity by creating an \r\negalitarian society through a new order; \r\nDo hereby, through our representatives in the National Assembly, adopt, enact and give to \r\nourselves, this Constitution. \r\n \r\n \r\n________ \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 19 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nPART I \r\nINTRODUCTORY \r\n11. The Republic and its territories.__ (1) Pakistan shall be a Federal Republic to be known \r\nas the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, hereinafter referred to as Pakistan. \r\n2[(2) The territories of Pakistan shall comprise__ \r\n(a) the Provinces of 3[Balochistan], the 3[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa], the Punjab and \r\n3[Sindh]; \r\n(b) the Islamabad Capital Territory, hereinafter referred to as the Federal Capital; \r\n4[and] \r\n   4[* * * * * * *] \r\n4[(c)]  such States and territories as are or may be included in Pakistan, whether by \r\naccession or otherwise. \r\n(3) 5[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] may by law admit into the Federation new States or areas \r\non such terms and conditions as it thinks fit.]] \r\n2. Islam to be State religion. Islam shall be the State religion of Pakistan. \r\n5[2A. The Objectives Resolution to form part of substantive provisions. The principles and \r\nprovisions set out in the Objectives Resolution reproduced in the Annex are hereby made substantive \r\npart of the Constitution and shall have effect accordingly.] \r\n3. Elimination of exploit ation. The State shall ensure the elimination of all forms of \r\nexploitation and the gradual fulfilment of the fundamental principle, from each according to his ability \r\nto each according to his work. \r\n4. Right of individuals to be dealt with in accordance with law, etc. __ (1) To enjoy the \r\nprotection of law and to be treated in accordance with law is the ina lienable right of every citizen,  \r\nwherever he may be, and of every other person for the time being within Pakistan. \r\n(2) In particular__ \r\n(a) no action detrimental to the life, liberty, body, reputation or property of any \r\nperson shall be taken except in accordance with law; \r\n \r\n1The provisions of the Constitution except those of Articles 6, 8 to 28, (both inclusive), clauses 2 and (2a) of Article 101, Articles 199, 213 to 216 (both \r\ninclusive) and 270-A, brought into force with effect from 10th March, 1985, vide S.R.O. No. 212(I)/85. dated 10th March, 1985, Gazette of Pakistan, \r\nExtraordinary, Part-II, page 279 and the aforesaid Articles brought into force with  effect from 30th December, 1985, vide S.R.O. No. 1273(I)/85 dated \r\n29th December. 1985, Gazette of Pakistan, Extraordinary, Part-I1, page 3185. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s. 2, (w.e.f. the 4th May, 1974). \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 3. \r\n4Ins., omitted and re-numbered by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2018 (Act No. XXXVII of 2018), s. 2. \r\n5Subs. and ins. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O.NO. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 20 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(b) no person shall be prevented from or be hindered in doing that which is \r\nnot prohibited by law; and \r\n(c) no person shall be compelled to do that which the law does not required \r\nhim to do. \r\n5. Loyalty to State and obedience to Constitution and law. __ (1) Loyalty to the State is the \r\nbasic duty of every citizen. \r\n(2) Obedience to the Constitution and law is the 1[inviolable] obligation of every citizen \r\nwherever he may be and of every other person for the time being within Pakistan. \r\n6. High treason .__ 2[(1)   Any person who abrogates or subverts or suspends or holds in \r\nabeyance, or attempts or conspires to abrogate or subvert or suspend or hold in abeyance, the \r\nConstitution by use of force or show of force or by any other unconstitutional means shall be guilty of \r\nhigh treason.] \r\n(2) Any person aiding or abetting 2[or collaborating] the acts mentioned in clause (1) shall \r\nlikewise be guilty of high treason. \r\n2[(2A) An act of high treason mentioned in clause (1) or clause (2) shall not be validated by \r\nany court including the 3[Federal Constitutional Court,] Supreme Court and a High Court.] \r\n(3) 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] shall by law provide for the punishme nt of persons found \r\nguilty of high treason. \r\nPART II \r\nFUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND PRINCIPLES OF POLICY \r\n7. Definition of the State. In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State” means \r\nthe Federal Government, 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)], a Provincial Government, a Provincial \r\nAssembly, and such local or other authorities in Pakistan as are by law empowered to impose any tax \r\nor cess. \r\nCHAPTER 1 \r\nFUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS \r\n8. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of Fundamental Rights to be void.__ (1)    Any \r\nlaw, or any custom or usage having the force of law, in so far as it is inconsistent with the rights \r\nconferred by this Chapter, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void. \r\n(2) The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights so conferred and \r\nany law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of such contravention, be void. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. NO. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n2Subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 4. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No.  XXXII of 2025), s. 2. \r\n \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 21 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(3) The Provisions of this Article shall not apply to__ \r\n(a) any law relating to members of the Armed Forces, or of the police or of such \r\nother forces as are charged with the maintenance of public order, for the purpose \r\nof ensuring the proper discharge of their duties or the maintenance of discipline \r\namong them; or \r\n1[(b)  any of the__ \r\n(i) laws specified in the First Schedule as in force immediately before the \r\ncommencing day or as amended by any of the laws specified in that \r\nSchedule; \r\n(ii) other laws specified in Part I of the First Schedule;] \r\nand no such law nor any provision thereof shall be void on the ground that such law or provision \r\nis inconsistent with, or repugnant to, any provision of this Chapter. \r\n(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in paragraph (b) of clause (3), within a period of two \r\nyears from the commencing day, the appropriate Legislature shall bring the laws specified in 1[Part II \r\nof the First Schedule] into conformity with the rights conferred by this Chapter : \r\nProvided that the appropriate Legislature may by resolution extend the said period of two years \r\nby a period not exceeding six months. \r\nExplanation.__ If in respect of any law 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] is the appropriate \r\nLegislature, such resolution shall be a resolution of the National Assembly. \r\n(5) The rights conferred by this Chapter shall not be  suspended except as expressly provided \r\nby the Constitution. \r\n9. Security of person. No person shall be deprived of life or liberty save in accordance with \r\nlaw. \r\n3[9A. Clean and healthy environment.__ Every person shall be entitled to a clean, healthy and \r\nsustainable environment.] \r\n10. Safeguards as to arrest and detention.__ (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained \r\nin custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest, nor shall he be \r\ndenied the right to consult and be defended by a legal practitioner of his choice. \r\n(2) Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before a magistrate \r\nwithin a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest, excluding the time necessary for the journey from \r\nthe place of arrest to the court of the nearest magistrate, and no such person shall be detained in custody \r\nbeyond the said period without the authority of a magistrate. \r\n(3) Nothing in clauses (1) and (2) shall apply to any person who is arrested or detained under \r\nany law providing for preventive detention. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (Act No. LXXI of 1975), s. 2, (w. e. f. the 21st November, 1985). \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O.NO. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 2.  \r\n \r\n Page 22 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(4) No law providing for preventive detention shall be made except to deal with persons acting \r\nin a manner prejudicial to the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part thereof, or external \r\naffairs of Pakistan, or public order, or the maintenance of supplies or services, and no such law shall \r\nauthorise the detention of a person for a period exceeding 1[three months] unless the appr opriate \r\nReview Board has, after affording him an opportunity of being heard in person, reviewed his case and \r\nreported, before the expiration of the said period, that there is, in its opinion, sufficient cause for such \r\ndetention, and, if the detention is co ntinued after the said period of 1[three months], unless the \r\nappropriate Review Board has reviewed his case and reported, before the expiration of each period of \r\nthree months, that there is, in its opinion, sufficient cause for such detention. \r\nExplanation I.__ In this Article, “the appropriate Review Board” means,__ \r\n(i) in the case of a person detained under a Federal law, a Board appointed by the Chief \r\nJustice of 2[Supreme Court of] Pakistan and consisting of a Chairman and two other \r\npersons, each of whom is o r has been a Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court; \r\nand \r\n(ii) in the case of a person detained under a Provincial law, a Board appointed by the Chief \r\nJustice of the High Court concerned and consisting of a Chairman and two other \r\npersons, each of whom is or has been a Judge of a High Court. \r\nExplanation II.__ The opinion of a Review Board shall be expressed in terms of the views of \r\nthe majority of its members. \r\n(5) When any person is detained in pursuance of an order made under any law providing for \r\npreventive detention, the authority making the order shall, 3[within fifteen days] from such detention, \r\ncommunicate to such person the grounds on which the order has been  made, and shall afford him the \r\nearliest opportunity of making a representation against the order: \r\nProvided that the authority making any such order may refuse to disclose facts which such \r\nauthority considers it to be against the public interest to disclose. \r\n(6) The authority making the order shall furnish to the appropriate Review Board all documents \r\nrelevant to the case unless a  certificate, signed by a Secretary to the Government concerned, to the \r\neffect that it is not in the public interest to furnish any documents, is produced. \r\n(7) Within a period of twenty -four months commencing on the day of his first detention in \r\npursuance of an order made under a law providing for preventive detention, no person shall be detained \r\nin pursuance of any such orde r for more than a total period of eight months in the case of a person \r\ndetained for acting in a manner prejudicial to public order and twelve months in any other case: \r\nProvided that this clause shall not apply to any person who is employed by, or works for , or \r\nacts on instructions received from, the enemy 1[, or who is acting or attempting to act in a manner \r\nprejudicial to the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part thereof or who commits or \r\nattempts to commit any act which amounts to an anti -national activity as defined in a Federal law or \r\nis a member of any association which has for its objects, or which indulges in, any such  anti-national \r\nactivity.]. \r\n \r\n1Subs. and added by the Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1975 (Act No. XXII of 1975), s. 2, (w. e. f. the 13th February. 1975). \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 3. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1975 (Act No. XXII of 1975), s. 2, (w.e.f. the 13th February, 1975). \r\n \r\n Page 23 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(8) The appropriate Review Board shall determine the place of detention of the person \r\ndetained and fix a reasonable subsistence allowance for his family. \r\n(9) Nothing in this Article shall apply to any person who for the time being is an enemy alien. \r\n1[10A. Right to fair trial. __For the determination of his civil rights and obligations or in any \r\ncriminal charge against him a person shall be entitled to a fair trial and due process.] \r\n11. Slavery, forced labour, etc., prohibited.__ (1) Slavery is non-existent and forbidden and \r\nno law shall permit or facilitate its introduction into Pakistan in any form. \r\n(2) All forms of forced labour and traffic in human beings are prohibited. \r\n(3) No child below the age of fourteen years shall be engaged in any factory or mine or any \r\nother hazardous employment. \r\n(4) Nothing in this Article shall be deemed to affect compulsory service__ \r\n(a) by any person undergoing punishment for an offence against any law; or \r\n(b) required by any law for public purpose: \r\nProvided that no compulsory  service shall be of a cruel nature or incompatible with human \r\ndignity. \r\n12. Protection against retrospective punishment.__ (1) No law shall authorize the punishment \r\nof a person__ \r\n(a) for an act or omission that was not punishable by law at the time of the act or \r\nomission; or \r\n(b) for an offence by a penalty greater than, or of a kind different from, the penalty \r\nprescribed by law for that offence at the time the offence was committed. \r\n(2) Nothing in clause (1) or in Article 270 shall apply to any law making acts of abrogation or \r\nsubversion of a Constitution in force in Pakistan at any time since the twenty-third day of March, one \r\nthousand nine hundred and fifty-six, an offence. \r\n13. Protection against double punishment and self-incrimination. No person__ \r\n(a) shall be prosecuted or punished for the same offence more than once; or \r\n(b) shall, when accused of an offence, be compelled to be a witness against himself. \r\n14. Inviolability of dignity of man, etc .__ (1) The dignity of man and, subject to law, the \r\nprivacy of home, shall be inviolable. \r\n(2) No person shall be subjected to torture for the purpose of extracting evidence. \r\n \r\n1Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 5. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 24 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n15. Freedom of movement, etc. Every citizen shall have the right to remain in, and, subject to \r\nany reasonable restriction imposed by law in the public interest, enter and move freely throughout \r\nPakistan and to reside and settle in any part thereof. \r\n16. Freedom of assembly.  Every citizen shall have the rig ht to assemble peacefully and \r\nwithout arms, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of public order. \r\n1[17. Freedom of association.__ (1)   Every citizen shall have the right to form associations or \r\nunions, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of sovereignty or integrity \r\nof Pakistan, public order or morality. \r\n(2) Every citizen, not being in the service of Pakistan, shall have the right to form or be a \r\nmember of a political party, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of the \r\nsovereignty or integrity of Pakistan and such law shall prov ide that where the Federal Government \r\ndeclares that any political party has been formed or is operating in a manner prejudicial to the \r\nsovereignty or integrity of Pakistan, the Federal Government shall, within fifteen days of such \r\ndeclaration, refer the matter to the 2[Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan] whose decision on such \r\nreference shall be final. \r\n(3) Every political party shall account for the source of its funds in accordance with law.] \r\n18. Freedom of trade, business or profession . Subject to such qualifications, if any, as may \r\nbe prescribed by law, every citizen shall have the right to enter upon any lawful profession or \r\noccupation, and to conduct any lawful trade or business: \r\nProvided that nothing in this Article shall prevent__ \r\n(a) the regulation of any trade or profession by a licensing system; or \r\n(b) the regulation of trade, commerce or industry in the interest of free competition \r\ntherein; or \r\n(c) the carrying on, by the Federal Government or a Provincial Government, or by \r\na corporation  controlled by any such Government, of any trade, business, \r\nindustry or service, to the exclusion, complete or partial, of other persons. \r\n19. Freedom of speech, etc.  Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of speech and \r\nexpression, and there shall be freedom of the press, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by \r\nlaw in the interest of the glory of Islam or the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part \r\nthereof, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or moral ity, or in relation to \r\ncontempt of court, 3[commission of] or incitement to an offence. \r\n1[19A. Right to information.__ Every citizen shall have the right to have access to information \r\nin all matters of public importance subject to regulation and reasonable restrictions imposed by law.] \r\n20. Freedom to profess religion and to manage religious institutions. Subject to law, public \r\norder and morality,__ \r\n(a) every citizen shall have the right to profess, practice and propagate his religion; \r\nand \r\n \r\n1Subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), ss. 6-7. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 4. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (Act No. LXXI of 1975), s. 4, (w. e. f. the 21st November, 1975). \r\n \r\n Page 25 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n (b) every religious denomination and every sect thereof shall have the right to \r\nestablish, maintain and manage its religious institutions. \r\n21. Safeguard against taxation for purposes of any particular religion. No person shall be \r\ncompelled to pay any special tax the proceeds of which are to be spent on the propagation or \r\nmaintenance of any religion other than his own. \r\n22. Safeguards as to educational institutions in respect of religion, etc. __ (1) No person \r\nattending any educational institution shall be required to receive religious instruction, or take part in \r\nany religious ceremony, or attend religious worship, if such instruction, ceremo ny or worship relates \r\nto a religion other than his own. \r\n(2) In respect of any religious institution, there shall be no discrimination against any \r\ncommunity in the granting of exemption or concession in relation to taxation. \r\n(3) Subject to law,__ \r\n(a) no religious community or denomination shall be prevented from providing \r\nreligious instruction for pupils of that community or denomination in any \r\neducational institution maintained wholly by that community or denomination; \r\nand \r\n(b) no citizen shall be denied admission to any educational institution receiving aid \r\nfrom public revenues on the ground only of race, religion, caste or place of birth. \r\n(4) Nothing in this Article shall prevent any public authority from making provision for the \r\nadvancement of any socially or educationally backward class of citizens. \r\n23. Provision as to property.  Every citizen shall have the right to acquire, hold and dispose \r\nof property in any part of Pakistan, subject to the Constitution and any reasonable restrictions imposed \r\nby law in the public interest. \r\n24. Protection of property rights. __ (1) No person shall be deprived of his property save in \r\naccordance with law. \r\n(2) No property shall be compulsorily acquired or taken possession of save for a public purpose, \r\nand save by the authority of law which provides for compensation therefor and either fixes the amount \r\nof compensation or specifies the principles on and the manner in which compensation is to be \r\ndetermined and given. \r\n(3) Nothing in this Article shall affect the validity of__ \r\n(a) any law permitting the compulsory acquisition or taking possession of any \r\nproperty for preventing danger to life, property or public health; or \r\n(b) any law permitting the taking over of any property which has been acquired by, \r\nor come into the possession  of, any person by any unfair means, or in any \r\nmanner, contrary to law; or \r\n(c) any law relating to the acquisition, administration or disposal of any property \r\nwhich is or is deemed to be enemy property or evacuee property under any law \r\n(not being property which has ceased to be evacuee property under any law); or \r\n \r\n Page 26 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(d) any law providing for the taking over of the management of any property by the \r\nState for a limited period, either in the public interest or in order to secure the \r\nproper management of the property, or for the benefit of its owner; or \r\n(e) any law providing for the acquisition of any class of property for the purpose \r\nof__ \r\n(i) providing education and medical aid to all or any specified class of \r\ncitizens; or \r\n(ii) providing housing and public facilities and services such as roads, water \r\nsupply, sewerage, gas and electric power to all or any specified class of \r\ncitizens; or \r\n(iii) providing maintenance to those who, on account of unemployment, \r\nsickness, infirmity or old age, are unable to maintain themselves; or \r\n(f)  any existing law or any law made in pursuance of Article 253. \r\n(4) The adequacy or otherwise of any compensation provided for by any such law as is referred \r\nto in this Article, or determined in pursuance thereof, shall not be called in question in any court. \r\n25. Equality of citizens. __ (1) All citizens are equal before law and are entitled to equal \r\nprotection of law. \r\n(2) There shall be no discrimination on the basis of sex 1[*]. \r\n(3) Nothing in this Article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the \r\nprotection of women and children. \r\n1[25A. Right to education. __ The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all \r\nchildren of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as may be determined by law.] \r\n26. Non-discrimination in respect of access to public places. __ (1) In respect of access to \r\nplaces of public entertainment or resort, not intended for religious purposes only, there shall be no \r\ndiscrimination against any citizen on the ground only of race, rel igion, caste, sex, residence or place \r\nof birth. \r\n(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women \r\nand children. \r\n27. Safeguard against discrimination in services. __ (1) No citizen otherwise qualified for \r\nappointment in the service of Pakistan shall be discriminated against in respect of any such \r\nappointment on the ground only of race, religion, caste, sex, residence or place of birth: \r\nProvided that, for a period not exceeding 2[forty] years from the commencing day,  posts may \r\nbe reserved for persons belonging to any class or area to secure their adequate representation in the \r\nservice of Pakistan: \r\n \r\n1Omitted and ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), ss. 8-9. \r\n2Subs. and shall be deemed always to have been so subs. by the Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1999 (Act No. VII of 1999), s. 2. \r\n \r\n Page 27 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nProvided further that, in the interest of the said service, specified posts or services may be \r\nreserved for members of either sex if such p osts or services entail the performance of duties and \r\nfunctions which cannot be adequately performed by members of the other sex 1[:] \r\n1[Provided also that under-representation of any class or area in the service of Pakistan may be \r\nredressed in such manner as may be determined by an Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] \r\n(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall prevent any Provincial Government, or any local or other \r\nauthority in a Province, from prescribing, in relation to any post or class of service under that \r\nGovernment or authority, conditions as to residence in the Province, for a period not exceeding three \r\nyears, prior to appointment under that Government or authority. \r\n28. Preservation of language, script and culture.  Subject to Article 251 any section of \r\ncitizens having a distinct language, script or culture shall have the right to preserve and promote the \r\nsame and subject to law, establish institutions for that purpose. \r\nCHAPTER 2 \r\n PRINCIPLES OF POLICY \r\n29. Principles of Policy. __ (1) The Principles set out  in this Chapter shall be known as the \r\nPrinciples of Policy, and it is the responsibility of each organ and authority of the State, and of each \r\nperson performing functions on behalf of an organ or authority of the State, to act in accordance with \r\nthose Principles in so far as they relate to the functions of the organ or authority. \r\n(2) In so far as the observance of any particular Principle of Policy may be dependent upon \r\nresources being available for the purpose, the Principle shall be regarded as being sub ject to the \r\navailability of resources. \r\n(3) In respect of each year, the President in relation to the affairs of the Federation, and the \r\nGovernor of each Province in relation to the affairs of his Province, shall cause to be prepared and laid \r\nbefore 1[each House of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] or, as the case may be, the Provincial Assembly, \r\na report on the observance and implementation of the Principles of Policy, and provision shall be made \r\nin the rules of procedure of the National Assembly 1[and the Sena te] or, as the case may be, the \r\nProvincial Assembly, for discussion on such report. \r\n30. Responsibility with respect to Principles of Policy. __ (1) The responsibility of deciding \r\nwhether any action of an organ or authority of the State, or of a person performing functions on behalf \r\nof an organ or authority of the State, is in accordance with the Principles of Policy is that of the organ \r\nor authority of the State, or of the person, concerned. \r\n(2) The validity of an action or of a law shall not be called in question on the ground that it is \r\nnot in accordance with the Principles of Policy, and no action shall lie against the State, any organ or \r\nauthority of the State or any person on such ground. \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), ss. 10-11. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 28 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n31. Islamic way of life. __ (1) Steps shall be taken to enable the Muslims of Pakistan, \r\nindividually and collectively, to order their lives in accordance with the fundamental principles and \r\nbasic concepts of Islam  and to provide facilities whereby they may be enabled to understand the \r\nmeaning of life according to the Holy Quran and Sunnah. \r\n(2) The State shall endeavour, as respects the Muslims of Pakistan,__ \r\n(a) to make the teaching of the Holy Quran and Islamiat compulsory, to encourage \r\nand facilitate the learning of Arabic language and to secure correct and exact \r\nprinting and publishing of the Holy Quran; \r\n(b) to promote unity and the observance of the Islamic moral standards; and \r\n(c) to secure the proper organisation of zakat 1[ushr,] auqaf and mosques. \r\n32. Promotion of local Government institutions.  The State shall encourage local \r\nGovernment institutions composed of elected representatives of the areas concerned and in  such \r\ninstitutions special representation will be given to peasants, workers and women. \r\n33. Parochial and other similar prejudices to be discouraged.  The State shall discourage \r\nparochial, racial, tribal, sectarian and provincial prejudices among the citizens. \r\n34. Full participation of women in nationa l life.  Steps shall be taken to ensure full \r\nparticipation of women in all spheres of national life. \r\n 35. Protection of family, etc. The State shall protect the marriage, the family, the mother and \r\nthe child. \r\n 36. Protection of minorities.  The State shall safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of \r\nminorities, including their due representation in the Federal and Provincial services. \r\n 37. Promotion of social justice and eradication of social evils. The State shall__ \r\n(a) promote, with special care, the educational and economic interests of backward \r\nclasses or areas; \r\n(b) remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within \r\nminimum possible period; \r\n(c) make technical and professional education generally available and higher \r\neducation equally accessible to all on the basis of merit; \r\n(d) ensure inexpensive and expeditious justice; \r\n(e) make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work, ensuring that \r\nchildren and women are not employed in vocations unsuited to their age or sex, \r\nand for maternity benefits for women in employment; \r\n \r\n \r\n1Ins. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n \r\n Page 29 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(f) enable the people of different areas, through education, training, agricultural and \r\nindustrial development and other methods, to participate fully in all forms of \r\nnational activities, including employment in the service of Pakistan; \r\n(g) prevent prostitution, gambling and taking of injurious drugs, printing, publication, \r\ncirculation and display of obscene literature and advertisements; \r\n(h) prevent the consumption of alcoholic liquor otherwise than for medicinal and, in \r\nthe case of non-Muslims, religious purposes; and \r\n(i) decentralise the Government administration so as to facilitate expeditious disposal \r\nof its business to meet the convenience and requirements of the public. \r\n 38. Promotion of social and economic well-being of the people. The State shall— \r\n(a) secure the well -being of the people, irrespective of sex, caste, creed or race, by \r\nraising their standard of living, by preventing the concentration of wealth and \r\nmeans of production and distribution in the hands of a few to the detriment of \r\ngeneral interest and by ensuring equitable adjustment of rights between employers \r\nand employees, and landlords and tenants; \r\n(b) provide for all citizens, within the available resources of the country, facilities for \r\nwork and adequate livelihood with reasonable rest and leisure; \r\n(c) provide for all persons employed in the service of Pakistan or otherwi se, social \r\nsecurity by compulsory social insurance or other means; \r\n(d) provide basic necessities of life, such as food, clothing, housing, education and \r\nmedical relief, for all such citizens, irrespective of sex, caste, creed or race, as are \r\npermanently or temporarily unable to earn their livelihood on account of infirmity, \r\nsickness or unemployment; \r\n(e) reduce disparity in the income and earnings of individuals, including persons in the \r\nvarious classes of the service of Pakistan; 1[*] \r\n2[(f) eliminate riba completely before the first day of January, two thousand twenty -\r\neight; and] \r\n1[(g)  ensure that the shares of the Provinces in all Federal services, including \r\nautonomous bodies and corporations established by, or under the control of, the \r\nFederal Government, shall be secured and any omission in the allocation of the \r\nshares of the Provinces in the past shall be rectified.] \r\n 39. Participation of people in Armed Forces.  The State shall enable people from all parts of \r\nPakistan to participate in the Armed Forces of Pakistan. \r\n 40. Strengthening bonds with Muslim world and promoting international peace.  The State \r\nshall endeavour to preserve and strengthen fraternal relations among Muslim countries based on Islamic \r\nunity, support the common interests of the  peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America, promote \r\ninternational peace and security, foster goodwill and friendly relations among all nations and encourage \r\nthe settlement of international disputes by peaceful means. \r\n \r\n1Omitted and added by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 12. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 3. \r\n \r\n Page 30 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nPART III \r\nTHE FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN \r\nCHAPTER 1.— THE PRESIDENT \r\n 41. The President.__ (1) There shall be a President of Pakistan who shall be the Head of State and \r\nshall represent the unity of the Republic. \r\n (2) A person shall not be qualified for election as President unless he is a Muslim of not less than \r\nforty-five years of age and is qualified to be elected as member of the National Assembly. \r\n 1[(3) The President 2[* * * ] shall be elected in accordance with the provisions of the Second \r\nSchedule by the members of an electoral college consisting of__ \r\n(a) the members of both Houses; and \r\n(b) the members of the Provincial Assemblies.] \r\n (4) Election to the office of President shall be held not earlier than sixty days and not later than \r\nthirty days before the expiration of the term of the President in office: \r\n Provided that, if the election cannot be held withi n the period aforesaid because the National \r\nAssembly is dissolved, it shall be held within thirty days of the general election to the Assembly. \r\n (5) An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President shall be held not later than thirty days \r\nfrom the occurrence of the vacancy: \r\n Provided that, if the election cannot be held within the period aforesaid because the National \r\nAssembly is dissolved, it shall be held within thirty days of the general election to the Assembly. \r\n (6) The validity of the election  of the President shall not be called in question by or before any \r\ncourt or other authority. \r\n (7) 2[* * * * * * *] \r\n(8) 2[* * * * * * *] \r\n(9) 2[* * * * * * *] \r\n 42. Oath of President.  Before entering upon office, the President shall make before the Chief \r\nJustice of Pakistan oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. \r\n 43. Conditions of President’s office.__ (1) The President shall not hold any office of profit in the \r\nservice of Pakistan or occupy any other position carrying the right to remuneration for  the rendering of \r\nservices. \r\n (2) The President shall not be a candida te for election as a member of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament)] or a Provincial Assembly; and, if a member of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] or a Provincial \r\nAssembly is elected as Preside nt, his seat in 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] or, as the case may be, the \r\nProvincial Assembly shall become vacant on the day he enters upon his office. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch.  \r\n2Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 13. \r\n \r\n Page 31 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n 44. Term of office of President. __ (1) Subject to the Constitution, the President shall hold office \r\nfor a term of five years from the day he enters upon his office : \r\n Provided that the President shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his terms, continue to hold \r\noffice until his successor enters upon his office. \r\n (2) Subject to the Constitution, a person holding office as President shall be eligible for re-election \r\nto that office, but no person shall hold that office for more than two consecutive terms. \r\n (3) The President may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Speaker of the National \r\nAssembly, resign his office. \r\n 45. President’s power to grant pardon, etc.  The President shall have power to grant pardon, \r\nreprieve and respite, and to remit, suspend or commute any sentence passed by any court, tribunal or other \r\nauthority. \r\n 1[46. President to be kept informed. __ The Prime Minister shall keep the President informed on \r\nall matters of internal and foreign policy and on all legislative proposals the Federal Government intends \r\nto bring before Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).] \r\n 47. Removal 2[or impeachment] of President.__ 2[(l) Notwithstanding anything contained in the \r\nConstitution, the President may, in accordance with the provisions of this Article, be removed from office \r\non the ground of physical or mental incapacity or impeached on a charge of violating the Constituti on or \r\ngross misconduct. \r\n (2) Not less than one-half of the total membership of either House may give to the Speaker of the \r\nNational Assembly or, as the case may be, the Chairman written notice of its intention to move a resolution \r\nfor the removal of, or, as the case may be, to impeach, the President; and such notice shall set out the \r\nparticulars of his incapacity or of the charge against him.] \r\n (3) If a notice under clause (2) is received by the Chairman, he shall transmit it forthwith to the \r\nSpeaker. \r\n (4) The Speaker shall, within three days of the receipt of a notice under clause (2) or clause (3), \r\ncause a copy of the notice to be transmitted to the President. \r\n (5) The Speaker shall summon the two Houses to meet in a joint sitting not earlier than seven days \r\nand not later than fourteen days after the receipt of the notice by him. \r\n (6) The joint sitting may investigate or cause to be investigated the ground or the charge upon \r\nwhich the notice is founded. \r\n (7) The President shall have the right to appear and be represented during the investigation, if any, \r\nand before the joint sitting. \r\n (8) If, after consideration of the result of the investigation, if any, a resolution is passed at the joint \r\nsitting by the votes of not less than two -thirds of the total membership of 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] \r\ndeclaring that the President is unfit to hold the office due to incapacity or is guilty of violating the \r\nConstitution or of gross misconduct, the President shall cease to hold office immediately on the passing of \r\nthe resolution. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 14. \r\n2Ins. and subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O.No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n \r\n Page 32 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[48. President to act on advice, etc.__  (1) In the exercise of his functions, the President \r\nshall act 2[on and] in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet 3[or the Prime Minister]: \r\n 3[Provided that 2[within fifteen days] the President may require the Cabinet or, as the case may \r\nbe, the Prime Minister to reconsider such advice, either generally or otherwise, and the President shall \r\n2[, within ten days,] act in accordance with the advice tendered after such reconsideration.] \r\n (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1), the President shall act in his discretion \r\nin respect of any matter in respect of which he is empowered by the Constitution to do so 3[and the \r\nvalidity of anything done by the President in his discretion shall not be called in question on any ground \r\nwhatsoever]. \r\n 3[*        * * * *          * *] \r\n 4[(4) The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered to the President by the \r\nCabinet, or the Prime Minister, shall not be inquired into in, or by, any court, tribunal or other \r\nauthority.] \r\n 2[(5) Where the President dissolves the National Assembly, notwithstanding anything \r\ncontained in clause (1), he shall,__ \r\n(a) appoint a date, not later than ninety days from the date of the dissolution, for \r\nthe holding of a general election to the Assembly; and \r\n(b) appoint a care-taker Cabinet 5[in accordance with the provisions of Article 224 \r\nor, as the case may be, Article 224A].] \r\n 2[(6) If at any time the Prime Minister considers it necessary to hold a referendum on any matter \r\nof national importance, he may refer the matter to a joint sitting of the Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament) \r\nand if it is approved in a joint sitting, the Prime Mini ster may cause such matter to be referred to a \r\nreferendum in the form of a question that is capable of being answered by either “Yes” or “No”.] \r\n (7) An Act of Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament) may lay down the procedure for the holding of a \r\nreferendum and the compiling and consolidation of the result of a referendum.] \r\n 49. Chairman or Speaker to act as, or perform functions of, President. __ (1)   If the office \r\nof President becomes vacant by reason of death, resignation or removal of the President, the Chairman \r\nor, if he is unable to perform the functions of the office of President, the Speaker of the National \r\nAssembly shall act as President until a President is elected in accordance with clause (3) of Article 41. \r\n (2) When the President, by reason of absence from Pakistan or any other cause, is unable to \r\nperform his functions, the Chairman or, if he too is absent or unable to perform the func tions of the \r\noffice of President, the Speaker of the National Assembly shall perform the functions of President until \r\nthe President returns to Pakistan or, as the case may be, resumes his functions. \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O.No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n2Ins. and subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 15. \r\n3Subs., added and omitted by the Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (Act No. XVIII of 1985), s. 2 \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 4. \r\n5Added by the Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012 (Act No. V of 2012), s. 2. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 33 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nCHAPTER 2. – THE 1[MAJLIS-E-SHOORA (PARLIAMENT)] \r\nCOMPOSITION, DURATION AND MEETINGS OF 1[MAJLIS-E-SHOORA \r\n(PARLIAMENT)] \r\n \r\n 1[50. Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament). There shall be a Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament) of \r\nPakistan consisting of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as the National \r\nAssembly and the Senate.] \r\n 2[51. National Assembly.__ (1) There shall be 3[three hundred and thirty-six] seats for members \r\nin the National Assembly, including seats reserved for women and non-Muslims. \r\n (2) A person shall be entitled to vote if__ \r\n(a) he is a citizen of Pakistan; \r\n(b) he is not less than eighteen years of age; \r\n(c) his name appears on the electoral roll; and \r\n(d) he is not declared by a competent court to be of unsound mind. \r\n 3[(3) The seats in the National Assembly referred to in clause (1), except the seats mentioned \r\nin clause (4), shall be allocated to each Province and the Federal Capital as under:__ \r\n \r\n General Seats Women Seats Total Seats \r\nBalochistan 16 4 20 \r\nKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 45 10 55 \r\nPunjab 141 32 173 \r\nSindh 61 14 75 \r\nFederal Capital 3 - 3 \r\nTotal 266 60 326] \r\n 3[(3A) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (3) or any other law for the time being in \r\nforce, the members of the National Assembly from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas to be \r\nelected in the general elections, 2018 shall continue till dissolution of the  National Assembly and \r\nthereafter this clause shall stand omitted.] \r\n (4)   In addition to the number of seats referred to in clause (3), there shall be, in the National \r\nAssembly, ten seats reserved for non- Muslims. \r\n 4[(5) 3[*******] 3[The] seats in the National Assembly shall be allocated to each province and \r\nthe Federal Capital on the basis of population in accordance with the last preceding census officially \r\npublished: \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O.No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 16, and shall be deemed always to have been so substituted with \r\neffect from the 21st day of August, 2002. \r\n3Subs., ins. and omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2018 (Act No. XXXVII of 2018), s. 3, (w. e. f. 31-05-2018). \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-fourth Amendment) Act, 2017 (Act No. XXXVIII of 2017), s. 2. \r\n \r\n Page 34 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n Provided that for purposes of the next general elections to be held in 2018 and bye -elections \r\nrelated thereto, the allocation shall be made on the basis of provisional results of the 2017 census which \r\nshall be published by the Federal Government.] \r\n (6) For the purpose of election to the National Assembly,__ \r\n(a) the constituencies for the general seats shall be single member territorial \r\nconstituencies and the members to fill such seats shall be elected by direct and \r\nfree vote in accordance with law; \r\n(b) each Province shall be a single constituency for all seats re served for women \r\nwhich are allocated to the respective Provinces under clause (3); \r\n(c) the constituency for all seats reserved for non -Muslims shall be the whole \r\ncountry; \r\n(d) members to the seats reserved for women which are allocated to a Province \r\nunder clause (3) shall be elected in accordance with law through proportional \r\nrepresentation system of political parties’ lists of candidates on the basis of total \r\nnumber of general seats secured by each political party from the Province \r\nconcerned in the National Assembly: \r\n Provided that for the purpose of this paragraph the total number of \r\ngeneral seats won by a political party shall include the independent returned \r\ncandidate or candidates who may duly join such political party within three days \r\nof the publication in the official Gazette of the names of the returned candidates; \r\nand \r\n(e) members to the seats reserved for non -Muslims shall be elected in accordance \r\nwith law through proportional representation system of political parties’ lists of \r\ncandidates on the bas is of total number of general seats won by each political \r\nparty in the National Assembly: \r\n Provided that for the purpose of this paragraph the total number of \r\ngeneral seats won by a political party shall include the independent returned \r\ncandidate or candidates who may duly join such political party within three days \r\nof the publication in the official Gazette of the names of the returned \r\ncandidates.] \r\n 52. Duration of National Assembly.  The National Assembly shall, unless sooner dissolved, \r\ncontinue for a term  of five years from the day of its first meeting and shall stand dissolved at the \r\nexpiration of its term. \r\n 53. Speaker and Deputy Speaker of National Assembly.__ (1)   After a general election, the \r\nNational Assembly shall, at its first meeting and to the e xclusion of any other business, elect from \r\namongst its members a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker and, so often as the office of Speaker or Deputy \r\nSpeaker becomes vacant, the Assembly shall elect another member as Speaker or, as the case may be, \r\nDeputy Speaker. \r\n (2) Before entering upon office, a member elected as Speaker or Deputy Speaker shall make \r\nbefore the National Assembly oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. \r\n \r\n Page 35 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n (3) When the office of Speaker is vacant, or the Speaker is absent or is  unable to perform his \r\nfunction due to any cause, the Deputy Speaker shall act as speaker, and if, at that time, the Deputy \r\nSpeaker is also absent or is unable to act as Speaker due to any cause, such member as may be \r\ndetermined by the rules of procedure of the Assembly shall preside at the meeting of the Assembly. \r\n (4) The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker shall not preside at a meeting of the Assembly when a \r\nresolution for his removal from office is being considered. \r\n (5) The Speaker may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office. \r\n (6) The Deputy Speaker may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Speaker, resign his \r\noffice. \r\n (7) The office of Speaker or Deputy Speaker shall become vacant if__ \r\n(a) he resigns his office; \r\n(b) he ceases to be a member of the Assembly; or \r\n(c) he is removed from office by a resolution of the Assembly, of which not less \r\nthan seven days' notice has been given and which is passed by the votes of the \r\nmajority of the total membership of the Assembly. \r\n (8) When the National Assembly is dissolved, the Speaker shall continue in his office till the \r\nperson elected to fill the office by the next Assembly enters, upon his office. \r\n 154. Summoning and prorogation of Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament).__ (1)   The President \r\nmay, from time to time, summon either House or both Houses or 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] in \r\njoint sitting to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit and may also prorogue the same. \r\n (2) There shall be at least 2[three] sessions of the National Assembly every year, and not more \r\nthan one hundred and twenty days shall intervene between the last sitting of the Assembly in one \r\nsession and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session: \r\n Provided that the National Assembly shall meet for  not less than one hundred and 3[thirty] \r\nworking days in each year. \r\n 4[Explanation.__ In this clause, ‘working days’ includes any day on which there is a joint sitting \r\nand any period, not exceeding two days, for which the National Assembly is adjourned.] \r\n (3) On a requisition signed by not less than one-fourth of the total membership of the National \r\nAssembly, the Speaker shall summon the National Assembly to meet, at such time and place as he \r\nthinks fit, within fourteen days of the receipt of the requisition; and when the Speaker has summoned \r\nthe Assembly only he may prorogue it. \r\n \r\n1Article 54 of the constitution shall, until the 31st day of December, 1973, have effect as if the proviso to clause (2) thereof were omitted, see the \r\nRemoval of Difficulties (Sittings of National Assembly) Order, 1973 (P.O. No.23 of 1973), Art. 2. \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O.N. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Act, 1987 (Act No. I of 1987). s. 2. \r\n4Added by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (Act No. LXXI of 1975), s. 6 (w. e. f. the 21st November, 1975). \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 36 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n 55. Voting in Assembly and quorum. __ (1) Subject to the Constitution, all decisions of the \r\nNational Assembly shall be taken by majority of the members present and voting, but the person \r\npresiding shall not vote except in the case of equality of votes. \r\n (2) If at any time during a sitting of the National Assembly the attention of the person presiding \r\nis drawn to the fact that less than one -fourth of the total membership of the Assembly is present, he \r\nshall either adjourn the Assembly or suspend the meeting until at least one-fourth of such membership \r\nis present. \r\n 56. Address by President. __ 1[(1)] The President may address either House or both Houses \r\nassembled together and may for that purpose require the attendance of the members. \r\n 1[(2) The President may  send messages to either House, whether with respect to a Bill then \r\npending in the Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament) or otherwise, and a House to which any message is so \r\nsent shall with all convenient despatch consider any matter required by the message to be t aken into \r\nconsideration. \r\n 2[(3) At the commencement of the first session after each general election to the National \r\nAssembly and at the commencement of the first session of each year the President shall address both \r\nHouses assembled together and inform the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) of the causes of its summons.] \r\n (4) Provision shall be made in the rules for regulating the procedure of a House and the conduct \r\nof its business for the allotment of time for discussion of the matters referred to in the addre ss of the \r\nPresident.] \r\n 57. Right to speak in 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)].  The Prime Minister, a Federal \r\nMinister, a Minister of State and the Attorney General shall have the right to speak and otherwise take \r\npart in the proceedings of either House, or a joint sitting or any committee thereof, of which he may \r\nbe named a member, but shall not by virtue of this Article be entitled to vote. \r\n 3[58. Dissolution of the National Assembly.__  (1) The President shall dissolve the National \r\nAssembly if so advised b y the Prime Minister; and the National Assembly shall, unless sooner \r\ndissolved, stand dissolved at the expiration of forty-eight hours after the Prime Minister has so advised. \r\n Explanation.__  Reference in this Article to \"Prime Minister\" shall not be construed to include \r\nreference to a Prime Minister against whom a notice of a resolution for a vote of no -confidence has \r\nbeen given in the National Assembly but has not been voted upon or against whom such a resolution \r\nhas been passed or who is continuing in office after his resignation or after the dissolution of the \r\nNational Assembly. \r\n (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (2) of Article 48, the President may also \r\ndissolve the National Assembly in his discretion where, a vote of no -confidence having been passed \r\nagainst the Prime Minister, no other member of the National Assembly command s the confidence of \r\nthe majority of the members of the National Assembly in accordance with the provis ions of the \r\nConstitution, as ascertained in a session of the National Assembly summoned for the purpose.] \r\n \r\n1Re-numbered, added and subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985, (Act No. XVIII of 1985), s. 4. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 17. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 37 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n 1[59. The Senate.__ (1) The Senate shall consist of  2[ninety-six] members, of whom,__ \r\n(a) fourteen shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly; \r\n(b) 2[* * * * * * *] \r\n(c) two on general seats, and one woman and one technocrat including aalim shall \r\nbe elected from the Federal Capital in such manner as the President may , by \r\nOrder, prescribe; \r\n(d) four women shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly; \r\n(e) four technocrats including ulema shall be elected by the members of each \r\nProvincial Assembly; and \r\n(f) four non-Muslims, one from each Province, shall be elected by the members of \r\neach Provincial Assembly: \r\n Provided that paragraph (f) shall be effective from the next Senate \r\nelection after the commencement of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) \r\nAct, 2010. \r\n (2) Election to fill seats in the Senate allocat ed to each Province shall be held in accordance \r\nwith the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote. \r\n (3) The Senate shall not be subject to dissolution but the term of its members, who shall retire \r\nas follows, shall be six years: \r\n(a) of the members referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1), seven shall retire after \r\nthe expiration of the first three years and seven shall retire after the expiration \r\nof the next three years; \r\n(b) 2[* * * * * * *] \r\n(c) of the members referred to in paragraph (c) of the aforesaid clause,__ \r\n(i) one elected on general seat shall retire after the expiration of the first \r\nthree years and the other one shall retire after the expiration of the next \r\nthree years; and \r\n(ii) one elected on the seat reserved for technocrat shall retire after first three \r\nyears and the one elect ed on the seat reserved for wome n shall retire \r\nafter the expiration of the next three years; \r\n(d) of the members referred to in paragraph (d) of the aforesaid clause, two shall \r\nretire after the expiration of the first three years and two shall retire after the \r\nexpiration of the next three years; \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs.by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 18. \r\n2Subs. and omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2018 (Act No. XXXVII of 2018), s. 4, (w. e. f. 31-05-2018). \r\n \r\n Page 38 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(e) of the members referred to in paragraph (e) of the aforesaid clause, two shall \r\nretire after the expiration of the first three years and two shall retire after the \r\nexpiration of the next three years; and \r\n \r\n(f) of the members referred to in paragraph (f) of the aforesaid clause, two shall \r\nretire after the expiration of first three years and two shall retire after the \r\nexpiration of next three years: \r\n \r\nProvided that the Election Commission for the first term of seats for non-\r\nMuslims shall draw a lot as to which two members shall ret ire after the first \r\nthree years.  \r\n \r\n1[Explanation.- The term of a member, notwithstanding the date of his election, shall expire on \r\nthe eleventh day of March of the year of the completion of term for which he is elected.] \r\n \r\n2[(3A) Notwithstanding the omission of paragraph (b) of clause (1) and the omission of \r\nparagraph (b) of clause (3), the existing members of the Senate from the Federally Administered Tribal \r\nAreas shall continue till expiry of their respective terms of office and on the expiry of the aforesaid \r\nterms this clause shall stand omitted.] \r\n \r\n(4) The term of office of a person elected to fill a casual vacancy shall be the unexpired term \r\nof the member whose vacancy he has filled.] \r\n \r\n60. Chairman and Deputy Chairman. __ (1) After the Senate has been duly constituted, it \r\nshall, at its first meeting and to the exclusion of any other business, elect from amongst its members a \r\nChairman and a Deputy Chairman and, so often as  the o ffice of Chairman or Deputy Chairman \r\nbecomes vacant, the Senate shall elect another member as Chairman or, as the case may be, Deputy \r\nChairman. \r\n \r\n(2) The term of office o f the Chairman or Deputy Chairman shall be 3[three] years from the \r\nday on which he enters upon his office. \r\n \r\n61. Other provisions relating to Senate.  The provisions of clauses (2) to (7) of Article 53, \r\nclauses (2) and (3) of Article 54 and Article 55 shall apply to the Senate as they apply to the National \r\nAssembly and, in their application to the Senate, shall have effect as if references therein to the \r\nNational Assembly, Speaker and Deputy Speaker were references, respecti vely, to the Senate \r\nChairman and Deputy Chairman 4[and as if, in the proviso to the said clause (2) of Article 54, for the \r\nwords 5[one hundred and thirty] the words 6[one hundred and ten] were substituted]. \r\n \r\nprovisions as to Members of 7[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] \r\n \r\n6[62. Qualifications for membership of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament). __ (1) A person \r\nshall not be qualified to be elected or chosen as a member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) unless__ \r\n(a) he is a citizen of Pakistan; \r\n(b) he is, in the case of the National Assembly, not less than twenty -five years of \r\nage and is enrolled as a voter in any electoral roll in__ \r\n \r\n \r\n1Added by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 5. \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2018 (Act No. XXXVII of 2018) s. 4, (w. e. f. 31-05-2018). \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (Act No. XVIII of 1985), s. 7. \r\n4Added by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s. 5 (w. e. f. the 14th May, 1974). \r\n5Subs. by the Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Act, 1987 (Act No. I of 1987), s. 3. \r\n6Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), ss. 19-20.  \r\n7Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 39 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n (i) any part of Pakistan, for election to a general seat or a seat reserved for \r\nnon-Muslims; and \r\n(ii) any area in a Province from which she seeks membership for election to \r\na seat reserved for women. \r\n(c) he is, in the case of the Senate, not less than thirty years of age and is enrolled \r\nas a voter in any area in a Province or,  as the case may be, the Federal Capital \r\n1[******], from where he seeks membership; \r\n(d) he is of good character and is not commonly known as one who violates Islamic \r\nInjunctions; \r\n(e) he has adequate knowledge of Islamic teachings and practices obligatory duties \r\nprescribed by Islam as well as abstains from major sins; \r\n(f) he is sagacious, righteous, non -profligate, honest and ameen, there bein g no \r\ndeclaration to the contrary by a court of law; and \r\n(g) he has not, after the establishment of Pakistan, worked against the integrity of \r\nthe country or opposed the ideology of Pakistan: \r\n (2) The disqualifications specified in paragraphs (d) and (e) shall not apply to a person who is \r\na non-Muslim, but such a person shall have good moral reputation.] \r\n \r\n2[63. Disqualifications for membership of Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament). __ (1) A person \r\nshall be disqualified from being elected or chosen as, and from being, a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament), if__ \r\n(a) he is of unsound mind and has been so declared by a competent court; or \r\n(b) he is an undischarged insolvent; or \r\n(c) he ceases to be a citizen of Pakistan, or acquires the citizenship of a foreign \r\nState; or \r\n(d) he holds an office of profit in the service of Pakistan other than an office \r\ndeclared by law not to disqualify its holder; or \r\n(e) he is in the service of any statutory body or any  body which is owned or \r\ncontrolled by the Government or in which the Government has a controlling \r\nshare or interest; or \r\n(f) being a citizen of Pakistan by virtue of section 14B of the Pakistan Citizenship \r\nAct, 1951 (II of 1951), he is for the time being disqualified under any law in \r\nforce in Azad Jammu and Kashmir from being elected as a member of the \r\nLegislative Assembly of Azad Jammu and Kashmir; or \r\n \r\n \r\n1Omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2018 (Act No. XXXVII of 2018) s. 5, (w. e. f. 31-05-2018). \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 21. \r\n \r\n Page 40 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(g) he has been convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction for propagating any \r\nopinion, or acting in any manner, prejudicial to the ideology of Pakistan, or the \r\nsovereignty, integrity or securit y of Pakistan, or the integrity  or independence \r\nof the judiciary of Pakistan, or which defames or brings into ridicule the \r\njudiciary or the Armed Forces of Pakist an, unless a period of five years has \r\nelapsed since his release; or \r\n(h) he has been, on conviction for any offence involving moral turpitude, sentenced \r\nto imprisonment for a term of not less than two years, unless a period of five \r\nyears has elapsed since his release; or \r\n(i) he has been dismissed from the service of Pakistan or service of a corporation \r\nor office set up or  controlled by the Federal Government, Provincial \r\nGovernment or a  Local Government on the ground  of misconduct, unless a \r\nperiod of five years has elapsed since his dismissal; or \r\n(j) he has been removed or compulsorily retired from the service of Pakistan or \r\nservice of a corporation or office set up or controlled by the Federal \r\nGovernment, Provincial Government or a Local Government on the gro und of \r\nmisconduct, unless a period of three years has elapsed since his removal or \r\ncompulsory retirement; or \r\n(k) he has been in the service of Pakistan or of any statutory body or any body \r\nwhich is owned or controlled by the Government or in which the Gove rnment \r\nhas a controlling share or interest, unless a period of two years has elapsed since \r\nhe ceased to be in such service; or \r\n(l) he, whether by himself or by any person or body of persons in trust for him or \r\nfor his benefit or on his account or as a memb er of a Hindu undivided family, \r\nhas any share or interest in a contract, not being a contract between a cooperative \r\nsociety and Government, for the supply of goods to, or for the execution of any \r\ncontract or for the performance of any service undertaken by, Government: \r\n  Provided that the disqualification under this paragraph shall not apply to \r\na person__ \r\n(i) where the share or interest in the contract devolves on him by inheritance \r\nor succession or as a legatee, executor or administrator, until the \r\nexpiration of six months after it has so devolved on him; \r\n(ii) where the contract has been entered into by or on behalf of a public \r\ncompany as defined in the Companies Ordinance, 1984 (XLVII of \r\n1984), of which he is a shareholder but is not a director holding an office \r\nof profit under the company; or \r\n(iii) where he is a member of a Hindu undivided family and the contract has \r\nbeen entered into by any other member of that family in the course of \r\ncarrying on a separate business in which he has no share or interest; \r\n  Explanation.__ In this Article “goods” does not include \r\nagricultural produce or commodity grown or produced by him or such \r\ngoods as he is, under any directive of Government or any law for the \r\n \r\n Page 41 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\ntime being in force, under a duty or obligation to supply; or \r\n(m) he holds any office of profit in the service of Pakistan other than the following \r\noffices, namely :__ \r\n(i) an office which is not whole time office remunerated either by salary or \r\nby fee; \r\n(ii) the office of Lumbardar, whether called by this or any other title; \r\n(iii) the Qaumi Razakars; \r\n(iv) any office the holder whereof, by virtue of such office, is liable to be \r\ncalled up for military training or military service under any law \r\nproviding for the constitution or raising of a Force; or \r\n(n) he has obtained a loan for an amount of two million rupees or more, from any \r\nbank, financial institution, cooperative society or cooperative body in his own \r\nname or in the name  of his spouse or any of his dependents, which remains \r\nunpaid for more than one year fr om the due date, or has got such loan written \r\noff; or \r\n(o) he or his spouse or any of his dependents has defaulted in payment of \r\ngovernment dues and utility expenses, including telephone, electricity, gas and \r\nwater charges in excess of ten thousand rupees, for over six months, at the time \r\nof filing his nomination papers; or \r\n(p) he is for the time being disqualified from being elected or chosen as a member \r\nof the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or of a Provincial Assembly under any law \r\nfor the time being in force. \r\n Explanation.__ For the purposes of this paragraph “law” shall not include \r\nan Ordinance promulgated under Article 89 or Article 128. \r\n (2) If any question arises whether a member of the Majlis -e- Shoora (Parliament) has become \r\ndisqualified from being a member, the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Chairman shall, unless he \r\ndecides that no such question has arisen, refer the question to the Election Commission within thirty \r\ndays and if he fails to do so within the aforesaid period it shall be deemed to have been referred to the \r\nElection Commission. \r\n (3) The Election Commission shall decide the question within ninety days from its receipt or \r\ndeemed to have been received and if it is of the opinion that the member has become disqualified, he \r\nshall cease to be a member and his seat shall become vacant.] \r\n 1[63A. Disqualification on grounds of defection, etc.__ (1)If a member of a Parliamentary \r\nParty composed of a single political party in a House__ \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 22. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 42 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(a) resigns from membership of his political party or joins another Parliamentary \r\nparty; or \r\n(b) votes or abstains from voting in the House contrary to any direction iss ued by \r\nthe Parliamentary Party to which he belongs, in relation to__ \r\n(i) election of the Prime Minister or the Chief Minister; or \r\n(ii) a vote of confidence or a vote of no-confidence; or \r\n(iii) a Money Bill or a Constitution (Amendment) Bill; \r\n \r\nhe may be declared in writing by the Party Head to have defected from the political party, and the \r\nParty Head may forward a copy of the declaration to the Presiding Officer and the Chief Election \r\nCommissioner and shall similarly forward a copy thereof to the member concerned: \r\n \r\n \r\n Provided that before making the declaration, the Party Head shall provide such member with \r\nan opportunity to show cause as to why such declaration may not be made against him. \r\n \r\n \r\n Explanation.__ “Party Head” means any person, by whatever name called, declared as such by \r\nthe Party. \r\n \r\n \r\n (2) A member of a House shall be deemed to be a member of a Parliamentary Party if he, \r\nhaving been elected as a candidate or nominee of a political party which constitutes the Parliamentary \r\nParty in the House or, having been elected otherwise than as a candidate or nominee of a political \r\nparty, has become a member of such Parliamentary Party after such election by means of a declaration \r\nin writing. \r\n \r\n \r\n (3) Upon receipt of the declaration under clause (1), the Presiding Officer of the House shall \r\nwithin two days refer, and in case he fails to do so it shall be deemed that he has referred, the declaration \r\nto the Chief Election Commissioner who shall lay the declaration before the Election Commission for \r\nits decision thereon confirming the declaration or otherwise within thirty days of its receipt by the \r\nChief Election Commissioner. \r\n \r\n \r\n (4) Where the Election Commission confirms the declaration, the member referred to in clause \r\n(1) shall cease to be a member of the House and his seat shall become vacant. \r\n \r\n \r\n (5) Any party aggrieved by the decision of the Election Commission may, within thirty days, \r\nprefer an appeal to the 1[Federal Constitutional] Court which shall decide the matter within ninety days \r\nfrom the date of the filing of the appeal. \r\n \r\n(6) Nothing contained in this Article shall apply to the Chairman or Speaker of a House. \r\n (7) For the purpose of this Article,__ \r\n(a) \"House\" means the National Assembly or the Senate, in relation to the \r\nFederation; and a Provincial Assembly in relation to the Province, as the case \r\nmay be; \r\n(b) \"Presiding Officer\" means the Speaker of the National Assembly, the Chairman \r\nof the Senate or the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly, as the case may be. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 6. \r\n \r\n Page 43 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n (8) Article 63A substituted as aforesaid shall comes into effect from the next general elections \r\nto be held after the commencement of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010: \r\n Provided that till Article 63A substituted as aforesaid comes into effect the provisions of \r\nexisting Article 63A shall remain operative.]. \r\n 64. Vacation of seats. __ (1) A member of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] may, by writing \r\nunder his hand addressed to the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Chairman resign his seat, and \r\nthereupon his seat shall become vacant. \r\n (2) A House may declare the seat of a member vacant if, without leave of the House, he remains \r\nabsent for forty consecutive days of its sittings. \r\n 65. Oath of m embers. A person elected to a House shall not sit or vote until he has made \r\nbefore the House oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. \r\n 66. Privileges of members, etc.__ (1) Subject to the Constitution and to the rules of procedure \r\nof 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)], there shall be freedom of speech in 1[Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament)] and no member shall be liable to any proceedings in any court in respect of anything said \r\nor any vote given by him in 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)], and no person shall be so liable in respect \r\nof the publication by or under the authority of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] of any report, paper, \r\nvotes or proceedings. \r\n (2) In other respects, the powers, immunities and privileges of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)], \r\nand the immunities and privileges of the members of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)], shall be such as \r\nmay from time to time be defined by law and, until so defined, shall be such as wer e, immediately \r\nbefore the commencing day, enjoyed by the National Assembly of Pakistan and the committees thereof \r\nand its members. \r\n Provision may be made by law for the punishment, by a House, of persons who refuse to give \r\nevidence or produce documents before a committee of the House when duly required by the chairman \r\nof the committee so to do: \r\n Provided that any such law__ \r\n(a) may empower a court to punish a person who refuses to give evidence or \r\nproduce documents; and \r\n(b) shall have effect subject to such  Order for safeguarding confidential matters \r\nfrom disclosure as may be made by the President. \r\n (4) The provisions of this Article shall apply to persons who have the right to speak in, and \r\notherwise to take part in the proceedings of, 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] as they apply to members. \r\n (5) In this Article, 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] means either House or a joint sitting, or a \r\ncommittee thereof. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n \r\n Page 44 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nProcedure Generally \r\n 67. Rules of procedure, etc. __ (1) Subject to the Constitution, a House may make rules for \r\nregulating its procedure and the conduct of its business, and shall have power to act notwithstanding \r\nany vacancy in the membership thereof, and any proceedings in the House shall not be invalid on the \r\nground that some persons who were not entitled to do so sat, voted or otherwise took part in the \r\nproceedings. \r\n (2) Until rules are made under clause (1), the procedure and conduct of business in  a House \r\nshall be regulated by the rules of procedure made by the President. \r\n 68. Restriction on discussion in 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)]. No discussion shall take \r\nplace in 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] with respect to the conduct of any Judge of 2[the Federal \r\nConstitutional Court,] the Supreme Court or of a High Court in the discharge of his duties. \r\n 69. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament). __ (1) The \r\nvalidity of any proceedings in 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] shall not be called in question on the \r\nground of any irregularity of procedure. \r\n (2) No officer or member of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora Parliament)] in whom powers are vested by or \r\nunder the Constitution for regulating procedure or the conduct of business, or for maintaining order in \r\n1[Majlis- e-Shoora (Parliament)], shall be subject to the jurisdiction of any court in respect of the \r\nexercise by him of those powers. \r\n (3) In this Article, 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] has the same meaning as in Article 66. \r\nLegislative Procedure \r\n 3[70. Introduction and passing of Bills.__ (1) A Bill with respect to any matter in the Federal \r\nLegislative List may originate in either House and shall, if it is passed by the House in which it \r\noriginated, be transmitted to the other House; and, if the Bill is passed without amendment by the other \r\nHouse also, it shall be presented to the President for assent. \r\n (2) If a Bill transmitted to a House under clause (1) is passed with amendments it shall be sent \r\nback to the House in which it origina ted and if that House passes the Bill with those amendments it \r\nshall be presented to the President for assent. \r\n (3) If a Bill transmitted to a House under clause (1) is rejected or is not passed within ninety \r\ndays of its laying in the House or a Bill sent to a House under clause (2) with amendments is not passed \r\nby that House with such amendments, the Bill, at the request of the House in which it originated, shall \r\nbe considered in a joint sitting and if passed by the votes of the majority of the members pre sent and \r\nvoting in the joint sitting it shall be presented to the President for assent. \r\n (4) In this Article and the succeeding provisions of the Constitution, \"Federal Legislative List\" \r\nmeans the Federal Legislative List in the Fourth Schedule.] \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 7. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 23. \r\n \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 45 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n 71. 1[Omitted] \r\n 72. Procedure at joint sittings.__ (1) The President, after consultation with the Speaker of the \r\nNational Assembly and the Chairman, may make 2rules as to the procedure with respect to the joint \r\nsittings of, and communications between, the two Houses. \r\n (2) At a joint sitting, the Speaker of the National Assembly or, in his absence, such person as \r\nmay be determined by the rules made under clause (1), shall preside. \r\n (3) The rules made under clause (1) shall be laid  before a joint sitting and may be added to, \r\nvaried, amended or replaced at a joint sitting. \r\n (4) Subject to the Constitution, all decisions at a joint sitting shall be taken by the votes of the \r\nmajority of the members present and voting. \r\n 73. Procedure with respect to Money Bills.__ 1[(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in \r\nArticle 70, a Money Bill shall originate in the National Assembly: \r\n Provided that simultaneously when a Money Bill, including the Finance Bill containing the \r\nAnnual Budget Statement, is presented in the National Assembly, a copy thereof shall be transmitted \r\nto the Senate which may, within fourteen days, make recommendations thereon to the National \r\nAssembly.] \r\n 1[(1A) The National Assembly shall consider the recommendations of the Senate and after the \r\nBill has been passed by the  Assembly with or without incorporating the recommend ations of the \r\nSenate, it shall be presented to the President for assent.] \r\n 3*        * * * *          * * \r\n (2) For the purposes of this Chapter, a Bill or amendment shall be deemed to be a Money Bill \r\nif it contains provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters, namely:__ \r\n(a) the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax; \r\n(b) the borrowing of money, or the giving of any guarantee, by the Federal \r\nGovernment, or the amendment of the law relating to the financial obligations \r\nof that Government; \r\n(c) the custody of the Federal Consolidated Fund, the payment of moneys into, or \r\nthe issue of moneys from, that Fund; \r\n(d) the imposition of a charge upon the Federal Consolidated Fund, or the \r\nabolition or alteration of any such charge; \r\n(e) the receipt of moneys on account of the Public Account of the Federation, the \r\ncustody or issue of such moneys; \r\n \r\n \r\n1Omitted, subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), ss. 24-25. \r\n2For the Parliament (Joint Sitting), Rules 1973, see Gaz. of Pak. 1973, Ext. Pt. 11, pp. 1657-1672. \r\n3Omitted as consequence of the (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), see section 2. \r\n \r\n Page 46 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(f) the audit of the accounts of the Federal Government or a Provincial \r\nGovernment; and \r\n(g) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in the preceding paragraphs. \r\n (3) A Bill shall not be deemed to be a Money Bill by reason only that it provides__ \r\n(a) for the imposition or alteration of any fine or other pecuniary penalty, or for the \r\ndemand or payment of a licence fee or a fee or charge for any service rendered; \r\nor \r\n(b) for the imposition, abolition, remission, alterati on or regulation of any tax by \r\nany local authority or body for local purposes. \r\n (4) If any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Speaker of \r\nthe National Assembly thereon shall be final. \r\n (5) Every Money Bill presented t o the President for assent shall bear a certificate under the \r\nhand of the Speaker of the National Assembly that it is a Money Bill, and such certificate shall be \r\nconclusive for all purposes and shall not be called in question. \r\n 74. Federal Government’s consent required for financial measures. A Money Bill, or a Bill \r\nor amendment which if enacted and brought into operation would involve expenditure from the Federal \r\nConsolidated Fund or withdrawal from the Public Account of the Federation or affect the coinage or \r\ncurrency of Pakistan or the const itution or functions of the State Bank of Pakistan shall not be \r\nintroduced or moved in 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] except by or with the consent of the Federal \r\nGovernment. \r\n 1[75. President’s assent to Bills.__ (1) When a Bill is presented to the President for assent, the \r\nPresident shall, within 2[ten] days,__ \r\n(a) assent to the Bill; or \r\n(b) in the case of a Bill other than a Money Bill, return the Bill to the Majlis -e-\r\nShoora (Parliament) with a message requesting that the Bill , or any specified \r\nprovision thereof, be reconsidered and that any amendment specified in the \r\nmessage be considered. \r\n 2[(2) When the President has returned a Bill to the Majlis -e- Shoora (Parliament), it shall be \r\nreconsidered by the Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament) in joint sitting and, if it is again passed, with or \r\nwithout amendment, by the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), by the votes of the majority of the members \r\nof both Houses present and voting, it shall be deemed for the purposes of the Constitution to have been \r\npassed by both Houses and shall be presented to the President, and the President shall give his assent \r\nwithin ten days, failing which such assent shall be deemed to have been given.] \r\n (3) When the President has assented 2[or is deemed to have assented] to a Bill, it shall become \r\nlaw and be called an Act of Majlis-e- Shoora (Parliament). \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n2Subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 26. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 47 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n (4) No Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), and no provision in any such Act, shall be invalid \r\nby reason only that some recommendation, previous sanction or consent required by the Constitution \r\nwas not given if that Act was assented to in accordance with the Constitution.] \r\n 76. Bill not to lapse on prorogation, etc.__ (1) A Bill pending in either House shall not lapse \r\nby reason of the prorogation of the House. \r\n (2) A Bill pending in the Senate which has not been passed by the National Assembly shall not \r\nlapse on the dissolution of the National Assembly. \r\n (3) A Bill pending in the National Assembly, or a Bill which having been passed by the \r\nNational Assembly is pending in the Senate, shall lapse on the dissolution of the National Assembly. \r\n 77. Tax to be levied by law only.  No tax shall be levied for the purposes of the Federation \r\nexcept by or under the authority of Act of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)]. \r\nFinancial Procedure \r\n 78. Federal Consolidated Fund and Public Account .__ (1) All revenues received by the \r\nFederal Government, all loans raised by that Government, and all moneys received by it in repayment \r\nof any loan, shall form part of a consolidated fund, to be known as the Federal Consolidated Fund. \r\n (2) All other moneys— \r\n(a) received by or on behalf of the Federal Government; or \r\n(b) received by or deposited with 2[the Federal Constitutional Court,] the Supreme \r\nCourt or any other court established under the authority of the Federation; \r\n shall be credited to the Public Account of the Federation. \r\n 79. Custody, etc., of Federal Consolidated Fund and Public Account. The custody of the \r\nFederal Consolidated Fund, the payment of moneys into that Fund, the withdrawal of moneys \r\ntherefrom, the custody of other moneys received by or on behalf of the Federal Government, their \r\npayment into, and withdrawal from, the Public Account of the Federation, and all matters connected \r\nwith or ancillary to the matters aforesaid, shall be regulated by Act of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] \r\nor, until provision in that behalf is so made, by rules made by the President. \r\n 80. Annual Budget Statement. __ (1) The Federal Government shall, in respect of every \r\nfinancial year, cause to be laid before the National Assembly a statement of the estimated receipt and \r\nexpenditure of the Federal Governme nt for that year, in this Part referred to as the Annual Budget \r\nStatement. \r\n (2) The Annual Budget Statement shall show separately__ \r\n(a) the sums required to meet expenditure described by the Constitution as \r\nexpenditure charged upon the Federal Consolidated Fund; and \r\n(b) the sums required to meet other expenditure proposed to be made from the \r\nFederal Consolidated Fund; \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 8. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 48 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nand shall distinguish expenditure on revenue account from other expenditure. \r\n \r\n 81. Expenditure charged upon Federal Consolidated Fund. The following expenditure shall \r\nbe expenditure charged upon the Federal Consolidated Fund:__ \r\n \r\n(a) the remuneration payable to the President and other expenditure relating to his \r\noffice, and the remuneration payable to__ \r\n \r\n(i) the   Judges  of 1[the Federal Constitutional Court,] the Supreme Court \r\n2[and the Islamabad High Court]; \r\n \r\n(ii) the Chief Election Commissioner; \r\n \r\n(iii) the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman; \r\n \r\n(iv) the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly; \r\n \r\n(v) the Auditor-General; \r\n \r\n2[(b)  the administrative expenses, including the remuneration payable to officers and \r\n3[staff], of 1[the Federal Constitutional Court,] the 4[Supreme Court, the Judicial \r\nCommission of Pakistan, the Supreme Judicial Council]  the Islamabad High \r\nCourt, the department of the Auditor-General, the Office of the Chief Election \r\nCommissioner and of the Election Commission and the Secretariats of the \r\nSenate and the National Assembly;] \r\n(c) all debt charges for which the Federal Government is liable, including interest, \r\nsinking fund charges, the repayment or amortisation of capital, and other \r\nexpenditure in connection with the raising of loans, and the service and \r\nredemption of debt on the security of the Federal Consolidated Fund; \r\n(d) any sums required to satisfy any judg ement, decree or award against Pakistan \r\nby any court or tribunal; 4[*] \r\n4[(da)  any sums required to organize and conduct elections to the National Assembly, \r\nSenate, Provincial Assemblies and the local governments; and] \r\n(e) any other sums declared by the Constitution or by Act of  5[Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament)] to be so charged. \r\n \r\n 82. Procedure relating to Annual Budget Statement. __ (1) So much of the Annual Budget \r\nStatement as relates to expenditure charged upon the Federal Consolidated Fund may be discussed in, \r\nbut shall not be submitted to the vote of, the National Assembly. \r\n \r\n \r\n (2) So much of the Annual Budget Statement as relates to other expenditure shall be submitted \r\nto the National Assembly in the form of demands for grants, and the Assembly shall have power to \r\nassent to, or to refuse to assent to, any demand, or to assent to any demand subject to a reduction of \r\nthe amount specified therein: \r\n \r\n Provided that, for a period of ten years from the commencing day or the holding of the second \r\ngeneral election to the National Assembly, whichever occurs later, a demand shall be deemed to have \r\nbeen assented to without any reduction of the amount specified therein, unless, by the votes of a \r\nmajority of the total membership of the Assembly, it is refused or assented to subject to a reduction of \r\nthe amount specified therein. \r\n \r\n1Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 9. \r\n2Added and subs. by the Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 2011 (Act No. I of 2011) s. 2. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (Act No. XXV of 2016), s. 2. \r\n4Subs., omitted and ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-six Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024, s. 5. \r\n5Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n \r\n Page 49 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n (3) No demand for a grant shall be made except on the recommendation of the Federal \r\nGovernment. \r\n 83. Authentication of schedule of authorised expenditure.__ (1) The Prime Minister shall \r\nauthenticate by his signature a schedule specifying__ \r\n(a) the grants made or deemed to have been made by the National Assembly under \r\nArticle 82; and \r\n(b) the several sums required to meet the expenditure charged upon the Federal \r\nConsolidated Fund but not exceeding, in the case of any sum, the sum shown in \r\nthe statement previously laid before the National Assembly. \r\n (2) The schedule so authenticated shall be laid before the National Assembly, but shall not be \r\nopen to discussion or vote thereon. \r\n (3) Subject to the Constitution, no expenditure from the Federal Consolidated Fund shall be \r\ndeemed to be duly authorised unless it is specified in the schedule so authenticated and such schedule \r\nis laid before the National Assembly as required by clause (2). \r\n 84. Supplementary and excess grants. If in respect of any financial year it is found__ \r\n(a) that the amount authorized to be expended for a particular service for the current \r\nfinancial year is insufficient, or that a need has arisen for expenditure upon some \r\nnew service not included in the Annual Budget Statement for that year; or \r\n(b) that any money has been spent on any service during a financial year in excess \r\nof the amount granted for that service for that year; \r\nthe Federal Government shall have power to authorize expenditure from th e Federal \r\nConsolidated Fund, whether the expenditure is charged by the Constitution upon that Fund or \r\nnot, and shall cause to be laid before the National Assembly a Supplementary Budget Statement \r\nor, as the case may be, an Excess Budget Statement, setting out the amount of that expenditure, \r\nand the provisions of Articles 80 to 83 shall apply to those statements as they apply to the \r\nAnnual Budget Statement. \r\n 85. Votes on account. Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions relating \r\nto financial matters, the National Assembly shall have power to make any grant in advance in respect \r\nof the estimated expenditure for a part of any financial year, not exceeding four months, pending \r\ncompletion of the procedure prescribed in Article 82 for the voting of such grant and the authentication \r\nof the schedule of authorized expenditure in accordance with the provisions of Article 83 in relation \r\nto the expenditure. \r\n 86. Power to authorize expenditure when Assembly stands dissolved . Notwithstanding \r\nanything contained in the foregoing provisions relating to financial matters, at any time when the \r\nNational Assembly stands dissolved, the Federal Government may authorize expenditure from the \r\nFederal Consolidated Fund in respect of the estimated expenditure for a period not exceeding four \r\nmonths in any financial year, pending completion of the procedure prescribed in Article 82 for the \r\nvoting of grants and the authentication of the schedule of authorized expenditure in accordance with \r\nthe provisions of Article 83 in relation to the expenditure. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 50 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n 87. Secretariats of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)].__ (1) Each House shall have a separate \r\nSecretariat: \r\n Provided that nothing in this clause shall be construed as preventing the creation of posts \r\ncommon to both Houses. \r\n (2) 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] may by law regulate the recruitment and the conditions of \r\nservice of persons appointed to the secretarial staff of either House. \r\n (3) Until provision is made by 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] under clause (2), the Speak er \r\nor, as the case may be, the Chairman may, with the approval of the President, make rules 2 regulating \r\nthe recruitment, and the conditions of service, of persons appointed to the secretarial staff of the \r\nNational Assembly or the Senate. \r\n 88. Finance Commi ttees.__ (1) The expenditure of the National Assembly and the Senate \r\nwithin authorised appropriations shall be controlled by the National Assembly or, as the case may be, \r\nthe Senate acting on the advice of its Finance Committee. \r\n (2) The Finance Committee shall consist of the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Chairman, \r\nthe Minister of Finance and such other members as may be elected thereto by the National Assembly \r\nor, as the case may be, the Senate. \r\n (3) The Finance Committee may make rules3 for regulating its procedure. \r\nOrdinances \r\n 89. Power of President to promulgate Ordinances. __ (1) The President may, except when \r\nthe 4[Senate or] National Assembly is in session, if satisfied that circumstances exist which render it \r\nnecessary to take immediate action, make and promulgate an Ordinance as the circumstances may \r\nrequire. \r\n (2) An Ordinance promulgated under this Article shall have the same force and effect as an Act \r\nof 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] and shall be subject to like restrictions as the power of 1[Majlis-e-\r\nShoora (Parliament)] to make law, but every such Ordinance__ \r\n(a) shall be laid__ \r\n(i) before the National Assembly if it 5[contains provisions dealing with all \r\nor any of the matters specified in clause (2) of Article 73], and shall \r\nstand repealed at the expiration of 4[one hundred and twenty days] from \r\nits promulgation or, if before the expiration of that period a resolution \r\ndisapproving it is passed by the Assembly, upon the passing of that \r\nresolution 4[:] \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n2For the National Assembly Secretariat (Recruitment) Rules, 1973, see Gaz. of Pak. 1973, Ext., Part-II. pp. 2279-2286. \r\nFor the Senate Secretariat (Recruitment) Rules. 1973, see ibid., pp. 2301-2307. \r\n3For the National Assembly (Finance Committee) Rules, 1973, see Gaz. of Pak., 1973. Ext., Part II, pp. 2451- 2454. \r\nFor the Senate (Finance Committee) Rules, 1973, see ibid., pp. 2479-2482. \r\n4Ins. and subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 27. \r\n5Subs. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1985 (P.O. No.20 of 1985), Art. 2. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 51 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n 1[Provided that the National Assembly may by a resolution \r\nextend the Ordinance for a further period of one hundred and twenty \r\ndays and it shall stand repealed at the expiration of the extended period, \r\nor if before the expiration of that period a resolution disapproving it is \r\npassed by the Assembly, upon the passing of that resolution: \r\n Provided further that extension for further period may be made \r\nonly once.] \r\n(ii) before both Houses if it 2[does not contain provisions dealing with any \r\nof the matters referred to in sub-paragraph (i)], and shall stand repealed \r\nat the expiration of 1[one hundred and twenty days] from its \r\npromulgation or, if before the expiration of that period a resolution \r\ndisapproving it is passed by either House, upon the passing of that \r\nresolution 1[:] \r\n 1[Provided that either House may by a resolution extend it for a \r\nfurther period of one hundred and twenty days and it shall stand repealed \r\nat the expiration of the extended period, or if before the expiration of \r\nthat period a resolution disappr oving it is passed by a House, upon the \r\npassing of that resolution: \r\n Provided further that extension for a further period may be made \r\nonly once; and] \r\n(b) may be withdrawn at any time by the President. \r\n 1[(3) without prejudice to the provisions of clause (2),__ \r\n(a) an Ordinance laid before t he National Assembly under sub -paragraph (i) of \r\nparagraph (a) of clause (2) shall be deemed to be a Bill introduced in the \r\nNational Assembly; and \r\n(b) an Ordinance laid before both Houses under sub-paragraph (ii) of paragraph (a) \r\nof clause (2) shall be deemed to be a Bill introduced in the House where it was \r\nfirst laid.] \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Ins. and subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 27. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1985 (P.O. No.20 of 1985), Art. 2. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 52 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nCHAPTER 3 \r\nTHE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT \r\n 1[ 2[90. The Federal Government.__ (1) Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority of \r\nthe Federation shall be exercised in the name of the President by the Federal Government, consisting \r\nof the Prime Minister and the Federal Ministers, which shall act through the Prime Minister, who shall \r\nbe the chief executive of the Federation. \r\n (2) In the performance of his functions under the Constitution, the Prime Minister may act \r\neither directly or through the Federal Ministers.] \r\n 2[91. The Cabinet.__ (1) There shall be a Cabinet of Ministers, with the Prime Minister at its \r\nhead, to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions. \r\n (2) The National Assembly shall meet on the twenty -first day following the day on which a \r\ngeneral election to the Assembly is held, unless sooner summoned by the President. \r\n (3) After the election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, the National Assembly shall, to \r\nthe exclusion of any other business, proceed to elect without debate one of its Muslim members to be \r\nthe Prime Minister. \r\n (4) The Prime Minister shall be elected by the votes of the majority of the total membership of \r\nthe National Assembly: \r\n Provided that, if no member secures such majority in the first poll, a second poll shall be held \r\nbetween the members who secure the two highest numbers of votes in the first poll and the member \r\nwho secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting shall be declared to have been  \r\nelected as Prime Minister: \r\n Provided further that, if the number of votes secured by two or more members securing the \r\nhighest number of votes is equal, further poll shall be held between them until one of them secures a \r\nmajority of votes of the members present and voting. \r\n (5) The member elected under clause (4) shall be called upon by the President to assume the \r\noffice of Prime Minister and he shall, before entering upon the office, make before the President oath \r\nin the form set out in the Third Schedule: \r\n Provided that there shall be no restriction on the number of terms for the office of the Prime \r\nMinister. \r\n (6) The Cabinet, together with the Ministers of State, shall be collectively responsible to the \r\nSenate and the National Assembly. \r\n (7) The Prime Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the President, but the President \r\nshall not exercise his powers under this clause unless he is satisfied that the Prime Minister does not \r\ncommand the confidence of the majority of the members of the National Assembly, in which case he \r\nshall summon the National Assembly and require the Prime Minister to obtain a vote of confidence \r\nfrom the Assembly. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), ss. 28-29. \r\n \r\n Page 53 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n (8) The Prime Minister may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his \r\noffice. \r\n (9) A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a me mber of the National \r\nAssembly shall, at the expiration of that period, cease to be a Minister and shall not before the \r\ndissolution of that Assembly be again appointed a Minister unless he is elected a member of that \r\nAssembly: \r\n Provided that nothing contained in this clause shall apply to a Minister who is member of the \r\nSenate. \r\n (10) Nothing contained in this Article shall be construed as disqualifying the Prime Minister \r\nor any other Minister or a Minister of State for continuing in office during any period during which \r\nthe National Assembly stands dissolved, or as preventing the appointment of any person as Prime \r\nMinister or other Minister or a Minister of State during any such period.] \r\n 92. Federal Ministers and Ministers of State .__ (1) Subject to clauses 1[(9) and (10) ] of \r\nArticle 91, the President shall appoint Federal Ministers and Ministers of State from amongst the \r\nmembers of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) on the advice of the Prime Minister : \r\n Provided that the number of Federal Ministers and Ministers of State who are members of the \r\nSenate shall not at any time exceed one-fourth of the number of Federal Ministers 1[:] \r\n 1[Provided further that the total strength of the Cabinet, including Ministers of State, shall not \r\nexceed a eleven percent of the total membership of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament): \r\n Provided also that the aforesaid amendment shall be effective from the next general election \r\nheld after the commencement of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010.] \r\n (2) Before entering upon office, a Federal Minister or Minister of State shall make before the \r\nPresident oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. \r\n (3) A Federal Minister or Minister of State may, by writing under his hand addressed to the \r\nPresident, resign his office or may be removed from office by the President on the advice of the Prime \r\nMinister. \r\n 93. Advisers.__ (1) The President may, on the advice of the Prime Minis ter, appoint not more \r\nthan 2[seven] Advisers, on such terms and conditions as he may determine. \r\n (2) The provisions of Article 57 shall also apply to an Adviser. \r\n 94. Prime Minister continuing in office.  The President may ask the Prime Minister to \r\ncontinue to hold office until his successor enters upon the office of Prime Minister. \r\n 95. Vote of no -confidence against Prime Minister. __ (1)   A resolution for a vote of no -\r\nconfidence moved by not less than twenty per centum of the total membership of the National \r\nAssembly may be passed against the Prime Minister by the National Assembly. \r\n \r\n1Subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 30. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 10. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 54 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n (2) A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be voted upon before the expiration of three \r\ndays, or later than seven days, from the day on which such resolution is moved in the National \r\nAssembly. \r\n (3) A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be moved in the National Assembly while \r\nthe National As sembly is considering demands for grants submitted to it in the Annual Budget \r\nStatement. \r\n \r\n (4) If the resolution referred to in clause (1) is passed by a majority of the total membership of \r\nthe National Assembly, the Prime Minister shall cease to hold office.] \r\n 96. 1[Omitted]  \r\n96A. [Referendum as to confidence in Prime Minister] It cease to be in force on the 30 th \r\nSeptember, 1977 by the Constitution (Seventh Amdt.) Act, 1977 (23 of 1977), s.1(3) and previously ins. \r\nby Act 23 of 1977, s.2, and come into force on 16th May, 1977. \r\n 97. Extent of executive authority of Federation.  Subject to the Constitution, the executive \r\nauthority of the F ederation shall extend to the matters with respect to which 2[Majlis-e- Shoora \r\n(Parliament)] has power to make laws, including exercise of rights, authority and jurisdiction in and in \r\nrelation to areas outside Pakistan: \r\n Provided that the said authority shall not, save as expressly provided in the Constitution or in \r\nany law made by 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)], extend in any Province to a matter with respect to \r\nwhich the Provincial Assembly has also power to make laws. \r\n 98. Conferring of functions on subordinate authorities.  On the recommendation of the \r\nFederal Government, 2[Majlis-e- Shoora (Parliament)] may by law confer functions upon officers or \r\nauthorities subordinate to the Federal Government. \r\n 2[99. Conduct of business of Federal Government.__ (1) All executive actions of the Federal \r\nGovernment shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the President. \r\n (2) The 3[Federal Government] shall by rules specify the manner in which orders and other \r\ninstruments made and executed 3[in the name of the President] shall be authenticated, and the validity \r\nof any order or instrument so authenticated shall not be questioned in any court on the  ground that it \r\nwas not made or executed by the President. \r\n 3[(3) The Federal Government shall also make rules for the allocation and transaction of its \r\nbusiness.]] \r\n 100. Attorney-General for Pakistan.__ (1) The President shall appoint a person, being a \r\nperson qualified to be appointed a Judge of the 4[Federal Constitutional] Court, to be the Attorney -\r\nGeneral for Pakistan. \r\n (2) The Attorney-General shall hold office during the pleasure of the President 3[and shall not \r\nengage in private practice so long as he holds the office of the Attorney-General]. \r\n \r\n1Omitted by substitution through re-numbering by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O.No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O.No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n3Subs. and added by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), ss. 31-32. \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 11. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 55 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n (3) It shall be the duty of the Attorney-General to give advice to the Federal Government upon \r\nsuch legal matters, and to perform such other duties of a legal character, as may be referred or assigned \r\nto him by the Federal  Government, and in the performance of his duties he shall have the right of \r\naudience in all courts and tribunals in Pakistan. \r\n (4) The Attorney-General may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his \r\noffice. \r\nPART IV \r\nPROVINCES \r\nCHAPTER 1. – THE GOVERNORS \r\n 101. Appointment of Governor. __ 1[(1) There shall be a Governor for each Province, who \r\nshall be appointed by the President on the advise of the Prime Minister.] \r\n (2) A person shall not be appointed a Governor unless he is qualified to be elected as a member \r\nof the National Assembly and is not less than thirty -five years of age 2[and is a registered voter and \r\nresident of the Province concerned.] 3[:] \r\n 4[* * * * * * *] \r\n 4[(2A) * * * * * * *] \r\n (3) The Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President 5[and shall be entitled \r\nto such salary, allowances and privileges as the President may determine]. \r\n (4) The Governor may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office. \r\n 6[(5) The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions \r\nof a Governor 7[in any contingency not provided for in this Part]. \r\n 102. Oath of Office.  Before entering upon office, the Gov ernor shall make before the Chief \r\nJustice of the High Court oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. \r\n 103. Conditions of Governor’s office. __ (1) The Governor shall not hold any office of profit \r\nin the service of Pakistan or occupy any other position carrying the right to remuneration for the \r\nrendering of services. \r\n (2) The Governor shall not be a candidate for election as a member of 8[Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament)] or a Provincial Assembly and, if a member of 8[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] o r a \r\nProvincial Assembly is appointed as Governor, his seat in 8[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] or, as the \r\ncase may be, the Provincial Assembly shall become vacant on the day he enters upon his office. \r\n \r\n1Subs. and added by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 33. \r\n2Added ibid. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act. 1976 (Act No. LXII of 1976), s. 2. \r\n4Omitted by the Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (Act No. XVIII of 1985), s. 11. \r\n5Added by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s. 6, (w.e.f. the 4th May, 1974). \r\n6Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n7Added by constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act (Act No. XVIII of 1985), s. 11. \r\n8Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n \r\n Page 56 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n 1[104. Speaker Provincial Assembly to act as, or perform functions of Governor in his \r\nabsence.__ When the Governor, by reason of absence from Pakistan or for any other cause, is unable \r\nto perform his functions, the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly and in his absence any other person \r\nas the President may nominate shall perform the function s of Governor until the Governor returns to \r\nPakistan or, as the case may be, resumes his functions.] \r\n  2[105. Governor to act on advice, etc. __ (1)   Subject to the Constitution, in the performance \r\nof his functions, the Governor shall act 3[on and] in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet, 4[or the \r\nChief Minister]: \r\n 4[Provided that 3[within fifteen days] the Governor may require the Cabinet or, as the case may \r\nbe, the Chief Minister to reconsider such advice, whether generally or otherwise, and the Governor \r\nshall 3[, within ten days,] act in accordance with the advice tendered after such reconsideration.] \r\n 5[* * * * * * *] \r\n (2) The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered to the Governor by the Chief \r\nMinister 6[or the Cabinet] shall not be inquired into in, or by, any court, tribunal or other authority. \r\n 7[(3) Where th e Governor dissolves the Provincial Assembly, notwithstanding anything \r\ncontained in clause (1), he shall,__ \r\n(a) appoint a date, not later than ninety days from the date of dissolution, for the \r\nholding of a general election to the Assembly; and \r\n(b) appoint a care-taker Cabinet 8[in accordance with the provisions of Article 224 \r\nor, as the case may be, Article 224A]] \r\n 9[* * * * * * *] \r\n (5) The provisions of clause 10[(2)] of Article 48 shall have effect in relation to a Gover nor as \r\nif reference therein to “President” were reference to “Governor”.] \r\nCHAPTER 2 \r\nPROVINCIAL ASSEMBLIES \r\n 11[106. Constitution of Provincial Assemblies.__ (1) Each Provincial Assembly shall consist \r\nof general seats and seats reserved for women and non-Muslims as specified herein below:__ \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 34. \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P. O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 35. \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act. 1985 (Act No. XVIII of 1985), s. 12. \r\n5Ommited. by the Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act. 1985 (Act No. XVIII of 1985), s. 12. \r\n6Subs. by the Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act. 1985 (Act No. XVIII of 1985), s. 12. \r\n7Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010) s, 35. \r\n8Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 12. \r\n9Ommited. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010) s. 35. \r\n10Subs. by the Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act. 1985 (Act No. XVIII of 1985) s. 12. \r\n11Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 36, and shall be deemed always to have been so, substituted with \r\neffect from 21st day of August, 2002. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 57 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n                          General seats Women Non-Muslims Total \r\nBalochistan 51 11 3 65 \r\n1[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 115 26 4 145] \r\nPunjab 297 66 8 371 \r\nSindh 130 29 9 168 \r\n 2[* * * * * * *] \r\n (2) A person shall be entitled to vote if__ \r\n(a) he is a citizen of Pakistan; \r\n(b) he is not less than eighteen years of age; \r\n(c) his name appears on the electoral roll for any area in the Province; and \r\n(d) he is not declared by a competent court to be of unsound mind. \r\n (3) For the purpose of election to a Provincial Assembly,__ \r\n(a) the constituencies for the general seats shall be single member territorial \r\nconstituencies and the members to fill such seats shall be elected by direct and free \r\nvote; \r\n(b) each Province shall be a single constituency for all seats reserved for women and \r\nnon-Muslims allocated to the respective Provinces under clause (1); \r\n(c) the members to fill seats reserved for women and non - Muslims allocated to a \r\nProvince under clause (1) shall be elected in accordance with law through \r\nproportional representation system of political parties’ lists of candidates on the \r\nbasis of the total number of general seats secured by each p olitical party in the \r\nProvincial Assembly: \r\n Provided that for the purpose of this sub-clause, the total number of general seats won by a political \r\nparty shall include the independent returned candidate or candidates who may duly join such political party \r\nwithin three days of the publication in the official Gazette of the names of the returned candidates.] \r\n 107. Duration of Provincial Assembly.  A Provincial Assembly shall, unless sooner dissolved, \r\ncontinue for a term of five years from the day of its first meeting and shall stand dissolved at the expiration \r\nof its term. \r\n \r\n1Subs. and Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2018 (Act No. XXXVII of 2018) s. 6. w.e.f. 31-05-2018. \r\n2Clauses (1A) and (1B) ins. under s. 6 of Act No. 37 of 2018, after merger of former FATA areas in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and effective for election of \r\nmembers from that areas within one year after general elections, 2018 stood omitted after their election.   \r\n \r\n Page 58 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n 108. Speaker and Deputy Speaker. After a general election, a Provincial Assembly shall, at \r\nits first meeting and to the exclusion of any other business, elect from amongst its members a Speaker \r\nand a Deputy Speaker and, so often as the office of Speaker or Deputy Speaker becomes vacant, the \r\nAssembly shall elect another member as Speaker or, as the case may be, Deputy Speaker. \r\n 109. Summoning and prorogation of Provincial Assembly. The Governor may from time to \r\ntime__ \r\n(a) summon the Provincial Assembly to meet at such time and place as he thinks \r\nfit; and \r\n \r\n(b) prorogue the Provincial Assembly. \r\n \r\n 110. Right of Governor to address Provincial Assembly. The Governor may address the \r\nProvincial Assembly and may for that purpose require the attendance of the members. \r\n 111. Right to speak in Provincial Assembly.  The Advocate -General 1[and an Advisor \r\nappointed under clause (11) of Article 130] shall have the right to speak and otherwise take part in the \r\nproceedings of the Provincial Assembly or any committee thereof of which he may be named a \r\nmember, but shall not by virtue of this Article be entitled to vote. \r\n 2[112. Dissolution of Provincial Assembly. __ (1) The Governor shall dissolve the Provincial \r\nAssembly if so advised by the Chief Minister; and the Provincial Assembly shall, unless sooner \r\ndissolved, stand dissolved at the expiration of forty-eight hours after the Chief Minister has so advised. \r\n Explanation.__ Reference in this Article to ‘Chief Minister’ shall not be construed to include \r\nreference to a Chief Minister against whom a notice of a resolution for a vote of no -confidence has \r\nbeen given in the Provincial Assembly but has not been voted upon or against whom a resolution for \r\na vote of no-confidence has been passed. \r\n (2) The Governor may also dissolve the Provincial Assembly in his discretion, but subject to \r\nthe previous approval of the President, where a vote of no-confidence having been passed against the \r\nChief Minister, no other member of the Provincial Assembly commands the confidence of the majority \r\nof the members of the Provincial Assembly in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, as \r\nascertained in a session of the Provincial Assembly summoned for the purpose.] \r\n 3[113. Qualifications and disqualifications for membership of Provincial Assembly. The \r\nqualifications and disqualifications for membership of  the National Assembly set out in Articles 62 \r\nand 63 shall also apply for membership of a Provincial Assem bly as if reference therein to “National \r\nAssembly” were a reference to “Provincial Assembly”.] \r\n 114. Restriction on discussion in Provincial Assembly.  No discussion shall take place in a \r\nProvincial Assembly with respect to the conduct of any Judge of 4[the Federal Constitutional Court,] \r\nthe Supreme Court or of a High Court in the discharge of his duties. \r\n 115. Provincial Government’s consent required for financial measures.__ (1) A Money Bill, \r\nor a Bill or amendment which if enacted and brought into operation would involve expenditure from \r\nthe Provincial Consolidated Fund or withdrawal from the Public Account of the Province shall not be \r\nintroduced or moved in the Provincial Assembly except by or with the consent of the Provincial \r\nGovernment. \r\n1Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 6. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 37. \r\n3Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P. O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n4Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 13. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 59 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n (2) For the purposes of this Article, a Bill or amendment shall be deemed to be a Money Bill if \r\nit contains provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters, namely:__ \r\n(a) the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax; \r\n(b) the borrowing of money, or the giving of any guarantee, by the Provincial \r\nGovernment or the amendment of the law relating to the financial obligations \r\nof that Government; \r\n(c) the custody of the Provincial Consolidated Fund, the payment of moneys into, \r\nor issue of moneys from, that Fund; \r\n(d) the imposition of a charge upon the Provincial Consolidated Fund, or the \r\nabolition or alteration of any such charge; \r\n(e) the receipt of moneys on account of the Public Account of the Province, the \r\ncustody or issue of such moneys; and \r\n(f) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in the preceding paragraphs. \r\n (3) A Bill shall not be deemed to be a Money Bill by reason only that it provides__ \r\n(a) for the imposition or alteration of any fine or other pecuniary penalty or for the \r\ndemand or payment of a licence fee or a fee or charge for any service rendered; \r\nor \r\n(b) for the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax by \r\nany local authority or body for local purposes. \r\n (4) If any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Speaker of \r\nthe Provincial Assembly thereon shall be final. \r\n (5) Every Money Bill presented to the Governor for assent shall be ar a certificate under the \r\nhand of the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly that it is a Money Bill and such certificate shall be \r\nconclusive for all purposes and shall not be called in question. \r\n 1[116. Governor’s assent to Bills. __ (1) When a Bill has been passed by the Provincial \r\nAssembly, it shall be presented to the Governor for assent. \r\n (2) When a Bill is presented to the Governor for assent, the Governor shall, within 2[ten] days,__ \r\n(a) assent to the Bill; or \r\n(b) in the case of a Bill other than a Money  Bill, return the Bill to the Provincial \r\nAssembly with a message requesting that the Bill, or any specified provision \r\nthereof, be reconsidered and that any amendment specified in the message be \r\nconsidered. \r\n 3[(3) When the Governor has returned a Bill to the Provincial Assembly, it shall be reconsidered \r\nby the Provincial Assembly and, if it is again passed, with or without amendment,  by  the  Provincial  \r\n1Subs. by Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P. O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 38. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (Act No. XVIII of 1985), s. 15. \r\n \r\n Page 60 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nAssembly, by the votes of the majority of the members of the Provincial Assembly present and voting, \r\nit shall be again presented to the Governor and the Governor shall 1[give his assent within ten days, \r\nfailing which such assent shall be deemed to have been given]. \r\n (4) When the Governor has assented 2[or is deemed to have assented] to a Bill it shall become \r\nlaw and be called an Act of Provincial Assembly. \r\n (5) No Act of a Provincial Assembly, and no provision in any such Act, shall be invalid by \r\nreason only that some recommendation, previous sanction or consent required by the Constitution was \r\nnot given if that Act was assented to in accordance with the Constitution.] \r\n 117. Bill not to lapse on prorogation, etc.__ (1) A Bill pending in a Provincial Assembly shall \r\nnot lapse by reason of the prorogation of the Assembly. \r\n (2) A Bill pending in a Provincial Assembly shall lapse on the dissolution of the Assembly. \r\nFinancial Procedure \r\n 118. Provincial Consolidated Fund and Public Account. __ (1) All revenues received by the \r\nProvincial Government, all loans raised by that Government, and a ll moneys received by it in \r\nrepayment of any loan, shall form part of a consolidated fund, to be known as the Provincial \r\nConsolidated Fund. \r\n (2) All other moneys__ \r\n(a) received by or on behalf of the Provincial Government; or \r\n(b) received by or deposited with the High Court or any other court established \r\nunder the authority of the Province; \r\nshall be credited to the Public Account of the Province. \r\n 119. Custody, etc., of Provincial Consolidated Fund and Public Account.  The custody of \r\nthe Provincial Consolidated Fund, the payment of moneys into that Fund, the withdrawal of moneys \r\ntherefrom, the custody of other moneys received by or on behalf of the Provincial Government, their \r\npayment into, and withdrawal from the Public Account of the Province, and all matters connected with \r\nor ancillary to the matters aforesaid, shall be regulated by Act of the Provincial Assembly or, until \r\nprovision in that behalf is so made, by rules made by the Governor. \r\n 120. Annual Budget Statement. __ (1) The Provincial Government shall, in respect of every \r\nfinancial year, cause to be laid before the Provincial Assembly a statement of the estimated receipts \r\nand expenditure of the Provincial Government for that year, in this Chapter referred to as the An nual \r\nBudget Statement. \r\n (2) The Annual Budget Statement shall show separately__ \r\n(a) the sums required to meet expenditure described by the constitution as \r\nexpenditure charged upon the Provincial Consolidated Fund; and \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 38. \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 38. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 61 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(b) the sums required to meet other expenditure proposed to be made from the \r\nProvincial Consolidated Fund; \r\nand shall distinguish expenditure on revenue account from other expenditure. \r\n 121. Expenditure charged upon Provincial Consolidated Fund. The following expenditure \r\nshall be expenditure charged upon the Provincial Consolidated Fund:__ \r\n(a) the remuneration payable to the Governor and other expenditure relating to his \r\noffice, and the remuneration payable to__ \r\n(i) the Judges of the High Court; and \r\n(ii) the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Provincial Assembly; \r\n(b) the administrative expenses, including the remuneration payable to officers and \r\nservants, of the High Court and the Secretariat of the Provincial Assembly; \r\n(c) all debt charges for which the Provincial Government is liable, including \r\ninterest, sinking fund charges, the repayment or amortisation of capital, and \r\nother expenditure in connection with the raising of loans, and the service and \r\nredemption of debt on the security of the Provincial Consolidated Fund; \r\n(d) any sums required to satisfy any judgement, decree or award against the \r\nProvince by any court or tribunal; and \r\n(e) any other sums declared by the Constitution or by Act of the Provincial \r\nAssembly to be so charged. \r\n 122. Procedure relating to Annual Budget Statement. __ (1) So much of the Annual Budget \r\nStatement as relates to expenditure charged upon the Provincial Consolidated Fund may be discussed \r\nin, but shall not be submitted to the vote of, the Provincial Assembly. \r\n (2) So much of the Annual Budget Statement as relates to other expenditure shall be submitted \r\nto the Provincial Assembly in the form of demands for grants, and that Assembly shall have power to \r\nassent to, or to refuse to assent to, any demand, or to assent to any demand subject to a reduction of \r\nthe amount specified therein: \r\n 1[* * * * * * *] \r\n (3) No demand for a grant shall be made except on the recommendation of the Provincial \r\nGovernment. \r\n123. Authentication of schedule of authorized expenditure. __ (1) The Chief Minister shall \r\nauthenticate by his signature a schedule specifying__ \r\n(a) the grants made or deemed to have been made by the Provincial Assembly under \r\nArticle 122, and \r\n \r\n \r\n1Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s.39. \r\n \r\n Page 62 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(b) the several sums required to meet the expenditure charged upon the Provincial \r\nConsolidated Fund but not exceeding, in the case of any sum, the sum shown in \r\nthe statement previously laid before the Assembly. \r\n (2) The schedule so authenticated shall be laid before the Provincial Assembly, but shall not \r\nbe open to discussion or vote thereon. \r\n (3) Subject to the Constitution, no expenditure from the Provincial Consolidated Fund shall be \r\ndeemed to be duly authorized unless it is specified in the schedule so authenticated and such schedule \r\nis laid before the Provincial Assembly as required by clause (2). \r\n 124. Supplementary and excess grant. If in respect of any financial year it is found__ \r\n(a) that the amount authorized to be expended for a particular service for the current \r\nfinancial year is insufficient, or that a need has arisen for expenditure upon some \r\nnew service not included in the Annual Budget Statement for that year; or \r\n(b) that any money has been spent on any service during a financial year in excess \r\nof the amount granted for that service for that year; \r\n the Provincial Government shall have power to authorize expe nditure from the Provincial \r\nConsolidated Fund, whether the expenditure is charged by the Constitution upon that Fund or not, and \r\nshall cause to be laid before the Provincial Assembly a Supplementary Budget Statement or, as the \r\ncase may be, an Excess Budget  Statement, setting out the amount of that expenditure, and the \r\nprovisions of Articles 120 to 123 shall apply to those statements as they apply to the Annual Budget \r\nStatement. \r\n \r\n 125. Votes on account. Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions \r\nrelating to financial matters, the Provincial Assembly shall have power to make any grant in advance \r\nin respect of the estimated expenditure for a part of any financial year, not exceeding three months, \r\npending completion of the procedure prescr ibed in Article 122 for the voting of such grant and the \r\nauthentication of the schedule of expenditure in accordance with the provisions of Article 123 in \r\nrelation to the expenditure.  \r\n \r\n 126. Power to authorize expenditure when Assembly stands , dissolved. Notwithstanding \r\nanything contained in the foregoing provisions relating to financial matters, at any time when the \r\nProvincial Assembly stands dissolved, the Provincial Government may authorize expenditure from the \r\nProvincial Consolidated Fund in respect of the estimated expenditure for a period not exceeding four \r\nmonths in any financial year, pending completion of the procedure prescribed in Article 122 for the \r\nvoting of grants and the authentication of the sch edule of authorized expenditure in accordance with \r\nthe provisions of Article 123 in relation to the expenditure. \r\n \r\n 127. Provisions relating to National Assembly, etc., to apply to Provincial Assembly, etc. \r\nSubject to the Constitution, the provisions of clauses (2) to (8) of Article 53, clauses (2) and (3) of \r\nArticle 54, Article 55, Articles 63 to 67, Article 69, Article 77, Article 87 and Article 88 shall apply to \r\nand in relation to a Provincial Assembly or a committee or members thereof or the Provincial \r\nGovernment, but so that__ \r\n \r\n(a) any reference in those provisions to 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)], a House \r\nor the National Assembly shall be read as a reference to the Provincial \r\nAssembly; \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n \r\n Page 63 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(b) any reference in those provisions to the President shall be read as a reference to \r\nthe Governor of the Province; \r\n(c) any reference in those provisions to the Federal Government shall be read as a \r\nreference to the Provincial Government; \r\n(d) any reference in those provisions to the Prime Minister shall be read as a \r\nreference to the Chief Minister; \r\n(e) any reference in those provisions to a Federal Minister shall be read as a \r\nreference to a Provincial Minister; 1[*] \r\n(f) any reference in those provisions to the National Assembly of Pakistan shall be \r\nread as a reference to the Provincial Assembly in existence immediately before \r\nthe commencing day 2[; and] \r\n3[(g)  the said clause (2) of Article 54 shall have effect as if, in the proviso thereto, for \r\nthe words “one hundred and thirty” the word 4[one hundred] were substituted.] \r\nOrdinances \r\n 128. Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances .__ (1) The Governor may, except when \r\nthe Provincial Assembly is in session, if satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary to \r\ntake immediate action, make and promulgate an Ordinance as the circumstances may require. \r\n (2) An Ordinance promulgated under this Article shall have the same force and effect as an Act \r\nof the Provincial Assembly and shall be subject  to like restrictions as the power of the Provincial \r\nAssembly to make laws, but every such Ordinance__ \r\n(a) shall be laid before the Provincial Assembly and shall stand repealed at the \r\nexpiration of 5[ninety days] from its promulgation or, if before the expiration of \r\nthat period a resolution disapproving it is passed by the Assembly, upon the \r\npassing of that resolution 6[:] \r\n 7[Provided that the Provincial Assembly may by a resolution extend the \r\nOrdinance for a further period of ninety days and it shall stand  repealed at the \r\nexpiration of the extended period, or if before the expiration of that period a \r\nresolution disapproving it is passed by the Assembly, upon the passing of that \r\nresolution:] \r\n Provided further that extension for a further period may be made o nly \r\nonce.] \r\n(b) may be withdrawn at any time by the Governor. \r\n \r\n1Omitted by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act. 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s.7 (w.e.f the 4th May. 1974). \r\n2Subs.by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act. 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s.7 (w.e.f the 4th May. 1974). \r\n3Added.by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act. 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s.7 (w.e.f the 4th May. 1974). \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 40. \r\n5Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 41. \r\n6Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 41. \r\n7Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 41. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 64 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n (3) Without prejudice to the provisions of clause (2), an Ordinance laid before the Provincial \r\nAssembly shall be deemed to be a Bill introduced in the Provincial Assembly. \r\nCHAPTER 3 \r\nTHE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS \r\n 1[129. The Provincial Government.__ (1) Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority \r\nof the Province shall be exercised in the name of the Governor by the Provincial Government, \r\nconsisting of the Chief Minister and Provincial Ministers, which shall act through the Chief Minister. \r\n (2) In the performance of his functions under the Constitution, the Chief Minister may act either \r\ndirectly or through the Provincial Ministers.] \r\n 2[130. The Cabinet.__ (1) There shall be a Cabinet of Ministers, with the Chief Minister at its \r\nhead, to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions. \r\n (2) The Provincial Assembly shall meet on the twenty -first day following the day on which a \r\ngeneral election to the Assembly is held, unless sooner summoned by the Governor. \r\n (3) After the election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, the Provincial Assembly shall, \r\nto the exclusion of any other business, proceed to elect without debate one of its members to be the \r\nChief Minister. \r\n (4) The Chief Minister shall be elected by the votes of the majority of the total membership of \r\nthe Provincial Assembly: \r\n Provided that, if no member secures such majority in the first poll, a second poll shall be held \r\nbetween the members who secures the two highest numbers of votes in the first poll and the member \r\nwho secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting shall be declared to have been \r\nelected as Chief Minister: \r\n Provided further that, if the number of votes sec ured by two or more members securing the \r\nhighest number of votes is equal, further polls shall be held between them until one of them secures a \r\nmajority of votes of the members present and voting. \r\n (5) The member elected under clause (4) shall be called up on by the Governor to assume the \r\noffice of Chief Minister and he shall, before entering upon the office, make before the Governor oath \r\nin the form set out in the Third Schedule: \r\n Provided that there shall be no restriction on the number of terms for the of fice of the Chief \r\nMinister. \r\n (6) The Cabinet shall be collectively responsible to the Provincial Assembly and the total \r\nstrength of the C abinet shall not exceed 3[seventeen] members or 3[thirteen] percent of the total \r\nmembership of a Provincial Assembly, whichever is higher 3[.] \r\n 3[* * * * * * *] \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 42.  \r\n2 Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 43. \r\n3Subs. and omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 14. \r\n \r\n Page 65 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n (7) The Chief Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor, but the Governor \r\nshall not exercise his powers under this clause unless he is satisfied that the Chief Minister does not \r\ncommand the confidence of the majority of the members of the Provincial Assembly, in which case he \r\nshall summon the Provincial Assembly and require the Chief Minister to obtain a vote of confidence \r\nfrom the Assembly. \r\n (8) The Chief Minister may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Governor, resign his \r\noffice. \r\n (9) A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of the Provincial \r\nAssembly shall, at the expiration of that period, cease to be a M inister and shall not before the \r\ndissolution of that Assembly be again appointed a Minister unless he is elected a member of that \r\nAssembly. \r\n (10) Nothing contained in this Article shall be construed as disqualifying the Chief Minister or \r\nany other Minister for continuing in office during any period during which the Provincial Assembly \r\nstands dissolved, or as preventing the appointment of any person as Chief Minister or other Minister \r\nduring any such period. \r\n (11) The Chief Minister shall not appoint more than 1[seven] Advisors.] \r\n 2[131. Governor to be kept informed. __ The Chief Minister shall keep the Governor informed \r\non matters relating to Provincial administration and on all legislative proposals the Provincial \r\nGovernment intends to bring before the Provincial Assembly.] \r\n 3[132. Provincial Ministers. __ (1) Subject to clauses 4[(9) and (10)] of Article 130, the \r\nGovernor shall appoint Provincial Ministers from amongst members of the Provincial Assembly on \r\nthe advice of the Chief Minister. \r\n (2) Before entering upon office, a Provincial Minister shall make before the Governor oath in \r\nthe form set out in the Third Schedule. \r\n (3) A Provincial Minister may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Governor, resign his \r\noffice or may be removed from office by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. \r\n 133. Chief Minister continuing in office. __ The Governor may ask the Chief Minister to \r\ncontinue to hold office until his successor enters upon the office of Chief Minister.] \r\n 134. [Resignation by Chief Minister] Omitted by P.O. No. 14 of 1985, Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n 135. [Provincial Minister performing functions of Chief Minister.] Omitted by P.O. No. 14 of \r\n1985, Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n 5[136. Vote of no -confidence against Chief Minister. __ (1)   A resolution for a v ote of no -\r\nconfidence moved by not less than twenty per centum of the total membership of the Provincial \r\nAssembly may be passed against the Chief Minister by the Provincial Assembly. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of  2025), s. 14. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No X of 2010), s. 44. \r\n3Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P. O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 45. \r\n5Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P. O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n \r\n Page 66 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n (2) A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be voted upon before the expiration of three \r\ndays, or later than seven days, from the day on which such resolution is moved in the Provincial \r\nAssembly. \r\n (3) If the resolution referred to in clause (l) is passed by a majority of the total membership of \r\nthe Provincial Assembly, the Chief Minister shall cease to hold office.] \r\n 137. Extent of executive authority of Province. Subject to the Constitution, the executive \r\nauthority of the Province shall extend to the matters with respect to which the Provincial Assembly \r\nhas power to make laws: \r\n Provided that, in any matter with respect to which both 1[Majlis-e- Shoora (Parliament)] and \r\nthe Provincial Assembly of a Province have power to make laws, the executive authority of the \r\nProvince shall be subject to, and limited by, the executive authority  expressly conferred by the \r\nConstitution or by law made by 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] upon the Federal Government or \r\nauthorities thereof. \r\n 138. Conferring of functions on subordinate authorities. On the recommendation of the \r\nProvincial Government, the  Provincial Assembly may by law confer functions upon officers or \r\nauthorities subordinate to the Provincial Government. \r\n 2[139. Conduct of business of Provincial Government. __ (1) All executive actions of the \r\nProvincial Government shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the Governor. \r\n (2) The 3[Provincial Government] shall by rules specify the manner in which orders and other \r\ninstruments made and executed 4[in the name of Governor] shall be authenticated, and the validity of \r\nany order or instrument so authenticated shall not be questioned in any court on the ground that it was \r\nnot made or executed by the Governor. \r\n 5[(3) The Provincial Government shall also make rules for the allocation and transaction of its \r\nbusiness.] \r\n 140. Advocate General for a Pro vince.__ (1) The Governor of each Province shall appoint a \r\nperson, being a person qualified to be appointed a Judge of the High Court, to be the Advocate General \r\nfor the Province. \r\n (2) It shall be the duty of the Advocate -General to give advice to the Prov incial Government \r\nupon such legal matters, and to perform such other duties of a legal character, as may be referred or \r\nassigned to him by the Provincial Government. \r\n (3) The Advocate-General shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor 6[and shall not \r\nengage in private practice so long as he holds the office of the Advocate-General]. \r\n (4) The Advocate-General may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Governor, resign \r\nhis office. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 46. \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 46. \r\n5Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 46. \r\n6Added by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 47. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 67 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n 1[* * * * * * *] \r\n 2[140A. Local Government.__ (1) Each Province shall, by law, establish a local  government \r\nsystem and devolve political, administrative and financial responsibility and authority to the elected \r\nrepresentatives of the local governments. \r\n (2) Elections to the local governments shall be held by the Election Commission of Pakistan.] \r\nPART V \r\nRELATIONS BETWEEN FEDERATION AND PROVINCES \r\nCHAPTER 1.__ DISTRIBUTION OF LEGISLATIVE POWERS \r\n141. Extent of Federal and Provincial laws.  Subject to the Constitution, 3[Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament)] may make laws (including laws having extra -territorial operation) for the whole or any \r\npart of Pakistan, and a Provincial Assembly may make laws for the Province or any part thereof. \r\n142. Subject-matter of Federal and Provincial laws. Subject to the Constitution__ \r\n(a) 3[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] shall have exclusive power to make laws with \r\nrespect to any matter in the Federal Legislative List; \r\n4[(b)  Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and a Provincial Assembly shall have power to \r\nmake laws with respect to criminal law, criminal procedure and evidence.] \r\n5[(c)  Subject to paragraph (b), a Provincial Assembly shall, and Majlis -e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament) shall not, have power to make laws with respect to any matter not \r\nenumerated in the Federal Legislative List.] \r\n6[(d)  Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) shall have exclusive power to make laws with \r\nrespect to all matters pertaining to such areas in the Federation as are not \r\nincluded in any Province.] \r\n7[143. Inconsistency between Federal and Provincial law. __ If any provision of an Act of a \r\nProvincial Assembly is repugnant to any provision of an Act of Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament) which \r\nMajlis-e- Shoora (Parliament) is competent to enact, then the Act of Majlis -e- Shoora (Parliament), \r\nwhether passed before or after the Act of the Provincial Assembly, shall prevail and the Act of the \r\nProvincial Assembly shall, to the extent of the repugnancy, be void.] \r\n144. Power of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) to legislate for 8[One] or more Provinces by \r\nconsent.__ (1) If 8[one] or more Provincial Assemblies pass resolutions to the effect that 3[Majlis-e- \r\n \r\n1Existing Article 140A stands omitted as a consequence of the (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), see section 2. \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 48. \r\n3Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 49. \r\n5Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 49. \r\n6Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 49. \r\n7Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 50. \r\n8Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 51. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 68 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nShoora (Parliament)] may by law regulate any matter not enumerated in 1[the Federal Legislation List] \r\nin the Fourth Schedule, it shall be lawful for 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] to pass an Act for \r\nregulating that matter accordingly, but any A ct so passed may, as respects any Province to which it \r\napplies, be amended or repealed by Act of the Assembly of that Province. \r\n3[* * * * * * *] \r\nCHAPTER 2. – ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS BETWEEN FEDERATION AND \r\nPROVINCES \r\n145. Power of President to direct Governor to discharge certain functions as his Agent.__ \r\n(1) The President may direct the Governor of any Province to discharge as his Agent, either generally \r\nor in any particular matter, such functions relating to such are as in the Federation which are not \r\nincluded in any Province as may be specified in the direction. \r\n(2) The provisions of Article 105 shall not apply to the discharge by the Governor of his \r\nfunctions under clause (1). \r\n146. Power of Federation to confer power s, etc., on Provinces, in certain cases. __ (1) \r\nNotwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the Federal Government may, with the \r\nconsent of the Government of a Province, entrust either conditionally or unconditionally to that \r\nGovernment, or to its officers functions in relation to any matter to which the executive authority of \r\nthe Federation extends. \r\n(2) An Act of 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] may, notwithstanding that it relates to a matter \r\nwith respect to which a Provincial Assembly has no po wer to make laws, confer powers and impose \r\nduties upon a Province or officers and authorities thereof. \r\n(3) Where by virtue of this Article powers and duties have been conferred or imposed upon a \r\nProvince or officers or authorities thereof, there shall be paid by the Federation to the Province such \r\nsum as may be agreed or, in default of agreement, as may be determined by an arbitrator appointed by \r\nthe Chief Justice of 4[Federal Constitutional Court] , in respect of any extra costs of administration \r\nincurred by the Province in connection with the exercise of those powers or the discharge of those \r\nduties. \r\n147. Power of the Provinces to entrust functions to the Federation. Notwithstanding \r\nanything contained in the Constitution, the Government of a Province may, with the consent of the \r\nFederal Government, entrust, either conditionally or unconditionally, to t he Federal Government, or \r\nto its officers, functions in relation to any matter to which the executive authority of the Province \r\nextends 5[:] \r\n6[Provided that the Provincial Government shall get the functions so entrusted ratified by the \r\nProvincial Assembly within sixty days.] \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), ss.51-52. \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n3Omitted by the Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (XVIII of 1985), s.17. \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 15. \r\n5Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 52. \r\n6Added. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 52. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 69 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n148. Obligation of Provinces and Federation.__ (1) The executive authority of every Province \r\nshall be so exercised as to secure compliance with Federal laws which apply in that Province. \r\n(2) Without prejudice to any other provision of this Chapter, in the exercise of the executive \r\nauthority of the Federation in any Province regard shall be had to the interests of that Province. \r\n(3) It shall be the duty of the Federation to protect every Province  against external aggression \r\nand internal disturbances and to ensure that the Government of every Province is carried on in \r\naccordance with the provisions of the Constitution. \r\n149. Directions to Provinces in certain cases.__ (1) The executive authority of every Province \r\nshall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive authority of the \r\nFederation, and the executive authority of the Federation shall extend to the giving of such directions \r\nto a Province as may appear to the Federal Government to be necessary for that purpose. \r\n1[(2)* * * * * * * *] \r\n(3) The executive authority of the Federation shall also extend to the giving of directions to a \r\nProvince as to the construction and maintenance of means of communication declared in the direction \r\nto be of national or strategic importance. \r\n(4) The executive authority of the Federation shall also extend to the giving of directions to a \r\nProvince as to the manner in which the executive authority thereof is to be exercised for the purpose \r\nof preventing any grave menace to the peace or tranquility or economic life of Pakistan or any part \r\nthereof. \r\n150. Full faith and credit for public acts, etc. Full faith and credit shall be given throughout \r\nPakistan to public acts and records, and judicial proceedings of every Province. \r\n151. Inter -Provincial trade. __ (1) Subject to clause (2),  trade, commerce and intercourse \r\nthroughout Pakistan shall be free. \r\n(2) 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] may by law impose such restrictions on the free dom of \r\ntrade, commerce or inter course between one Province and another or within any part of Pakistan as \r\nmay be required in the public interest. \r\n(3) A Provincial Assembly or a Provincial Government shall not have power to— \r\n(a) make any law, or take any executive action,  prohibiting or restricting the entry \r\ninto, or the export from, the Province of goods of any class or description, or \r\n(b) impose a tax which, as between goods manufactured or produced in the \r\nProvince and similar goods not so manufactured or produced, discr iminates in \r\nfavour of the former goods or which, in the case of goods manufactured or \r\nproduced outside the Province discriminates between goods manufactured or \r\nproduced in any area in Pakistan and similar goods manufactured or produced \r\nin any other area in Pakistan. \r\n \r\n1Omitted. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 53. \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 70 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(4) An Act of a Provincial Assembly which imposes any reasonable restriction in the interest \r\nof public health, public order or  morality, or for the purpose of protecting animals or plants from \r\ndisease or preventing or alleviating any serious shortage in the Province of any essential commodity \r\nshall not, if it was made with the consent of the President, be invalid. \r\n152. Acquisition of land for Federal purposes. The Federation may, if it deems necessary to \r\nacquire any land situate in a Province for any purpose connected with a matter with respect to which \r\n1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] has power to make laws, require the Province to acquire the land on \r\nbehalf, and at the expense, of the Federation or, if the land belongs to the Province, to transfer it to the \r\nFederation on such terms as may be agreed or, in default of agreement, as may be determined by an \r\narbitrator appointed by the Chief Justice of 2[Federal Constitutional Court]. \r\nCHAPTER 3. – SPECIAL PROVISIONS \r\n152A. [National Security Council.] Omitted by the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act \r\n2003 (3 of 2003), s. 5, which was previously ins. by C.E's. O. No. 24 of 2002, Art. 3 and Sch., as \r\namended by various enactments. \r\n153. Council of Common Interests .__ (1) There shall be a Council of Common Interests, in \r\nthis Chapter referred to as the Council, to be appointed by the President. \r\n3[(2) The Council shall consist of__ \r\n(a) the Prime Minister who shall be the Chairman of the Council; \r\n(b) the Chief Ministers of the Provinces; and \r\n(c) three members from the Federal Government to be nominated by the Prime \r\nMinister from time to time.] \r\n4[(3)* * * * * * *] \r\n(4) The Council shall be responsible to 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) 5[and shall submit an Annual \r\nReport to both Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).]] \r\n154. Functions and rules of procedure. __ 6[(1) The Council shall formulate and regulate \r\npolicies in relation to matters in Part II of the Federal Legislative List and shall exercise supervision \r\nand control over related institutions.] \r\n7[(2) The Council shall be constituted within thirty days of the Prime Mi nister taking oath of \r\noffice. \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 16. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 54. \r\n4Omitted. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 54. \r\n5Added. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 54. \r\n6Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 55. \r\n7Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 55. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 71 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(3) The Council shall have a permanent Secretariat and shall meet at least once in ninety days: \r\nProvided that the Prime Minister may convene a meeting on the request of a Province on an \r\nurgent matter.] \r\n1[(4)] The decisions of the Council shall be expressed in terms of the opinion of the majority. \r\n1[(5)] Until 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] makes provision by law in this behalf, the Council \r\nmay make its rules of procedure. \r\n1[(6)] 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] in joint sitting may from time to time by resolution issue \r\ndirections through the Federal Government to the Counci l generally or in a particular matter to take \r\naction as 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] may deem just and proper and such directions shall be \r\nbinding on the Council. \r\n1[(7)] If the Federal Government or a Provincial Government is dissatisfied with a decision of \r\nthe Council, it may refer the matter to 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] in a joint sitting whose decision \r\nin this behalf shall be final. \r\n155. Complaints as to interference with water supplies. __ (1) If the interests of a Province, \r\nthe Federal Capital 3[******] or any of the inhabitants thereof, in water from any natural source of \r\nsupply 4[or reservoir] have been or are likely to be affected prejudicially by__ \r\n(a) any executive act or legislation taken or passed or proposed to be taken or \r\npassed, or \r\n(b) the failure of any authority to exercise any of its powers with respect to the use \r\nand distribution or control of water from that source, \r\nthe Federal Government or the Provincial Government concerned may make a complaint in writing to \r\nthe Council. \r\n(2) Upon receiving such complaint, the Council shall, after having considered the matter, either \r\ngive its decision or request the President to appoint a commission consisting of such persons having \r\nspecial knowledge and experience in irrigation, engineering, administration, finance or law as he may \r\nthink fit, hereinafter referred to as the Commission. \r\n(3) Until 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] makes provision by law in this behalf, the provisions \r\nof the Pakistan C ommissions of Inquiry Act, 1956  (VI of 1956), as in force immediately before the \r\ncommencing day shall apply to the Council or the Commission as if the Council or the Commission \r\nwere a Commission appointed under that Act to which all the provisions of section 5 thereof applied \r\nand upon which the power contemplated by section 10A thereof had been conferred. \r\n(4) After considering the report and supplementary report, if any, of the Commission, the \r\nCouncil shall record its decision on all matters referred to the Commission. \r\n \r\n1Renumbered by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 55. \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n3Omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2018 (Act No. XXXVII of 2018) s. 7, (w.e.f. the 31-05-2018). \r\n4Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010. (Act No. X of 2010), s. 56. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 72 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(5) Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, but subject to the provisions of clause (5) of \r\nArticle 154, it shall be the duty of the Federal Government and the Provincial Government concerned \r\nin the matter in issue to give effect to the decision of the Council faithfully according to its terms and \r\ntenor. \r\n(6) No proceeding shall lie before any court at the instance of any party to a matter which is or \r\nhas been in issue before the Council, or of any person whatsoever, in respect of a matter which is \r\nactually or has been or might or ought to have been a proper subject of complaint to the Council under \r\nthis Article. \r\n1[156. National Economic Council.__ (1)The President shall constitute a National Economic \r\nCouncil which shall consist of:__ \r\n(a) the Prime Minister, who shall be the Chairman of the Council; \r\n(b) the Chief Ministers and one member from each Province to be nominated by \r\nthe Chief Minister; and \r\n(c) four other members as the Prime Minister may nominate from time to time. \r\n(2) The National Economic Council shall review the overall economic condition of the country \r\nand shall, for advising the Federal Government and the Provincial Governments, formulate plans in \r\nrespect of financial, commercial, social and economic policies; and in formulating such plans it shall, \r\namongst other factors, ensure balanced development and regional equity and shall also be guided by \r\nthe Principles of Policy setout in Chapter 2 of Part-II. \r\n(3) The meetings of the Council shall be summoned by the Chairman or on a requisition made \r\nby one-half of the members of the Council. \r\n(4) The Council shall meet at least twice in a year and the quorum for a meeting of the Council \r\nshall be one-half of its total membership. \r\n(5) The Council shall be responsible to the Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament) and shall submit an \r\nAnnual Report to each House of Majlis- e-Shoora (Parliament).]. \r\n157. Electricity.__ (1) The Federal Government may in an y Province construct or cause to be \r\nconstructed hydro -electric or thermal power installations or grid stations for the generation of \r\nelectricity and lay or cause to be laid inter-Provincial transmission lines 2[:] \r\n3[Provided that the Federal Government, pr ior to taking a decision to construct or cause to be \r\nconstructed, hydro-electric power stations in any Province, shall consult the Provincial Government \r\nconcerned.] \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s.57. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s.58. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s.58. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 73 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(2) The Government of a Province may__ \r\n(a) to the extent electricity is supplied to that Province from the national grid, require \r\nsupply to be made in bulk for transmission and distribution within the Province; \r\n(b) levy tax on consumption of electricity within the Province; \r\n(c) construct power houses and grid stations and lay transmiss ion lines for use within \r\nthe Province; and \r\n(d) determine the tariff for distribution of electricity within the Province. \r\n1[(3) In case of any dispute between the Federal Government and a Provincial Government in \r\nrespect of any matter under this Article, any of the said Governments may move the Council of Common \r\nInterests for resolution of the dispute.] \r\n158. Priority of requirements of natural gas. The Province in which a well -head of natural gas \r\nis situated shall have precedence over other parts of Pakistan  in meeting the requirements from that well-\r\nhead, subject to the commitments and obligations as on the commencing day. \r\n159. Broadcasting and telecasting. __ (1) The Federal Government shall not unreasonably refuse \r\nto entrust to a Provincial Government such functions with respect to broadcasting and telecasting as may \r\nbe necessary to enable that Government__ \r\n(a) to construct and use transmitters in the Province; and \r\n(b) to regulate, and impose fees in respect of, the construction and use of transmitters \r\nand the use of receiving apparatus in the Province: \r\nProvided that nothing in this clause shall be construed as requiring the Federal Government to \r\nentrust to any Provincial Government any control over the use of transmitters constructed or maintained \r\nby the Fed eral Government or by persons authorised by the Federal Government, or over the use of \r\nreceiving apparatus by person so authorised. \r\n(2) Any functions so entrusted to a Provincial Government shall be exercised subject to such \r\nconditions as may be imposed by the Federal Government, including, notwithstanding anything contained \r\nin the Constitution, any conditions with respect to finance, but it shall not be  lawful for the Federal \r\nGovernment so to impose any conditions regulating the matter broadcast or telecast by, or by authority of, \r\nthe Provincial Government. \r\n(3) Any Federal law with re spect to broadcasting and tele -casting shall be such as to secure that \r\neffect can be given to the foregoing provisions of this Article. \r\n(4) If any question arises whether any conditions imposed on any Provincial Government are \r\nlawfully imposed, or whether any refusal by the Federal Government to entrust functions is unreasonable, \r\nthe question shall be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Chief Justice of 2[Federal Constitutional \r\nCourt]. \r\n(5) Nothing in this Article shall be construed as restricting the powers of the Federal Government \r\nunder the Constitution for the prevention of any grave menace to the peace or tranquillity  of Pakistan or \r\nany part thereof. \r\n \r\n1Added by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s.58. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 17. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 74 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nPART VI \r\nFINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS \r\nCHAPTER 1.– FINANCE DISTRIBUTION OF REVENUES BETWEEN THE \r\nFEDERATION AND THE PROVINCES \r\n160. National Finance Commission. __ (1) Within six months of the commencing day and \r\nthereafter at intervals not exceeding five years, the President shall 1constitute a National Finance \r\nCommission consisting of the Minister of Finance of the Federal Government, the Ministers of Finance \r\nof the Provincial Governments, and such other persons as may be appointed by the President after \r\nconsultation with the Governors of the Provinces. \r\n(2) It shall be the duty of the National Finance Commission to make recommendations to the \r\nPresident as to__ \r\n(a) the distribution between the Federation and the Provinces of the net proceeds of \r\nthe taxes mentioned in clause (3); \r\n(b) the making of grants -in-aid by the Federal Government to the Provincial \r\nGovernments; \r\n(c) the exercise by the Federal Government and the Provincial Governments of the \r\nborrowing powers conferred by the Constitution; and \r\n(d) any other matter relating to finance referred to the Commission by the President. \r\n(3) The taxes referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (2) are the following taxes raised under the \r\nauthority of 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)], namely:__ \r\n(i)  taxes on income, including corporation tax , but not including taxes on income \r\nconsisting of remuneration paid out of the Federal Consolidated Fund; \r\n3[(ii) taxes on the sales and purchases of goods imported, exported, produced, \r\nmanufactured or consumed;] \r\n(iii) export duties on cotton, and such other export duties as may be specified by the \r\nPresident; \r\n(iv) such duties of excise as may be specified by the President; and \r\n(v) such other taxes as may be specified by the President. \r\n4[(3A) The share of the Provinces in each Award of National Finance Commission shall not be \r\nless than the share given to the Provinces in the previous Award. \r\n \r\n1For the notification constituting the National Finance Commission, see Gaz. of Pak. 1974, Ext., Part II. pp. 191-192. \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Act No. LXII of 1976), s. 3, (w.e.f. the 13th September, 1976). \r\n4Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 59. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 75 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(3B) The Federal Finance Minister and Provincial Finance Ministers shall monitor the \r\nimplementation of the Award biannually and lay their reports before both Houses of Majlis -e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament) and the Provincial Assemblies.] \r\n(4) As soon as may be af ter receiving the recommendations of the National Finance \r\nCommission, the President shall, by 1Order, specify, in accordance with the recommendations of the \r\nCommission under paragraph (a) of clause (2), the share of the net proceeds of the taxes mentioned in \r\nclause (3) which is to be allocated to each Province, and that share shall be paid to the Government of \r\nthe Province concerned, and, notwithstanding the provision of Article 78 shall not form part of the \r\nFederal Consolidated Fund. \r\n(5) The recommendations of the National Finance Commission, together with an explanatory \r\nmemorandum as to the action taken thereon, shall be laid before both Houses and the Provincial \r\nAssemblies. \r\n(6) At any time before an Order under clause (4) is made, the President may, by Or der, make \r\nsuch amendments or modifications in the law relating to the distribution of revenues between the \r\nFederal Government and the Provincial Governments as he may deem necessary or expedient. \r\n(7) The President may, by Order, make grants in aid of the revenues of the Provinces in need \r\nof assistance and such grants shall be charged upon the Federal Consolidated Fund. \r\n161. Natural gas and hydro-electric power. 2[(1)   Notwithstanding the provisions of Article \r\n78,__ \r\n(a) the net proceeds of the Federal duty of excise on natural gas levied at well-head \r\nand collected by the Federal Government  and of the royalty collected by the \r\nFederal Government, shall not form part of the Federal Consolidated Fund and \r\nshall be paid to the Province in which the well-head of natural gas is situated; \r\n(b) the net proceeds of the Federal duty of excise on oil levied at well -head and \r\ncollected by the Federal Government, shall not form part of the Federal \r\nConsolidated Fund and shall be paid to the Province in which the well -head of \r\noil is situated.] \r\n(2) The net profits earned by the Federal Government, or any undertaking established or \r\nadministered by the Federal Government from the bulk generation of power at a hydro-electric station \r\nshall be paid to the Province in which the hydro-electric station is situated. \r\nExplanation.__ For the purposes of this clause “net profits” shall be computed by deducting \r\nfrom the revenues accruing from the bulk supply of power from the bus-bars of a hydro-electric station \r\nat a rate to be determined by th e Council of Common Interests, the operating expenses of the station, \r\nwhich shall include any sums payable as taxes, duties, interest or return on investment, and \r\ndepreciations and element of obsolescence, and over-heads, and provision for reserves. \r\n \r\n \r\n1For such Order, see the Distribution of Revenues and Grants-in-Aid Order, 1975 (P. O. No. 2 of 1975). \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act (Act No. X of 2010), s. 60. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 76 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n162. Prior sanction of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which Provinces \r\nare interested. No Bill or amendment which imposes or varies a tax or duty the whole or part of the \r\nnet proceeds whereof is assigned to any Province, or which varies  the meaning of the expression \r\n“agricultural income” as defined for the purposes of the enactments relating to income-tax, as defined \r\nfor the purposes of the enactments relating to income -tax, or which affects the principles on which \r\nunder any of the foregoing provisions of this Chapter moneys are or may be distributable to Provinces, \r\nshall be introduced or moved in the National Assembly except with the previous sanction of the \r\nPresident. \r\n163. Provincial taxes in respect of professions, etc. A Provincial Asse mbly may by Act \r\nimpose taxes, not exceeding such limits as may from time to time be fixed by Act of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament)], on persons engaged in professions, trades, callings or employments, and no such Act of \r\nthe Assembly shall be regarded as imposing a tax on income. \r\nMiscellaneous Financial Provisions \r\n164. Grants out of Consolidated Fund. The Federation or a Province may make grants for \r\nany purpose, notwithstanding that the purpose is not one with respect to which 1[Majlis- e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament)] or, as the case may be, a Provincial Assembly may make laws. \r\n165. Exemption of certain public property from taxation.__ (1)     The Federal Government \r\nshall not, in respect of its property or income, be liable to taxation under any Act of Provincial \r\nAssembly and, subject to clause (2), a Provincial Government shall not, in respect of its property or  \r\nincome, be liable to taxation under Act of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] or under Act of the \r\nProvincial Assembly of any other Province. \r\n(2) If a trade or business of any kind is carried on by or on behalf of the Government of a \r\nProvince outside that Province, that Government may, in respect of any property used in connection \r\nwith that trade or business or any income arising from that trade or business, be taxed under Act of \r\n1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] or under Act of the Provincial Assembly of the Province in which that \r\ntrade or business is carried on. \r\n(3) Nothing in this Article shall prevent the imposition of fees for services rendered. \r\n2[165A. Power of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] to impose tax on the income of certain \r\ncorporations, etc. __ (1) For the removal of doubt, it is hereby declared that 1[Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament)] has, and shall be deemed always to have had, the power to make a law to provide for the \r\nlevy and recovery of a tax  on the income of a corporation, company or other body or institution \r\nestablished by or under a Federal law or a Provincial law or an existing law or a corporation, company \r\nor other body or institution  owned or controlled, either directly or indirectly, by the Federal \r\nGovernment or a Provincial Government, regardless of the ultimate destination of such income. \r\n(2) All orders made, proceedings taken and acts done by any authority or person, which were \r\nmade, taken or done, or purported to have been made, taken or done, before the commencement of the \r\nConstitution (Amendment) Order, 1985, in exercise of the powers derived from any law referred to in \r\nclause (1), or in execution of any orders made by any authority in the exercise or purported exercise  \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n2Added by the Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1985 (P. O. No. 11 of 1985), Art. 2. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 77 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nof powers as aforesaid, sh all, notwithstanding any judgment of any court or tribunal, including the \r\nSupreme Court and a High Court, be deemed to be and always to have been validly made, taken or \r\ndone and shall not be called in question in any court, including 1[the Federal Constitutional Court,] the \r\nSupreme Court and a High Court, on any ground whatsoever. \r\n(3) Every judgement or order of any court or tribunal, including  1[the Federal Constitutional \r\nCourt,] the Supreme Court and a High Court, which is repugnant to the provisi ons of clause (1) or \r\nclause (2) shall be, and shall be deemed always to have been, void and of no effect whatsoever.] \r\nCHAPTER 2.– BORROWING AND AUDIT \r\n166. Borrowing by Federal Government. The executive authority of the Federation extends \r\nto borrowing upon the security of the Federal Consolidated Fund within such limits, if any, as may \r\nfrom time to time be fixed by Act of 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)], and to the giving of guarantees \r\nwithin such limits, if any, as may be so fixed. \r\n167. Borrowing by Provincial Government. __ (1) Subject to the provisions of this Article, \r\nthe executive authority of a Province extends to borrowing upon the security of the Provincial \r\nConsolidated Fund within such limits, if any, as may from time to time be fixed by Act of the Provincial \r\nAssembly, and to the giving of guarantees within such limits, if any, as may be so fixed. \r\n(2) The Federal Government may, subject to such conditions, if any, as it may think fi t to \r\nimpose, make loans to, or, so long as any limits  fixed under Article 166 are not exceeded give \r\nguarantees in respect of loans raised by, any Province, and any sums required for the purpose of making \r\nloans to a Province shall be charged upon the Federal Consolidated Fund. \r\n(3) A Province may not, without the consent of the Federal Government, raise any loan if there \r\nis still outstanding any part of a loan made to the Province by the Federal Government, or in respect \r\nof which guarantee has been given by the Federal Government; and consent under this clause may be \r\ngranted subject to such conditions, if any, as the Federal Government may think fit to impose. \r\n3[(4) A Province may raise domestic or international loan, or give guarantees on the security \r\nof the Provincial Consolidated Fund within such limits and subject to such conditions as may be \r\nspecified by the National Economic Council.] \r\nAudit and Accounts \r\n168. Auditor-General of Pakistan.__ (1) There shall be an Auditor-General of Pakistan, who \r\nshall be appointed by the President. \r\n(2) Before entering upon office, the Auditor -General shall make before the Chief Justice of  \r\nPakistan oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. \r\n4[(3) The Auditor -General shall, unless he sooner resigns or is removed from o ffice in \r\naccordance with clause (5), hold office for a term of four years from the date on which he assumes \r\nsuch office or attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier.] \r\n \r\n1Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 18. \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 61. \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010) s. 62. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 78 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[(3A) The other terms and conditions of service of the Auditor - General shall be determined \r\nby Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament); and, until so determined, by Order of the President.] \r\n(4) A person who has held office as Auditor -General shall not be eligible for further \r\nappointment in the service of Pakistan before the expiration of two years after he has ceased to hold  \r\nthat office. \r\n(5) The Auditor-General shall not be removed from office except in the like manner and on the \r\nlike grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court. \r\n(6) At any time when the office of the Auditor -General is vacant or the Auditor -General is \r\nabsent or is unable to perform the functions of his office due to any cause, 2[the President may appoint \r\nthe most senior officer in the Office of the Auditor-General to] at as Auditor- General and perform the \r\nfunctions of that office. \r\n169. Functions and powers of Auditor-General. The Auditor-General shall, in relation to__ \r\n(a) the accounts of the Federation and of the Provinces; and \r\n(b) the accounts of any authority or body established by the Federation or a \r\nProvince, \r\nperform such functions and exercise such powers as may be deter mined by or under Act of 3[Majlis-\r\ne-Shoora (Parliament)] and, until so determined, by 4Order of the President. \r\n170. Power of Auditor -General to give directions as to accounts. __ 5[(1)] The accounts of \r\nthe Federation and of the Provinces shall be kept in such form and in accordance with such principles \r\nand methods as the Auditor-General may, with the approval of the President, prescribe. \r\n5[(2) The audit of the accounts of the Federal and of the Provincial Go vernments and the \r\naccounts of any authority or body established by, or under the control of, the Federal or a Provincial \r\nGovernment shall be conducted by the Auditor-General, who shall determine the extent and nature of \r\nsuch audit.] \r\n171. Reports of Auditor-General. The reports of the Auditor-General relating to the accounts \r\nof the Federation shall be submitted to the President, who shall cause them to be laid before the 6[both \r\nHouses of Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament)] and the reports of the Auditor -General re lating to the \r\naccounts of a Province shall be submitted to the Governor of the Province, who shall cause them to be \r\nlaid before the Provincial Assembly. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment), Act, 2010, (Act No. X of 2010), s. 62. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment), Act, 2010, (Act No. X of 2010), s. 62. \r\n3Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n4For such Order, see the Pakistan (Audit and Accounts) Order, 1973 (P. O. No. 21 of 1973). \r\n5Re-numbered and added by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 63. \r\n6Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act 2010 (Act No. X of 2010) s. 64. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 79 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nCHAPTER 3.__ PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, LIABILITIES AND SUITS \r\n172. Ownerless property.__ (1) Any property which has no rightful owner shall, if located in \r\na Province, vest in the Government of that Province, and in every other case, in the Federal \r\nGovernment. \r\n(2) All lands, minerals and other things of value within the continental shelf or underlying the \r\nocean 1[beyond] the territorial waters of Pakistan shall vest in the Federal Government. \r\n2[(3) Subject to the existing commitments and obligations, mineral oil  and natural gas within \r\nthe Province or the territorial water adjacent thereto shall vest jointly and equally in that Province and \r\nthe Federal Government.] \r\n173. Power to acquire property and to make contracts, etc.__ (1) The executive authority of \r\nthe Federation and of a Province shall extend, subject to any Act of the appropriate Legislature, to the \r\ngrant, sale, disposition or mortgage of any property vested in, and to the purchase or acquisition of \r\nproperty on behalf of, the Federal Government or, as the case may be, the Provincial Government, and \r\nto the making of contracts. \r\n(2) All property acquired for the purposes of the Federation or of a Province shall vest in the \r\nFederal Government or, as the case may be, in the Provincial Government. \r\n(3) All contrac ts made in the exercise of the executive authority of the Federation or of a \r\nProvince shall be expressed to be made in the name of the President or, as the case may be, the \r\nGovernor of the Province, and all such contracts and all assurances of property mad e in the exercise \r\nof that authority shall be executed on behalf of the President or Governor by such persons and in such \r\nmanner as he may direct or authorize. \r\n(4) Neither the President, nor the Governor of a Province, shall be personally liable in respect \r\nof any contract or assurance made or executed in the exercise of the executive authority of the \r\nFederation or, as the case may be, the Province, nor shall any person making or executing any such \r\ncontract or assurance on behalf of any of them be personally liable in respect thereof. \r\n(5) Transfer of land by the Federal Government or a Provincial Government shall be regulated \r\nby law. \r\n174. Suits and proceedings. The Federation may sue or be sued by the name of Pakistan and \r\na Province may sue or be sued by the name of the Province. \r\nPART VII \r\nTHE JUDICATURE \r\nCHAPTER 1.__ THE COURTS \r\n \r\n175. Establishment and jurisdiction of courts.__ (1) There shall be 3[a Federal Constitutional \r\nCourt of Pakistan,  hereinafter referred to as the Federal Constitutional Court ] a Supreme Court of \r\nPakistan 3[hereinafter referred to as the Supreme Court], a High Court for each Province 4[and a High \r\nCourt for the Islamabad Capital Territory] and such other courts as may be established by law. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s.65. \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s.65. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 19. \r\n4Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s.66. \r\n \r\n Page 80 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[Explanation.__ Unless the context otherwise requires, the words “High Court” wherever \r\noccurring in the Constitution shall include “Islamabad High Court”.] \r\n \r\n \r\n(2) No court shall have any jurisdiction save as is or may be conferred on it by the Constitution \r\nor by or under any law. \r\n \r\n \r\n(3) The Judiciary shall be separated progressively from the Executive within 2[fourteen] years \r\nfrom the commencing day. 3[*] \r\n \r\n \r\n3[* * * * * * *] \r\n \r\n4[175A. Appointment of Judges to  5[the Federal Constitutional Court,]  the Supreme \r\nCourt, High Courts and the Federal Shariat Court .__ (1) There shall be a Judicial Commission of \r\nPakistan, hereinafter in this Article referred to as the Commission, for appointment of Judges of 5[the \r\nFederal Constitutional Court,] the Supreme Court, High Courts and the Federal Shariat Court,  7[and \r\nfor performance evaluation of Judges of the High Courts,] as hereinafter provided. \r\n \r\n6[(2) For appointment of Judges of 5[the Federal Constitutional Court and] the Supreme Court, \r\nthe Commission shall consist of__ \r\n \r\n5[(i) Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court;  \r\n(ii) Chief Justice of the Supreme Court;  \r\n(iii) \r\n \r\none next most senior Judge each of the Federal Constitutional Court and \r\nthe Supreme Court; \r\nMembers \r\n(iiia) \r\n \r\na Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court jointly \r\nand nominated by the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court and \r\nthe Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, for a period of two years; \r\nMember;] \r\n(iv) Federal Minister for Law and Justice; Member \r\n(v) Attorney-General for Pakistan; Member \r\n(vi) an advocate having not less than fifteen years of practice in the Supreme \r\nCourt to be nominated by the Pakistan Bar Council for a term of two years; \r\nMember \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. I of 2011), s.3. \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P. O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n3Subs. and Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 2017 (Act No. XII of 2017) and shall cease to form part of the Constitution and shall \r\nstand repealed on the expiration of two years on 6th January, 2019. \r\n4Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 67. \r\n5Ins. and subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 20. \r\n6Ins. and subs. by the Constitution of (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 7. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 81 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(vii) \r\n \r\ntwo members from the Senate and two members from the National \r\nAssembly of whom two shall be from the Treasury Benches, one  from \r\neach House, and two from the Opposition Benches, one from each House. \r\nThe nomination from the Treasury Benches shall be made by the Leader \r\nof the House and from the Opposition Benches by the Leader of the \r\nOpposition: \r\n \r\n \r\n       Provided that during the time when the National Assembly stands \r\ndissolved, the remaining two members, for the purpose of this paragraph, \r\nshall be nominated from the Senate in the manner as aforesaid, for such \r\nperiod; \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\nMembers \r\n1[(viii) \r\n \r\na woman or non Muslim or a technocrat, other than a member of Majlis-\r\ne-Shoora (Parliament), who is qualified to be member of the Majlis-e-\r\nShoora (Parliament), to be appointed by the Speaker of the National \r\nAssembly; \r\nMember;] \r\n \r\n1[Explanation I.- The senior amongst the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court and \r\nthe Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall be the Chairperson of the Commission. Their inter se \r\nseniority shall be determined with reference to their dates of appointment as t he Chief Justice of the \r\nFederal Constitutional Court and the Chief Justice of the S upreme Court otherwise than as A cting \r\nChief Justice and in case the dates of such appointment are the same, with reference to their dates of \r\nappointment as Judges of the High Courts. \r\n \r\nExplanation II.- If a Judge may not be nominated under paragraph (iiia), one nominee each of \r\nthe respective Chief Justices shall be placed before the Commission which shall, by the majority of its \r\ntotal membership, nominate a Judge under paragraph (iiia) from amongst the nominees. \r\n \r\nExplanation III.- If the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court or a Judge mentioned in paragraph \r\n(iii) is to be nominated for appointment as a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court, the next most \r\nsenior Judge, as the case may be, shall act as a member of the Commission in his place. \r\n \r\nExplanation IV.- If a Judge appointed under paragraph (iiia) is a Judge of the Supreme Court \r\nand is to be nominated for appointment as a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court, anoth er Judge \r\nof the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court shall be nominated under clause (iiia) or \r\nExplanation II, as the case may be, to act as a member of the Commission in his place.] \r\n \r\n \r\n2[(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1), or  clause (2), 1[the Chief Justice of  \r\nFederal Constitutional Court and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court]  shall be nominated by the  \r\nSpecial Parliamentary Committee, in this Article referred to as the Committee, from amongst the three \r\nmost senior Judges of 1[the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court, as the case may be].  \r\nThe Committee shall send the name of the nominee to the Prime Minister who shall forward the same \r\nto the President for appointment: \r\n \r\n \r\n 1[* * * * * * *] \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. and omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 20. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution of (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 7. \r\n \r\n Page 82 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[Provided that if the nominee under this clause declines to become the Chief Justice, he shall \r\nbe deemed to have retired and the three next most senior Judges shall be considered and so on till the \r\nappointment of the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court or the Chief Justice of the Supreme \r\nCourt, as the case may be: \r\n \r\nProvided further that notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the President \r\nshall, on advice of the Prime Minister, appoint the first Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional \r\nCourt from amongst the Judges of the Supreme Court: \r\n \r\nProvided also and notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the appointment of \r\nthe first batch of Judges of the Federal Constitutional Court, shall be made by the President, on advice \r\nof the Prime Minister in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court:  \r\n \r\nProvided also that the second, third and this proviso shall stand omitted on the appointment of \r\nthe first Chief Justice and the Judges under the above said provisos.]  \r\n \r\n  \r\n2[(3A) The Committee shall consist of the following twelve members, namely:— \r\n \r\n \r\n(i) eight members from the National Assembly; and \r\n \r\n(ii) four members from the Senate: \r\n \r\nProvided that when the National Assembly stands dissolved, the total membership of the \r\nCommittee shall consist of the members from the Senate only mentioned in paragraph (ii) and the \r\nprovisions of this Article shall, mutatis mutandis, apply. \r\n \r\n \r\n(3B) The Parliamentary Parties shall have proportional representation on the Committee, based \r\non their strength in  Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), to be nominated by their  respective Parliamentary \r\nLeaders. The Chairman and the  Speaker of the National Assembly, as the  case may be,  shall notify \r\nmembers of the Committee. \r\n \r\n             (3C) The Committee, by the majority of not less than two-thirds of its total membership, within \r\nfourteen days prior to the retirement of the Chief Justice of 1[the Federal Constitutional Co urt or the \r\nChief Justice of the Supreme Court, as the case may be] shall send the nomination as provided in clause \r\n(3) 1[.] \r\n1[* * * * * * *] \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. and omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 20. \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution of (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 7. \r\n \r\n Page 83 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(3D) No action or decision taken by the Commission or the Committee shall be invalid or called \r\nin question only on the ground of existence of a vacancy therein or of the absence of any member from \r\nany meeting thereof. \r\n(3E) The meetings of the Committee shall be held in camera and the record of its proceedings \r\nshall be maintained. \r\n(3F) The provisions of Article 68 shall not apply to the proceedings of the Committee. \r\n(3G) The Committee may make rules for regulating its procedure.] \r\n1[(4) The Commission 2[shall] make rules regulating its procedure including the procedure and \r\ncriteria for assessment, 2[interview,] evaluation and fitness for appointment of Judges.]  \r\n(5) For appointment of Judges of a High Court, the Commission in clause (2) shall also include \r\nthe following, namely:__ \r\n(i) Chief Justice of the High Court to which the appointment is being \r\nmade; \r\nMember \r\n(ii) 1[Head of Constitutional Benches of that High Court] Member \r\n(iii) Provincial Minister for Law; and Member \r\n3[(iv) an advocate having not less than fifteen years practice in the High \r\nCourt to be nominated by the concerned Bar Council for a term of \r\ntwo years 1[.]] \r\n      1[Explanation.—If Head of Constitutional Benches of a High \r\nCourt is the Chief Justice of that High Court, the Judge who is next \r\nin seniority shall become member of the Commission:] \r\nMember \r\n \r\n3[1[Provided that for appointment of the Chief Justice of a High Court the Judge mentioned in \r\nparagraph (ii), if he is the most senior Judge of a High Court, shall not be member of the Commission:] \r\n \r\nProvided further that if for any reason the Chief Justice of a High Court is not available,  he \r\nshall be substituted by a former Chief Justice or former Judge of that Court, to be nominated by the  \r\n1[Commission]1[:]] \r\n \r\n \r\n2[Provided also that if Article 202A has not come into force for a High Court, the most senior \r\nJudge of such High Court shall be a member of the Commission under paragraph (ii).] \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. and Ins. by the Constitution of (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 7. \r\n2Subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 20. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 2011 (Act No. I of 2011) s. 4. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 84 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n(6) For appointment of Judges of the Islamabad High Court, the Commission in clause (2) shall \r\nalso include the following, namely:__ \r\n \r\n(i) Chief Justice of the Islamabad High Court; 1[*] Member \r\n(ii) 1[Head of Constitutional Benches of that High \r\nCourt]1[;] \r\nMember \r\n1[(iii) an advocate having not less than fifteen years of \r\npractice in the High Court to be nominated by the \r\nIslamabad Bar Council for a term of two years; and \r\nMember \r\n(iv) a Federal Minister nominated by the Prime Minister: Member] \r\n \r\nProvided that for initial appointment of the 2[Chief Justice and the] Judges of the Islamabad \r\nHigh Court, the Chief Justices of the four Provincial High  Courts shall also be members of the \r\nCommission: \r\n \r\nProvided further that subject to the foregoing proviso, in case of appointment of Chief Justice \r\n3[and the Judges] of Islamabad High Court, the 1[Explanation and] provisos to clause (5) shall, mutatis \r\nmutandis, apply. \r\n \r\n(7) For appointment of Judges of the Federal Shariat Court, the Commission in clause (2) shall \r\nalso include the Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court and the most senior Judge of that Court as \r\nits members: \r\n \r\n \r\nProvided that for appointment of Chief Justice of Federal Shariat Court, the provisos to clause \r\n(5) shall, mutatis mutandis, apply. \r\n \r\n1[(8) The Commission, by the majority of its total membership, shall nominate one person for \r\neach vacancy of a Judge in  3[the Federal Constitutional Court,] the Supreme Court, a High Court or \r\nthe Federal Shariat Court, as the case may be, to the Prime Minister who shall forward the same to the \r\nPresident for appointment.] \r\n \r\n \r\n(9)  1[*     *  * * * * *] \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n(10)  1[*     *  * * * * *] \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n(11) Secretary, 1[National Assembly] shall act as the Secretary of the Committee. \r\n \r\n \r\n(12)   1[*     *  * * * * *] \r\n \r\n \r\n(13)   1[*     *  * * * * *] \r\n \r\n \r\n(14)  1[*     *  * * * * *] \r\n \r\n \r\n(15)   1[*     *  *  * * * *]  \r\n \r\n(16)   1[*     *  *  * * * *] \r\n \r\n(17)  1[*     *  * * * * *] \r\n1[(18) The Commission in clause (2) shall conduct an annual performance evaluation of Judges \r\nof the High Courts. \r\n1Omitted, subs. added and ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 7 \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 2011 (Act No. I of 2011) s. 4. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 20. \r\n \r\n Page 85 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(19)  If the performance of a Judge of a High Court is found by the Commission to be \r\ninefficient, it shall grant him such period for improvement, as it deems appropriate. If, upon completion \r\nof the period so granted, the performance of such Judge is again found to be inefficient, the \r\nCommission shall send its report to the Supreme Judicial Council. \r\n1[(20) The Commission shall make rules for the purposes of clauses (18) and (19) within sixty \r\ndays of commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025.] \r\n (21) For the purposes of this Article and subject to the rules made by the Commission, t here \r\nshall be a secretariat of the Commission to be headed by a secretary and shall include such other \r\nofficers and staff, as may be necessary. \r\n \r\n(22) One -third of the members of the Commission may requisition a meeting of the \r\nCommission by sending a writte n request to the Chairperson who shall convene the meeting of the \r\nCommission not later than fifteen days from the receipt of such requisition. If the Chairperson fails to \r\nconvene a meeting within the aforesaid period, the secretary shall convene the meetin g within seven \r\ndays of the expiry of the aforesaid period. \r\n \r\n \r\n(23) For each anticipated or actual vacancy of a Judge in  1[the Federal Constitutional Court,] \r\nthe Supreme Court, the Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court, the Chief Justice of a High Court, a \r\nJudge in the Federal Shariat Court or a Judge in a High Court, any member of the Commission may \r\ngive nominations in the Commission for appointment against such vacancy.] \r\n \r\n1[CHAPTER 1A.- THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT \r\n           175B. Constitution of Federal Constitutional Court. __ (1) The Federal Constitutional Court \r\nshall consist of a Chief Justice to be known as the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court of \r\nPakistan hereinafter referred to as the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court and as many \r\nother Judges as may be determined by Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or, until so determined, as \r\nmay be fixed by the President: \r\n Provided that the Federal Constitutional Court shall have equal number of Judges from each \r\nProvince and at least one Judge from Islamabad High Court. \r\n Explanation.- In no case the number of Judges from the Islamabad High Court shall exceed the \r\nnumbers of Judges from a Province: \r\n Provided further that nothing contained in the first proviso shall effect the functioning of the \r\nFederal Constitutional Court. \r\n (2) The President may, by Order, make necessary provisions for the matters consequential or \r\nancillary to the establishment and functioning of the Federal Constitutional Court. \r\n            175C. Appointment of Federal Constitutional Court Judge s.- (1) The Chief Justice of the \r\nFederal Constitutional Court and each of the other Judges thereof shall be appointed by the President \r\nin accordance with Article 175A. \r\n             (2) A person shall not be appointed as Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court unless he is a \r\ncitizen of Pakistan and-  \r\n (a)     is or has been a Judge of the Supreme Court; or  \r\n \r\n1Subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (ACT No. XXXII of 2025), ss. 20-21. \r\n \r\n Page 86 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(b)     has, for a period of not less than five years, been a Judge of a High Court; or  \r\n                                    (c)      has, for a period of not less than twenty years, been an advocate of a High Court  \r\nand is an advocate of the Supreme Court. \r\n            (3) The inter se seniority of Judges appointed under this Article shall be reckoned from the date \r\nthey enter upon the office and in case that date is same then on the basis of their age: \r\nProvided that a Judge of the Supreme Court, who holds t he said office on the commencement \r\nof the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, shall retain his inter se seniority among \r\nJudges other than the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court. \r\n175D. Oath of Office of the Chief Justice and ot her judges of the Federal Constitutional \r\nCourt. __ Before entering upon office, the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court shall make \r\nbefore the President, and any other Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court shall make before the \r\nChief Justice, oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. \r\n \r\n175E. Original jurisdiction of Federal Constitutional Court.__ (1) The Federal Constitutional Court \r\nshall, to the exclusion of every other court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute between any two or more \r\nGovernments. \r\n \r\nExplanation.- In this clause, “Governments” means the Federal Government and the Provincial \r\nGovernments. \r\n \r\n(2) In the exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on it by clause (1), the Federal Constitutional \r\nCourt shall pronounce declaratory judgments only. \r\n(3) Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 199, the Federal Constitutional Court shall, \r\nif it considers that a question of public importance with reference to the enforcement of any of the \r\nFundamental Rights conferred by Chapter 1 of Part II is involved, have the power to make an order of \r\nthe nature mentioned in the said Article: \r\n \r\n Provided that, subject to the satisfaction of the Federal Constitutional Court, the jurisdiction \r\nunder this clause shall only be exercised if an application is filed by a person in that Court. \r\n             (4) All petitions which fall under this Article and appeals or review applications against \r\njudgments rendered or orders passed under this Article, pending or filed before the Supreme Court or \r\nits Constitutional Benches, prior to commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) \r\nAct, 2025, shall forthwith stand transferred to the Federal Constitutional Court and shall only be heard \r\nand decided by the Federal Constitutional Court. \r\n (5) The Federal Constitutional Court may, on it s own motion or otherwise, if it considers that \r\nthe case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution, call for the \r\nrecord of any case pending before any court and make such order in the case as it thinks fit. \r\n             175F. Appellate jurisdiction of the Federal  Constitutional Court .__ (1) The Federal \r\nConstitutional Court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals from judgments, decrees, \r\nfinal orders or sentences of a High Court as provided herein below – \r\n                       (a)     where an Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) so provides; \r\n \r\n Page 87 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n                                    (b)     if the High Court certifies that the case involves a substan tial question of law as \r\nto the  interpretation of the Constitution; or  \r\n                                    (c)     from a judgment or an order of a High Court made under A rticle 199 only if the \r\nFederal Constitutional Court grants leave to appeal: \r\nProvided that no appeal shall lie against a judgment o r an order of a High Court made under \r\nArticle 199, in a case which relates to rent and family except guardianship and such other matters as \r\nmay be determined by law. \r\n \r\n(2) All petitions for leave to appeal, appeals or review applications, to which clause (1 ) apply \r\nor any other proceedings falling within the jurisdiction of the Federal Constitutional Court, filed or \r\npending before the Supreme Court prior to commencement of the Constitution (Twenty -seventh \r\nAmendment) Act, 2025, stand transferred to the Federal Constitutional Court and shall only be heard \r\nand decided by that Court. \r\n175G. Review of judgments or orders by the Federal Constitutional Court. __The Federal \r\nConstitutional Court shall have the power, subject to the provisions of any Act of Majlis -e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament) and any rules made by the Federal Constitutional Court, to review any judgment \r\npronounced or any order made by it. \r\n175H. Advisory jurisdiction. __ (1) If, at any time, the President considers that it is desirable \r\nto obtain the opinion of the Federal Constitutional Court on any question of law which he considers of \r\npublic importance, he may refer the question to the Federal Constitutional Court for consideration. \r\n(2) The Federal Constitutional Court shall consider a question so referred and report its opinion \r\non the question to the President. \r\n175I. Retiring Age of the Chief Justice and other judges of the Federal Constitutional \r\nCourt. __A Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty-\r\neight years, unless he sooner resigns or is removed from office in accordance with the Constitution: \r\nProvided that the term of office of the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court shall \r\nbe three years or unless he sooner resigns or he attains the age of sixty-eight years or is removed from \r\nhis office in accordance with the Constitution, whichever is earlier: \r\nProvided further that the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court on completion of his \r\nterm of three years shall stand retired notwithstanding his age of superannuation. \r\n175J. Acting Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court. __At any time when__ \r\n(a)        the office of Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court is vacant; or \r\n \r\n(b)      the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court is absent or is unable to \r\nperform the functions of his office due to any other cause, \r\n \r\nthe President shall appoint one of the other Judges of the Federal Constitutional Court to act as its \r\nChief Justice. \r\n175K. Acting Judges of the Federal Constitutional Court.__ (1) At any time when__ \r\n(a) the office of a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court is vacant; or \r\n \r\n Page 88 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(b)  a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court is absent or is unable to perform the \r\nfunctions of his office due to any other cause, \r\nthe President may, in the manner provided in clause (1) of Article 175A, appoint a Judge of the \r\nSupreme Court or a High Court who is qualified for appointment as a Judge of the Federal \r\nConstitutional Court to act temporarily as a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court. \r\nExplanation.__ In this clause, Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court includes a person \r\nwho has retired as a Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court. \r\n(2) An appointment under this Article shall continue in force until it is revoked by the President. \r\n175L. Seat of the Federal Constitutional Court .__ (1) The permanent seat of the Federal \r\nConstitutional Court shall be at Islamabad. \r\n \r\n(2) The Federal Constitutional Court may from time to time sit at such other places as the Chief \r\nJustice of the Federal Constitutional Court, with the prior approval of the President, may appoint.] \r\n \r\n \r\nCHAPTER 2.__ THE SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN \r\n \r\n176. Constitution of Supreme Court. The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice to \r\nbe known as the Chief Justice 1[of Supreme Court] of Pakistan and so many other Judges as may be \r\ndetermined by Act of 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] or, until so determined, as may be fixed by the \r\nPresident 1[:] \r\n \r\n1[Provided that and notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the incumbent \r\nChief Justice shall be and continue to be known as the Chief Justice of Pakistan during his term in \r\noffice.] \r\n \r\n177. Appointment of Supreme Court Judges.__ 3[(1) The Chief Justice of 1[Supreme Court]  \r\nand each of the other Judges of the Supreme Court shall be appointed by the President in accordance \r\nwith Article 175A.] \r\n \r\n \r\n4[(2) A person shall not be appointed as Judge of the Supreme Court unless he is a citizen of \r\nPakistan and— \r\n \r\n(a) has for a period of, or for periods aggregating, not less than five years been a Judge of a \r\nHigh Court; or \r\n \r\n \r\n(b) has, for a period of not less than fifteen years, been an advocate of a High Court and is an \r\nadvocate of the Supreme Court.] \r\n \r\n \r\n178. Oath of Office. Before entering upon office, the Chief Justice of 1[Supreme Court] shall \r\nmake before the President, and any other Judge of the Supreme Court shall make before the Chief \r\nJustice, oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. \r\n \r\n5[179. Retiring age.__A Judge of the Supreme Court shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty-\r\nfive years, unless he sooner resigns or is removed from office in accordance with the Constitution 4[:]]  \r\n \r\n4[Provided that the term of the Chief Justice of 1[Supreme Court] shall be three years or unless he sooner \r\nresigns or attains the age of sixty-five years or is removed from his office in accordance with the Constitution, \r\nwhichever is earlier: \r\n \r\n1Ins., subs. and added by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), ss. 22-25. \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s.68. \r\n4Subs. and added by the Constitution of (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), ss. 8-9. \r\n5Article 179 subs. by the Constitution (Seventeenth Arndt.) Act, 2003 (Act No. III of 2003), s.6 (see also Article 267B). \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 89 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nProvided further that the Chief Justice of 1[Supreme Court] on completion of his term of three \r\nyears shall stand retired notwithstanding his age of superannuation.] \r\n180. Acting Chief Justice. At any time when__ \r\n(a) the office of Chief Justice of 1[the Supreme Court] is vacant; or \r\n(b) the Chief Justice of 1[the Supreme Court] is absent or is unable to perform the \r\nfunctions of his office due to any other cause, \r\nthe President shall appoint 2[1[one] of the other Judges of the Supreme Court] to act as Chief \r\nJustice of 1[the Supreme Court]. \r\n181. Acting Judges.__ (1) At any time when__ \r\n(a) the office of a Judge of the Supreme Court is vacant; or \r\n(b) a Judge of the Supreme Court is absent or is unable to perform the functions of \r\nhis office due to any other cause, \r\nthe President may, in the manner provided in clause (1) of Article 177, appoint a Judge of a \r\nHigh Court who is qualified for appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court to act temporarily \r\nas a Judge of the Supreme Court. \r\n3[Explanation.__ In this clause, ‘Judge of a High Court’ includes a person who has retired as a \r\nJudge of a High Court.] \r\n(2) An appointment under this Article shall continue in force until it is revoked by the President. \r\n182. Appointment of ad-hoc Judges. If at any time it is not poss ible for want of quorum of \r\nJudges of the Supreme Court to hold or continue any sitting of the Court, or for any other reason it is \r\nnecessary to increase temporarily the number of Judges of the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice of \r\n1[Supreme Court] 4[, in Consultation with the Judicial Commission as provided in clause (2) of Article \r\n175A,] may, in writing,__ \r\n(a) with the approval of the President, request any person who has held the office \r\nof a Judge of that Court and since whose ceasing to hold that office three years \r\nhave not elapsed; or \r\n(b) with the approval of the President and with the consent of the Chief Justice of a \r\nHigh Court, require a Judge of that Court qualified for appointment as a judge \r\nof the Supreme Court, \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), ss. 25-27. \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P. O. No. 14 of 1985). Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n3Added by the Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1982 (P. O. No. 2 of 1982), Art. 2. \r\n4Inserted by the Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 2011 (Act No. I of 2011), s. 5.  \r\n \r\n Page 90 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nto attend sittings of the Supreme Court as an ad hoc Judge for such period as may be necessary \r\nand while so attending an ad hoc Judge shall have the same power and jurisdiction as a Judge \r\nof the Supreme Court. \r\n \r\n \r\n183. Seat of the Supreme Court.__ (1) The permanent seat of the Supreme Court shall, subject \r\nto clause (3), be at Islamabad. \r\n \r\n(2) The Supreme Court may from time to time sit in such other places as the Chief Justice of \r\n1[Supreme Court], with the approval of the President, may appoint. \r\n \r\n(3)1[* * * * * * *] \r\n184. 1[* * * * * * *] \r\n1[185, Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.  (1) Subject to this Article and Article \r\n175F, the Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals from judgments, \r\ndecrees, final orders or sentences of a High Court. \r\n(2) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree, final order or sentence \r\nof a High Court- \r\n(a)  if the High Court has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused \r\nperson and sentenced him to death or to transportation for life or imprisonment \r\nfor life; or, on revision, has enhanced a sentence to a sentence as aforesaid; or \r\n(b)  if the High Court has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any court \r\nsubordinate to it and has in such trial convicted the accused person and \r\nsentenced him as aforesaid; or \r\n(b)  if the High Court has imposed any punishment on any person for contempt of \r\nthe High Court; or \r\n(c)  if the amount or value of the subject -matter of the dispute in the court of first \r\ninstance was, and also in dispute in appeal is, not less than one million rupees \r\nor such other sum as may be specified in that behalf by Act of Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament) and the judgment, decree or final order appealed from has varied \r\nor set aside the judgment, decree or final order of the court or tribunal \r\nimmediately below; or \r\n(d)  if the judgment, decree or final order involves directly or indirectly some claim \r\nor question respecting property of the like amount or value and the judgment, \r\ndecree or final order appealed from has varied or set aside the judgment, decree \r\nor final order of the court or tribunal immediately below. \r\n(3) An appeal to the Supreme Court, from a judgment, decree, order or sentence of a High \r\nCourt in case to which clause  (2) does not apply shall lie only if the Supreme Court grants leave to \r\nappeal: \r\n_______________________________________________________________________________________ \r\n1Subs. and omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), ss. 28-30. \r\n  \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 91 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nProvided that no appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court in cases to which clause (1) of Article \r\n175F applies.] \r\n \r\n \r\n186. 1[* * * * * * *] \r\n \r\n \r\n186A.1[* * * * * * *] \r\n{187. Issue and execution of processes of 1[Federal Constitutional Court and] Supreme \r\nCourt.__ (1) 2[Subject to clause (2) of Article 175,  1[the Federal Constitutional Court and]  the] \r\nSupreme Court shall have power to issue such directions, orders or decrees as may be necessary for \r\ndoing complete justice in any case or matter pending before it, including an order for the purpose of \r\nsecuring the attendance of any person or the discovery or production of any document 3[:] \r\n \r\n3[Provided that no order under this clause shall be passed otherwise than in pursuance of any \r\njurisdiction vested in and exercised by 1[the Federal Constitutional Court and] the Supreme Court.] \r\n \r\n(2) Any such direct ion, order or decree shall be enforceable throughout Pakistan and shall, \r\nwhere it is to be executed in a Province, or a territory or an area not forming part of a Province but \r\nwithin the jurisdiction of the High Court of the Province, be executed as if it had been issued by the \r\nHigh Court of that Province.  \r\n \r\n(3) If a question arises as to which High Court shall give effect to a direction, order or decree \r\nof the Supreme Court, the decision of the Supreme Court on the question shall be final. \r\n \r\n188. Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court shall have \r\npower, subject to the provisions of any Act of 4[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] and of any rules made \r\nby the Supreme Court, to review any judgment pronounced or any order made by it. \r\n \r\n1[189. Decisions of Federal Constitutional Court and Supreme Court binding on other \r\ncourts. __ (1) Any decision of the Federal Constitutional Court shall, to the extent that it decides a \r\nquestion of law or is based upon or enunciates a principle of law, be b inding on all other courts in \r\nPakistan including the Supreme Court. \r\n \r\n(2) Any decision of the Supreme Court shall, to the extent that it decides a question of law or \r\nis based upon or enunciates a principle of law, be binding on all other courts in Pakistan except the \r\nFederal Constitutional Court.] \r\n190. Action in aid of 1[Federal Constitutional Court and] Supreme Court. All executive and \r\njudicial authorities throughout Pakistan shall act in aid of 1[the Federal Constitutional Court and] the \r\nSupreme Court. \r\n1[191. Rules of procedure. - Subject to the Consti tution and any Act of Majlis -e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament), the Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court may make rules regulating their \r\nrespective practice and procedure.] \r\n191A. 1[* * * * * * *] \r\n \r\n1Omitted, Ins. and subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), ss. 31-37. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Act No. LXII of 1976), s. 7, (w.e.f. the 13th September, 1976). \r\n3Subs. and Added by the Constitution of (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), ss. 13. \r\n4Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 92 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nCHAPTER 3.__ THE HIGH COURTS \r\n \r\n192. Constitution of High Court.__ (1) A High Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and so many \r\nother Judges as may be determined by law or, until so determined, as may be fixed by the President. \r\n1[(2) The Sind and Baluchistan High Court shall cease to function as a common High Court for the \r\nProvinces of Baluchistan and Sind.  \r\n(3) The President shall, by 2Order, establish a High Court for each of the Provinces of Baluchistan \r\nand Sind and may make such provision in the Order for the principal seats of the two High Courts, transfer \r\nof the Judges of the common High Court, transfer of cases pending in the common High Court \r\nimmediately before the establishment of the two High Courts and, generally, for matters consequential \r\nor ancillary to the common High Court ceasing to funct ion and the establishment of the two High \r\nCourts as he may deem fit.] \r\n3[(4)] The jurisdiction of a High Court may, by Act of 4[Majlis-e- Shoora (Parliament)], be \r\nextended to any area in Pakistan not forming part of a Province. \r\n193. Appointment of High Court Judges.__ 5[(1) The Chief Justice and each of other Judges \r\nof a High Court shall be appointed by the President in accordance with Article 175A.] \r\n6[(2) A person shall not be appointed as a Judge of a High Court unless he is a citizen of \r\nPakistan, is not less than forty years of age, and— \r\n(a) he has, for a period of not less than ten years, been an advocate of a High Court; or \r\n(b) he has, for a period of not less than ten years, held a judicial office in Pakistan. \r\nExplanation.__ In computing the period during which a person has been an advocate of a High \r\nCourt or has held judicial office, there shall be included any period during which he has held judicial \r\noffice after he became an advocate or, as the case may be, the period duri ng which he has been an \r\nadvocate after having held judicial office.]  \r\n(3) 3[*  * * * * * *] \r\n194. Oath of Office. Before entering upon office, the Chief Justice of a High Court shall make \r\nbefore the Governor, and any other Judge of the Court shall make before the Chief Justice, oath in the \r\nform set out in the Third Schedule 5[:] \r\n5[Provided that the Chief Justice of the Islamabad High Court shall make oath before the \r\nPresident and other Judges of that Court shall make oath before the Chief Justice of the Islamabad \r\nHigh Court.] \r\n7[195. Retiring age. A Judge of a High Court shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty-\r\ntwo years, unless he sooner resigns or is removed from office in accordance with the Constitution]. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Act No. LXII of 1976), s. 8, (w.e.f. the 1st December, 1976). \r\n2For such Order, in respect of establishment of High Courts for Baluchistan and Sind, see the P O. No. 6 of 1976, dated the 29th November, 1976, see \r\nGaz. of Pak. 1976, Ext., Pt. 1, pp.595—599. \r\n3Subs. and omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), ss. 38-39. \r\n4Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n5Subs. and added by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s.69-70. \r\n6Subs by the Constitution (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 15.    \r\n7Subs. by the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 (Act No. III of 2003), s.7 (see also Article 267B). \r\n \r\n Page 93 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n196. Acting Chief Justice. At any time when__ \r\n(a) the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant, or \r\n(b) the Chief Justice of a High Court is absent or is unable to perform the functions of \r\nhis of fice due to any other cause, the President shall appoint 1[one of the other \r\nJudges of the High Court, or may request one of the Judges of the Supreme Court], \r\nto act as Chief Justice. \r\n197. Additional Judges. At any time when__ \r\n(a) the office of a Judge of a High Court is vacant; or \r\n(b) a Judge of a High Court is absent or is unable to perform the functions of his office \r\ndue to any other cause; or \r\n(c) for any reason it is necessary to increase the number of Judges of a High Court, the \r\nPresident may, in the manner provided in clause (1) of Article 193, appoint a person \r\nqualified for appointment as a Judge of the High Court to be Additional Judge of \r\nthe Court for such period as the President may determine, being a period not \r\nexceeding such period, if any, as may be prescribed by law. \r\n198. Seat of the High Court. __ 2[(l)] Each High Court in existence immediately before the \r\ncommencing day shall continue to have its principal seat at the place where it had such seat before that day. \r\n3[(1A) The High Court for Islamabad Capital Territory shall have its principal seat at Islamabad.] \r\n4[(2) Each High Court and the Judges and divisional courts thereof shall sit at its principal seat and \r\nthe seats of its Benches and may hold, at any place within its territorial jurisdiction, circuit courts consisting \r\nof such of the Judges as may be nominated by the Chief Justice. \r\n(3) The Lahore High Court shall have a Bench each at Bahawalpur, Multan and Rawalpindi; the \r\nHigh Court of Sindh shall have a Bench at Sukkur; the Peshawar High Court shall have a Bench each at \r\nAbbottabad 5[, Mingora] and Dera Ismail Khan and the High Court of Balochistan shall have a Bench at \r\nSibi 6[and Turbat.] \r\n(4) Each of the High Courts may have Benches at such other places as the Governor may determine \r\non the advice of the Cabinet and in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court. \r\n(5) A Bench referred to in clause (3), or established under clause (4), shall consist of such of the \r\nJudges of the High Court as may be nominated by the Chief Justice from time to time for a period of not \r\nless than one year. \r\n(6) The Governor in consultation with the Chie f Justice of the High Court shall make rules to \r\nprovide the following matters, that is to say,__ \r\n(a) assigning the area in relation to which each Bench shall exercise jurisdiction vested \r\nin the High Court; and \r\n(b) for all incidental, supplemental or consequential matters.] \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985) Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n2Re-numbered by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985) Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 71. \r\n4Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P. O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n5Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 71. \r\n6Added by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 71 \r\n \r\n Page 94 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n199. Jurisdiction of High Court.__ (1) Subject to the Constitution, a High Court may, if it is satisfied \r\nthat no other adequate remedy is provided by law,__ \r\n(a) on the application of any aggrieved party, make an order— \r\n(i) directing a person performing, within the territorial jurisdiction of the Court, \r\nfunctions in connection with the affairs of the Federation, a Province or a local \r\nauthority, to refrain from doing anything he is not permitted by law to do, or \r\nto do anything he is required by law to do; or \r\n(ii) declaring that any act done or proceeding taken within the territorial \r\njurisdiction of the Court by a person performing functions in connection wi th \r\nthe affairs of the Federation, a Province or a local authority has been done or \r\ntaken without lawful authority and is of no legal effect; or \r\n(b) on the application of any person, make an order— \r\n(i) directing that a person in custody within the territorial jurisdiction of the Court \r\nbe brought before it so that the Court may satisfy itself that he is not being held \r\nin custody without lawful authority or in an unlawful manner; or \r\n(ii) requiring a person within the territorial jurisdiction of the Court holdi ng or \r\npurporting to hold a public office to show under what authority of law he \r\nclaims to hold that office; or \r\n(c) on the application of any aggrieved person, make an order giving such directions to any \r\nperson or authority, including any Government exercising any power or performing \r\nany function in, or in relation to, any territory within the jurisdiction of that Court as \r\nmay be appropriate for the enforcement of any of the Fundamental Rights conferred by \r\nChapter 1 of Part II. \r\n1[(1A) For removal of doubt, the High Court shall not make an order or give direction or make a \r\ndeclaration on its own or in the nature of suo motu exercise of jurisdiction beyond the contents of any application \r\nfiled under clause (1).] \r\n(2) Subject to the Constit ution, the right to move a High Court for the enforcement of any of the \r\nFundamental Rights conferred by Chapter 1 of Part II shall not be abridged. \r\n2[(3) An order shall not be made under clause (1) on application made by or in relation to a person who \r\nis a member of the Armed Forces of Pakistan, or who is for the time being subject to any law relating to any of \r\nthose Forces, in respect of his terms and conditions of service, in respect of any matter arising out of his service, \r\nor in respect of any action taken in relation to him as a member of the Armed Forces of Pakistan or as a person \r\nsubject to such law.] \r\n3[(3A) * * * * * * *] \r\n3[(3B) * * * * * * *] \r\n3[(3C) * * * * * * *] \r\n(4) Where__ \r\n(a) an application is made to a High Court for an order under paragraph (a) or paragraph \r\n(c) of clause (1), and \r\n \r\n1Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 16. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s. 9, (w.e.f. the 4th May, 1974). \r\n3Omitted by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P. O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 95 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(b) the making of an interim order would have the effect of prejudicing or \r\ninterfering with the carrying out of a public work or of otherwise being harmful \r\nto public interest 1[or State property] or of impeding the assessment or collection \r\nof public revenues, \r\nthe Court shall not make an interim order unless the prescribed law officer has been given notice of \r\nthe application and he or any person authorised by him in that behalf has had an opportunity of being \r\nheard and the Court, for reasons to be recorded in writing, is satisfied that the interim order__ \r\n(i) would not have such affect as aforesaid; or \r\n(ii) would have the effect of suspending an order or proceeding which on the face \r\nof the record is without jurisdiction. \r\n2[(4A) An interim order made by a High Court on an application made to it to question the \r\nvalidity or legal effect of any order made, proceeding taken or act done by any authority or perso n, \r\nwhich has been made, taken or done or purports to have been made, taken or done under any law which \r\nis specified in Part I of the First Schedule or relates to, or is connected with, State property or \r\nassessment or collection of public revenues shall cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of \r\nsix months following the day on which it is made : \r\n3[Provided that, for reasons to be recorded, an interim order may be extended only for a period \r\nupto six months.]] \r\n4[(4B) Every case in which, on an application under clause (1), the High Court has made an \r\ninterim order shall be disposed of by the High Court on merits within six months from the day on \r\nwhich it is made, unless the High Court is prevented from doing so for sufficient cause to be recorded.] \r\n(5) In this Article, unless the context otherwise requires,__ \r\n“person” includes any body politic or corporate, any authority of or under the control \r\nof the Federal Government or of a Provincial Government, and any Court or tr ibunal, \r\nother than the 3[Federal Constitutional Court or the] Supreme Court, a High Court or a \r\nCourt or tribunal established under a law relating to the Armed Forces of Pakistan; and \r\n“prescribed law officer” means__ \r\n(a) in relation to an application affecting the Federal Government or an authority of \r\nor under the control of the Federal Government, the Attorney-General, and \r\n(b) in any other case, the Advocate -General for the Province in which the \r\napplication is made. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ \r\n1Ins. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order,1985 (P. O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 72. \r\n3Subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 40. \r\n4Clause (4B) restored by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 2. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 96 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[200. Transfer of High Court Judges.- (1) The President may transfer a Judge of a High Court \r\nfrom one High Court to another High Court on the recommendation of and on such terms and conditions \r\nas may be determined by the Judicial Commission of Pakistan as mentioned in clause (2) of Article 175A: \r\nProvided that the Chief Justices of both High Courts shall also be members of the Judicial \r\nCommission of Pakistan for the purposes of this clause: \r\nProvided further that the Judicial Commission of Pakistan before making recommendation under \r\nthis clause may hear the Judge. \r\nExplanation. – In this Article, “Judge” does not include a Chief Justice but includes a Judge for the \r\ntime being acting as Chief Justice of a High Court other than a Judge of the Supreme Court acting as such \r\nin pursuance of a request made under paragraph (b) of Article 196. \r\n(2) The seniority of a Judge of a High Court transferred under clause (1) shall be reckoned from \r\nthe date of his initial appointment as a Judge of the High Court: \r\nProvided that no Judge shall be transferred to a High Court where on transfer he becomes senior to \r\nthe Chief Justice of such High Court. \r\n(3) Where a Judge is so transferred, he shall be entitled to such additional allowances and privileges, \r\nin addition to his salary and allowances, as the President may, by Order, determine. \r\n(4) A Judge of a High Court who does not accept a transfer under this Article shall be  proceeded \r\nagainst under Article 209 within a period of thirty days. Such Judge shall not perform his functions till such \r\ntime the Council under Article 209 renders its decision.] \r\n201. Decision of High Court binding on subordinate Courts. Subject to Article 189, any decision \r\nof a High Court shall, to the extent that it decides a question of law or is based upon or enunciates a principle \r\nof law, be binding on all courts subordinate to it. \r\n \r\n202. Rules of procedure. Subject to the Constitution and law, a High Court may make rules \r\nregulating the practice and procedure of the Court or of any court subordinate to it. \r\n \r\n2[202A. Constitutional Benches of High Courts.— (1) There shall be Constitutional Benches of \r\na High Court comprising such Judges of a High Court and for such term as may be nominated and \r\ndetermined by the Judicial Commission of Pakistan as constituted under c lause (5) of Article 175A, from \r\ntime to time. \r\n \r\n(2) The most senior Judge amongst Judges nominated under clause (1) shall be the Head of the \r\nConstitutional Benches. \r\n1[(3) No Bench of a High Court other than a Constitutional Bench shall exercise jurisdiction vested \r\nin the High Court under Article 199.]  \r\n(4) For the purposes of clause (1), a Bench, to be nominated by a committee comprising the Head \r\nof the Constitutional Benches and next two most senior Judges from amongst the Judges nominated under \r\nclause (1), shall hear and dispose of such matters. \r\n(5) All petitions under sub-paragraph (i) of paragraph (a) and paragraph (c) of clause (1) of Article \r\n199 or appeals therefrom, pending or filed in a High Court prior to commencement of the \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), ss. 41-42. \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 17. \r\n \r\n Page 97 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nConstitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (XXVI of 2024), subject to clause (7), forthwith stand \r\ntransferred to the Constitutional Benches and shall only be heard and decided by Benches constituted under \r\nclause (4). \r\n (6) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution but subject to an Act of Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament) in respect of the Islamabad High Court and an Act of Provincial Assembly in respect of other \r\nrespective High Courts, a High Court may make rules regulating the practice and procedure of the Constitutional \r\nBenches. \r\n(7) This Article shall come into force, if in respect of– \r\n(a)  the Islamabad High Court, both Houses of *[Majlis-e-Shoora] (Parliament) in the joint \r\nsitting; and \r\n(a) a High Court, the respective Provincial Assembly, \r\nthrough a resolution passed by majority of the total membership of the joint sitting or the \r\nrespective Provincial Assembly, as the case may be, give effect to the provisions of this Article.] \r\n203. High Court to superintend subordinate Courts. Each High Court shall supervise and control all \r\ncourts subordinate to it. \r\n1[CHAPTER 3A  \r\nFEDERAL SHARIAT COURT \r\n203A. Provisions of Chapter to override other provisions of Constitution. __ The provisions of this \r\nChapter shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution. \r\n203B. Definitions.__ In this Chapter, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,__ \r\n2[(a) ‘Chief Justice’ means Chief Justice of the Court;] \r\n(b) “Court” means the Federal Shariat Court constituted in pursuance of Article 203C ; \r\n3[(bb)  ‘Judge’ means Judge of the Court;] \r\n(c)  “law” includes any custom or usage having the force of law but does not include the \r\nConstitution, Muslim personal law, any law relating to the procedure of any court or \r\ntribunal or, until the expiration of 4[ten] years from the commencement of this Chapter, \r\nany fiscal law or any law relating to the levy and collection of taxes and fees or banking \r\nor insurance practice and procedure; and \r\n5[* * * * * * *] \r\n203C. The Federal Shariat Court.__ (1) There shall be constituted for the purposes of this Chapter a \r\nCourt to be called the Federal Shariat Court. \r\n6[(2) The Court shall consist of not more than eight Muslim 7[Judges], including the 7[Chief Justice], to \r\nbe appointed by the President 8[in accordance with Article 175A]. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1980 (P.O. No. 1 of 1980). Art. 3, (w.e.f. 26th May, 1980). \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (P. O. No. 5 of 1982), Art. 2. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (P. O. No. 5 of 1982), Art. 2. \r\n4Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n5Omitted by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (P. O. No. 5 of 1982), Art. 2. \r\n6Subs. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1981 (P. O. No. 7 of 1981), Art. 2. \r\n7Subs. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982, (P. O. No. 5 of 1982), Art. 3. \r\n8Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 74. \r\n*Corrected through corrigendum by the Legal Aid and Justice Authority (Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXIX of 2024). \r\n \r\n Page 98 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[(3) The Chief Justice shall be a person who is, or has been, or is qualified to be, a Judge of the \r\nSupreme Court or who is or has been a permanent Judge of a High Court 2[or a Judge of the Federal Shariat \r\nCourt qualified to be a Judge of the Supreme Court]. \r\n \r\n(3A) Of the Judges, not more than four shall be persons each one of whom is, or has been, or is \r\nqualified to be, a Judge of a High Court and not more than three shall be Ulema 3[having at least fifteen \r\nyears experience in Islamic law, research or instruction].] \r\n \r\n(4) The 4[Chief Justice] and a 5[Judge] shall hold office for a period not exceeding three years, but \r\nmay be appointed for such further term or terms as the President may determine: \r\nProvided that a Judge of a High Court shall not be appointed to be a 5[Judge] 6[* * * * * *] except \r\nwith his consent and 7[, except where the Judge is himself the Chief Justice,] after consultation by the \r\nPresident with the Chief Justice of the High Court. \r\n8[(4A) The 4[Chief Justice], if he is not a Judge of the Supreme Court, and a 5[Judge] who is not a \r\nJudge of a High Court, may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office.] \r\n9[(4B) The Chief Justice and a Judge shall not be removed from office except in the like manner \r\nand on the like grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court.] \r\n (4C) 10[*        * * * *          * *] \r\n(5) 10[*        *   * * *          * *] \r\n \r\n(6) The principal seat of the Court shall be at Islamabad, but the Court may from time to time sit in \r\nsuch other places in Pakistan as the 4[Chief Justice] may, with the approval of the President, appoint. \r\n \r\n(7) Before entering upon office, the 4[Chief Justice] and a 5[Judge] shall make before the President \r\nor a person nominated by him oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. \r\n \r\n(8) At any time when the 4[Chief Justice] or a 5[Judge] is absent or is unable to perform the functions \r\nof his office, the President shall appoint another person qualified for the purpose to act as 4[Chief Justice] \r\nor, as the case may be, 5[Judge]. \r\n \r\n11[(9)   A Chief Justice who is not a Judge of the Supreme Court shall be entitled to the same \r\nremuneration, allowances and privileges as are admissible to a Judge of the Supreme Court and a Judge \r\nwho is not a Judge of a High Court shall be entitled to the same remuneration, allowances and privileges \r\nas are admissible to a Judge of a High Court: \r\n \r\nProvided that where a Judge  is already drawing a pension for any other post in the service of \r\nPakistan, the amount of such pension shall be deducted from the pension admissible under this clause.] \r\n \r\n203CC. [Penal of Ulema and Ulema members.] Omitted by the Constitution (Second Amendment) \r\nOrder, 1981 (P.O. No. 7 of 1981), Art. 3, which was previously ins. by P.O. No. 5 of 1981, Art. 2. \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Third Amendment) Order 1985 (P. O. No. 24 of 1985), Art. 4. \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 18. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 74. \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (P. O. No. 5 of 1982), Art. 3. \r\n5Subs. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (P. O. No. 5 of 1982), Art. 3. \r\n6Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 74. \r\n7Subs. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (P. O. No. 4 of 1980), Art. 2. \r\n8Ins. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (P. O. No. 4 of 1980), Art. 2. \r\n9Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 74. \r\n10Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 74. \r\n11Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 74, and shall be deemed always to have been so, substituted. \r\nwith effect from the 21st day of August 2002. \r\n \r\n Page 99 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n203D. Powers, jurisdiction and functions of the Court. __ (1) The Court may, 1[either of its \r\nown motion or] on the petition of a citizen of Pakistan or the Federal Government or a Provincial \r\nGovernment, examine and decide the question whether or not any law or provision of law is repugnant \r\nto the Injunctions of I slam, as laid down in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet, \r\nhereinafter referred to as the Injunctions of Islam. \r\n2[(1A) Where the Court takes up the examination of any law or provision of law under clause \r\n(1) and such law or provision of law appears to it to be repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam, the Court \r\nshall cause to be given to the Federal Government in the case of a law with respect to a matter in the \r\nFederal Legislative List 3[* * * * *] or to the Provincial Government in the case of a law with respect \r\nto a matter not enumerated 4[in the Federal Legislative List], a notice specifying the particular \r\nprovisions that appear to it to be so repugnant, and afford to such Government adequate opportunity \r\nto have its point of view placed before the Court.] \r\n(2) If the Court decides that any law or provision of law is repugnant to the Injunctions of \r\nIslam, it shall set out in its decision :__ \r\n(a) the reasons for its holding that opinion; and \r\n(b) the extent to which such law or provision is so repugnant; \r\nand specify the day on which the decision shall take effect 5[:] \r\n6[Provided that no such decision shall be deemed to take effect before the expiration of the \r\nperiod within which an appeal therefrom may be preferred to the Supreme Court or, where  an appeal \r\nhas been so preferred, before the disposal of such appeal 7[:]] \r\n7[Provided further that appeal against decision given after the commencement of the \r\nConstitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (XXVI of 2024) shall be disposed of within twelve \r\nmonths whereafter the decision shall take effect unless suspended by the Supreme Court.] \r\n(3) If any law or provision of law is held by the Court to be repugnant to the Injunctions of \r\nIslam,__ \r\n(a) the President in the case of a law with respect to a matter  in the Federal \r\nLegislative List 3[* * *] or the Governor in the case of a law with respect to a \r\nmatter not enumerated in 4[said List] shall take steps to amend the law so as to \r\nbring such law or provision into conformity with the Injunctions of Islam; and \r\n(b) such law or provision shall, to the extent to which it is held to be so repugnant, \r\ncease to have effect on the day on which the decision of the Court takes effect. \r\n \r\n8[* * * * * * *] \r\n \r\n1Ins. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (P.O. No. 5 of 1982), Art. 4. \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1984 (P. O. No. 1 of 1984), Art. 2. \r\n3Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 75. \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 75.  \r\n5Subs. by the Constitution (Amendment) order, 1984 (P.O. No. 1 of 1984), Art. 2, and shall be deemed always to have been so substituted. \r\n6Added and shall be deemed always to have been so added ibid. \r\n7Subs. and added by the Constitution (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 19. \r\n8Omitted by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (P. O. No. 4 of 1980), Art. 3. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 100 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[203DD. Revisional and other jurisdiction of the Court. __ (1) The Court may call for and \r\nexamine the record of any case decided by any criminal court under any law relating to the enforcement \r\nof Hudood for the purpose of satisfying itself as to the correctness, legality or propriety of any finding, \r\nsentence or order recorded or passed by, and as to the regularity of any proceedings of, such court and \r\nmay, when calling for such record, direct that the execution of any sentence be suspended and, if the \r\naccused is in confinement, that he be released on bail or on his own bond pending the examination of \r\nthe record. \r\n(2) In any case the record of which has been called for by the Court, the Court may pass such \r\norder as it may deem fit and may enhance the sentence: \r\nProvided that nothing in this Article shall be deemed to authorise the Court to convert a finding \r\nof acquittal into one of conviction and no order under this Article shall be made to the prejudice of the \r\naccused unless he has had an opportunity of being heard in his own defence. \r\n(3) The Court shall have such other jurisdiction as may be conferred on it by or under any law.] \r\n203E. Powers and procedure of the Court. __ (1) For the purposes of the performance of its \r\nfunctions, the Court shall have the powers of a Civil Court trying a suit under the Code of Civil \r\nProcedure, 1908 (Act V of 1908), in respect of the following matters, namely:__ \r\n(a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on \r\noath; \r\n(b) requiring the discovery and production of any document; \r\n(c) receiving evidence on affidavits; and \r\n(d) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses or documents. \r\n(2) The Court shall have power to conduct its proceedings and regulate its procedure in all \r\nrespects as it deems fit. \r\n(3) The Court shall have the power of a High Court to punish its own contempt. \r\n(4) A party to any proceedings before the Court under clause (1) of Article 203D may be \r\nrepresented by a legal practitioner who is a Muslim and has been enrolled as an advocate of a High \r\nCourt for a period of not less than five years or as an advocate of the Supreme Court or by a jurisconsult \r\nselected by the party from out of a panel of jurisconsults maintained by the Court for the purpose. \r\n(5) For being eligible to have his name borne on the panel of jurisconsults referred to in clause \r\n(4), a person shall be an aalim who, in the opinion of the Court, is well-versed in Shariat. \r\n(6) A legal practitioner or jurisconsult representing a party before the Court shall not plead for \r\nthe party but shall state, expound and interpret the Injunctions of Islam relevant to the proceedings so \r\nfar as may be known to him and submit to the Court a written statement of his interpretation of such \r\nInjunctions of Islam. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (P. O. No. 5 of 1982), Art. 5. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 101 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(7) The Court may invite any person in Pakistan or abroad whom the Court considers to be \r\nwell-versed in Islamic law to appear before it and render such assistance as may be required of him. \r\n(8) No court fee shall be payable in respect of any petition or appli cation made to the Court \r\nunder 1[Article 203D]. \r\n2[(9) The Court shall have power to review any decision given or order made by it.] \r\n203F. Appeal to Supreme Court.__ (1) Any party to any proceedings before the Court under \r\nArticle 203D aggrieved by the final decision of the Court in such proceedings may, within sixty days \r\nof such decision, prefer an appeal to the Supreme Court 3[:] \r\n4[Provided that an appeal on behalf of the Federation or of a Province may be preferred within \r\nsix months of such decision.] \r\n(2) The provisions of clauses (2) and (3) of Article 203D and clauses (4) to (8) of Article 203E \r\nshall apply to and in relation to the Supreme Court as if reference in t hose provisions to Court were a \r\nreference to the Supreme Court. \r\n5[(2A) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence of \r\nthe Federal Shariat Court— \r\n(a) if the Federal Shariat  Court has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an \r\naccused person and sentenced him to death or imprisonment for life or \r\nimprisonment for a term exceeding fourteen years; or, on revision, has enhanced \r\na sentence as aforesaid; or \r\n(b) if the Federal S hariat Court has imposed any punishment on any person for \r\ncontempt of the Court. \r\n(2B) An appeal to the Supreme Court from a judgment, decision, order or sentence of the Federal \r\nShariat Court in a case to which the preceding clauses do not apply shall lie o nly if the Supreme Court \r\ngrants leave to appeal.] \r\n6[(3) For the purpose of the exercise of the jurisdiction conferred by this Article, there shall be \r\nconstituted in the Supreme Court a Bench to be called the Shariat Appellate Bench and consisting of__ \r\n(a) three Muslim Judges of the Supreme Court; and \r\n(b) not more than two Ulema to be appointed by the President to attend sittings of the \r\nBench as ad hoc members thereof from amongst the Judges of the Federal Shariat \r\nCourt or from out of a panel of Ulema to be drawn up by the President in \r\nconsultation with the Chief Justice. \r\n(4) A person appointed under paragraph (b) of clause (3) shall hold office for such period as the \r\nPresident may determine. \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (P. O. No. 4 of 1980), Art. 5. \r\n2Added by the Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1981 (P. O. No. 5 of 1981), Art. 3. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1983 (P. O. No. 9 of 1983), Art. 2. \r\n4Added ibid. \r\n5Ins. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (P. O. No. 5 of 1982), Art. 6. \r\n6Subs. by the Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1982 (P. O. No. 12 of 1982), Art. 2. \r\n \r\n Page 102 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(5) Reference in clauses (1) and (2) to “Supreme Court” shall be construed as a reference to the \r\nShariat Appellate Bench. \r\n(6) While attending sittings of the Shariat Appellate Bench, a person appointed under paragraph \r\n(b) of clause (3) shall have the same power and jurisdiction, and be entitled to the same privileges, as a \r\nJudge of the Supreme Court and be paid such allowances as the President may determine.] \r\n203G. Bar of jurisdiction.__ Save as provided in Article 203F, no court or tribunal, including the \r\nSupreme Court and a High Court, shall entertain any proceedings or exercise any power or jurisdiction in \r\nrespect of any matter within the power or jurisdiction of the Court. \r\n1[203GG. Decision of Court binding on High Court and courts subordinate to it.  Subject to \r\nArticles 203D and 203F, any decision of the Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction under this Chapter \r\nshall be binding on a High Court and on all courts subordinate to a High Court.] \r\n203H. Pending proceedings to continue, etc. __ (1) Subject to clause (2) nothing in this Chapter \r\nshall be deemed to require any proceedings pending in any court or tribunal immediatel y before the \r\ncommencement of this Chapter or initiated after such commencement, to be adjourned or stayed by reason \r\nonly of a petition having been made to the Court for a decision as to whether or not a law or provision of \r\nlaw relevant to the decision of t he point in issue in such proceedings is repugnant to the Injunctions of \r\nIslam; and all such proceedings shall continue, and the point in issue therein shall be decided, in accordance \r\nwith the law for the time being in force. \r\n(2) All proceedings under clause (1) of Article 203B of the Constitution that may be pending before \r\nany High Court immediately before the commencement of this Chapter shall stand transferred to the Court \r\nand shall be dealt with by the Court from the stage from which they are so transferred. \r\n(3) Neither the Court nor the Supreme Court shall in the exercise of its jurisdiction under this \r\nChapter have power to grant an injunction or make any interim order in relation to any proceedings pending \r\nin any other court or tribunal. \r\n203I. [Administrative arrangements, etc.,] Omitted by the Constitution (Second Amendment) \r\nOrder, 1982, (P.O. No. 5 of 1982), Art. 8. \r\n203J. Power to make rules.__ (1) The Court may, by notification in the official Gazette, make \r\nrules for carrying out the purposes of this Chapter. \r\n(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may \r\nmake provision in respect of all or any of the following matters, namely :__ \r\n(a) the scale of payment of honoraria to be made to jurisconsults, experts and \r\nwitnesses summoned by the Court to defray the expenses, if any, incurred by \r\nthem in attending for the purposes of the proceedings before the Court; 2[*] \r\n(b)  the form of oath to be made by a Jurisconsult, expert or witness appearing before \r\nthe Court 3[;] \r\n \r\n \r\n1Ins. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (P. O. No. 5 of 1982), Art. 7. \r\n2Omitted by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (P. O. No. 4 of 1980), Art. 6. \r\n3Subs. ibid. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 103 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[(c)  the powers and functions of the Court being exercised or performed by Benches \r\nconsisting of one or more members constituted by the Chairman; \r\n(d) the decision of the Court being expressed in terms of the opinion of the majority \r\nof its members or, as the case may be, of the members constituting a Bench; and \r\n(e) the decision of cases in which the members constituting a Bench are equally \r\ndivided in their opinion.] \r\n(3) Until rules are made under clause (1), the Shariat Benches of Superior Courts Rules, 1979, \r\nshall, with the necessary modifications and so far as they are not inconsistent with the provisions of \r\nthis Chapter, continue in force.] \r\nCHAPTER 4. – GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE JUDICATURE \r\n2[204. Contempt of Court. __ (1) In this Article, “Court” means the 3[Federal Constitutional \r\nCourt or the] Supreme Court or a High Court. \r\n(2) A Court shall have power to punish any person who__ \r\n(a) abuses, interferes with or obstructs the process of the Court in any way or \r\ndisobeys any order of the Court; \r\n(b) scandalizes the Court or otherwise does anything which tends to bring the Court \r\nor a Judge of the Court into hatred, ridicule or contempt; \r\n(c) does anything which tends to prejudice the determination of a matter pending \r\nbefore the Court; or \r\n(d) does any other thing which, by law, constitutes contempt of the Court. \r\n(3) The exercise of the power conferred on a Court by this Article may be regulated by law \r\nand, subject to law, by rules made by the Court.] \r\n205. Remuneration etc., of Judges.__ The remuneration and other ter ms and conditions of \r\nservice of a Judge of 3[Federal Constitutional Court or] the Supreme Court or of a High Court shall be \r\nas provided in the Fifth Schedule. \r\n206. Resignation. __ 4[(1)] A Judge of the 3[Federal Constitutional Court or of the] Supreme \r\nCourt or of a High Court may resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the President. \r\n3[(2) A Judge of a High Court who does not accept appointment as a Judge of the Federal \r\nConstitutional Court or the Supreme Court or a Judge of the Supreme Court who does not accept \r\nappointment as a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court shall be deemed to have retired from his \r\noffice and, on retirement, shall be entitled to receive a pension calculated on the basis of the length of \r\nhis service as Judge and total service, if any, in the service of Pakistan.] \r\n \r\n1Added by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (P. O. No. 4 of 1980), Art. 6. \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1985 (P. O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n3Ins. and sub. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), ss. 43-45. \r\n4Renumbered by the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Act No. LXII of 1976), s. 14, (w.e.f. the 13th September, 1976). \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 104 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n207. Judge not to hold office of profit, etc.__ (1) A Judge of the 1[Federal Constitutional Court \r\nor of the Supreme Court] or of a High Court shall not__ \r\n(a) hold any other office of profit in the service of Pakistan if his remuneration is \r\nthereby increased; or \r\n(b) occupy any other position carrying the right to remuneration for the rendering \r\nof services. \r\n(2) A person who has held office as a Judge of the 1[Federal Constitutional Court or of the \r\nSupreme Court] or of a High Court shall not hold any office of profit in the service of Pakistan, not \r\nbeing a judicial or quasi-judicial office or the office of Chief E lection Commissioner or of Chairman \r\nor member of a Law Commission or of Chairman or member of the Council of Islamic Ideology, before \r\nthe expiration of two years after he has ceased to hold that office. \r\n(3) A person who has held office as a permanent Judge__ \r\n(a) of the 1[Federal Constitutional Court or of the Supreme Court] , shall not plead \r\nor act in any court or before any authority in Pakistan; 1[and] \r\n(b) of a High Court, shall not plead or act in any court or before any authority within \r\nits jurisdiction 1[.] \r\n(c) 1[* * * * * * *] \r\n208. Officers and servants of Courts.  The 1[Federal Constitutional Court, the]  2[Supreme \r\nCourt, the Federal Shariat Court  and the Islamabad High Court ], with the approval of the President \r\nand a High Court, with the approval of the  Governor concerned, may make rules providing for the \r\nappointment by the Court of officers and servants of the Court and for their ter ms and conditions of \r\nemployment 1[:] \r\n1[Provided that till such time rules are made in this regard, the rules providing for  the \r\nappointment of officers and servants of the Supreme Court and for their terms and conditions of \r\nemployment shall mutatis mutandis apply to the officers and servants of the Federal Constitutional \r\nCourt.] \r\n2[209. Supreme Judicial Council.—(1) There shall be a Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan, \r\nin this Chapter referred to as the Council. \r\n1[(2) The Council shall consist of— \r\n(a)  the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court;  \r\n(b)  the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court;  \r\n(c)  one next most senior  Judge each of the Federal Constitutional Court and the \r\nSupreme Court; \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs., ins. omitted and added by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), ss. 46-48. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024). ss.20-21.  \r\n \r\n Page 105 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(d)  a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court jointly \r\nnominated by the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court and the Chief \r\nJustice of the Supreme Court, for a period of two years;  \r\n(e)  the two most senior Chief Justices of the High Courts. \r\nExplanation I. – The senior amongst the Chief Justice of the Federal \r\nConstitutional Court and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall be the \r\nChairperson of the Council. Their inter se seniority shall be determined with \r\nreference to their dates of appointment as the Chief Justices of the Federal \r\nConstitutional Court and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court otherwise than \r\nas acting Chief Justice, in case the dates of such appointment are the same, with \r\nreference to their dates of appointment as Judges of the High Courts. \r\nExplanation II. – If a Judge may not be nominated under paragraph (d), the \r\nrespective Chief Justices shall forward one nominee each to the President who shall, \r\non advice of the Prime Minister, nominate one of them as a Judge under paragraph (d). \r\nExplanation III. – For the purposes of this clause, the inter se seniority of the \r\nChief Justices of the High Courts shall be determined with reference to their dates of \r\nappointment as Chief Justice otherwise than as acting Chief Justice, and in case the \r\ndates of such appointment are the same, with reference to their dates of appointment as \r\nJudges of the High Courts.] \r\n \r\n1[(3) If at any time, the Council is inquiring into the capacity, inefficiency or conduct of a Judge \r\nwho is a member of the Council, or a member of the Council is absent or is unable to act due to illness \r\nor any other cause, then if such member is the– \r\n(a)  Chief Justice or Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court, \r\nas the case may be, the Judge who is next in seniority below the Judges referred \r\nto in paragraph (c) of clause (2), as the case may be; \r\n(b)  Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court or the  Supreme Court referred to in \r\nparagraph (d) of clause (2), another Judge nominated under paragraph (d) or \r\nExplanation II of clause (2); and \r\n(c)  Chief Justice of a High Court, the Chief Justice of another High Court who is \r\nnext in seniority amongst the Chief Justices of the remaining High Courts, \r\nshall act as a member of the Council in his place.] \r\n(4) If, upon any matter inquired into by the Council, there is a difference of opinion amongst \r\nits members, the opinion of the majority shall prevail, and the report of the Council to the President \r\nshall be expressed in terms of the view of the majority. \r\n(5) If, on information from any source or the report from the Commission under clause (19) of \r\nArticle 175A 1[and Article 200] , the Council or the President is o f the opinion that a Judge  1[of the \r\nFederal Constitutional Court or] of the Supreme Court or of a High Court- \r\n(a) may be incapable of properly performing the duties of his office by reason of \r\nphysical or mental incapacity; or \r\n \r\n1Subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 48. \r\n \r\n Page 106 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(b) may be inefficient in the performance of the duties of his office; or \r\n(c) may have been guilty of misconduct, 1[or] \r\n1[(d) does not accept a transfer under Article 200.] \r\nthe Council, on its own motion or on receipt of report from the Commission under clause (19) of \r\nArticle 175A 1[and Article 200] or on the direction of the President, shall inquire into the matter. \r\n(6) If, after inquiring into the matter, without unne cessary delay and in case of report or \r\ndirection under clause (5), within six months  1[and within thirty days  in case where paragraph (d) \r\napplies], the Council reports to the President that it is of the opinion that – \r\n(a) the Judge is incapable of performing the duties of his office or is found inefficient \r\nin performance of the duties of his office or has been guilty of misconduct  1[or \r\ndoes not accept transfer under Article 200]; and \r\n(b) he should be removed from office,  \r\nthe President may remove the Judge from office. \r\n(7) A Judge 1[of the Federal Constitutional Court or] of the Supreme Court or of a High Court \r\nshall not be removed from office except as provided by this Article. \r\n(8) The Council shall issue a code of conduct to be observed by Judges of  1[the Federal \r\nConstitutional Court,] the Supreme Court and the High Courts. \r\n(9) Subject to the rules made by the Council, there shall be a secretariat of the Council to be \r\nheaded by a secretary and shall include such other officers and staff, as may be necessary.] \r\n1[(10) Within sixty days of commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) \r\nAct, 2025, the Council shall make rules regulating its procedure and conduct of business.] \r\n210. Power of Council to enforce attendance of persons, etc. __ (1) For the  purpose of \r\ninquiring into any matter, the Council shall have the same power as the 1[the Federal Constitutional \r\nCourt or the Supreme Court] has to issue directions or orders for securing the attendance of any person \r\nor the discovery or production of any document; and any such direction or order shall be enforceable \r\nas if it had been issued by the 1[the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court.] \r\n(2) The provisions of Article 204 shall apply to the Council as they apply to the 1[Federal \r\nConstitutional Court, the Supreme Court] and a High Court. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Ins. and subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 48-49. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 107 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n211. Bar of jurisdiction.  The proceedings before the Council, its report to the President and \r\nthe removal of a Judge under clause (6) of Article 209 shall not be called in question in any court. \r\n212. Administrative Courts and Tribunals.__ (1) Notwithstanding anything hereinbefore \r\ncontained the appropriate Legislature may by Act 1[provide for the establishment of] one or more \r\nAdministrative Courts or Tribunals to exercise exclusive jurisdiction in respect of__ \r\n(a) matters relating to the terms and conditions of persons 2[who are or have been] \r\nin the service of Pakistan, including disciplinary matters; \r\n(b) matters relating to claims arising from tortious acts of Government, or any \r\nperson in the service of Pakistan, or of any local or other authority empowered \r\nby law to levy any tax or cess and any servant of such authority acting in the \r\ndischarge of his duties as such servant; or \r\n(c) matters relating to the acquisition, administration and disposal of any property \r\nwhich is deemed to be enemy property under any law. \r\n(2) Notwithstanding anything hereinbefore contained where any Administrative Court or \r\nTribunal is established under clause (1), no other court shall grant an injunction, make any order or \r\nentertain any procee dings in respect of any matter to which the jurisdiction of such Administrative \r\nCourt or Tribunal extends 3[and all proceedings in respect of any such matter which may be pending \r\nbefore such other court immediately before the establishment of the Administrative Court or Tribunal \r\n4[, other than an appeal pending before the Supreme Court,] shall abate on such establishment] : \r\nProvided that the provisions of this clause shall not apply to an Administrative Court or \r\nTribunal established under an Act of a Provincial Assembly unless, at the request of that Assembly \r\nmade in the form of a resolution, 5[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] b y law6 extends the provisions to \r\nsuch a Court or Tribunal. \r\n(3) An appeal to the Supreme Court from a judgment, decree, order or sentence of an \r\nAdministrative Court or Tribunal shall lie only if the Supreme Court, being satisfied that the case \r\ninvolves a substantial question of law of public importance, grants leave to appeal. \r\n212A. [Establishment of Military Courts or Tribunals.] Omitted by S.R.O. No. 1278 (1) 85, \r\ndated 30-12-85, read with proclamation of withdrawal of Martial Law dated 30 -12-85 see Gaz. of P. \r\n1985, Ext., Pt. 1, dated 30 -12-85, pp. 431-432, which was previously added by P.O. No. 21 of 1979, \r\nArt. 2. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s. 12 and shall be deemed always to have been so substituted. \r\n2Ins. and shall be deemed always to have been so inserted ibid. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974) s. 12 and shall be deemed always to have been so inserted. \r\n4Ins. by the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Act No. LXII of 1976), s. 15 and shall be deemed always to have been so inserted. \r\n5Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n6For such law see the Provincial Service Tribunals (Extension of Provisions of the Constitution) Act, 1974 (Act No. XXXII of 1974). \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 108 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n212B. [Establishment of Special Courts for trial of heinous offences.] Repealed by the \r\nConstitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (14 of1991), s. 1 (3), (w.e.f. 26th July, 1994), which was \r\npreviously added by Act 14 of 1991 s. 2, (w.e.f. 27th July, 1991). \r\nPART VIII \r\nELECTIONS \r\nCHAPTER 1.__ CHIEF ELECTION COMMISSIONER AND ELECTION 1[COMMISSION] \r\n213. Chief Election Commissioner .__ (1) There shall be a Chief Election Commissioner (in \r\nthis Part referred to as the Commissioner), who shall be appointed by the President 2[* * *]. \r\n1[(2) No person shall be appointed to be Commissioner unless he has been a Judge of the \r\nSupreme Court or has been a senior civil servant or is a technocrat and is not more than sixty -eight \r\nyears of age. \r\nExplanation 1.__ “senior civil servant” means a civil servant who has served for at least twenty \r\nyears under Federal or a Provincial Government and has retired in BPS-22 or above. \r\nExplanation 2 .__ “technocrat” means a person who is the holder of a degree requiring \r\nconclusion of at least sixteen years of education, recognized by the Higher Education Commission and \r\nhas at least twenty years of experience, including a  record of achievements at the national or \r\ninternational level.] \r\n3[(2A) The Prime Minister shall in consultation with the Leader of the Opposition in the \r\nNational Assembly, forward three names for appointment of the Commissioner to a Parliamentary \r\nCommittee for hearing and confirmation of any one person 1[:] \r\n1[Provided that in case there is no consensus between the Prime Minister and the Leader of the \r\nOpposition, each shall forward separate lists to the Parliamentary Committee for consideration which \r\nmay confirm any one name.] \r\n(2B) The Parliamentary Committee to be constituted by the Speaker shall comprise fifty \r\npercent members from the Treasury Benches and fifty percent from the Opposition Parties, based on \r\ntheir strength in Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament), to be nominated by the respective Parliamentary \r\nLeaders: \r\n1[*  *  *  *  * * *] \r\n4[Provided 1[*] that the total strength of the Parliamentary Committee shall be twelve members \r\nout of which one-third shall be from the Senate.] \r\nProvided 1[further] that when the National Assembly is dissolved and a vacancy occurs in the \r\noffice of the Chief Election Commissioner, 5[total membership of the Parliamentary Committee shall \r\nconsist of] the members from the Senate only and the foregoing provisions of this clause shall, mutatis \r\nmutandis, apply.] \r\n \r\n1Subs., Ins. and Omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (Act No. XXV of 2016), ss. 3-4. \r\n2Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 77. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 77. \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 2011 (Act No. I of 2011), s. 6. \r\n5Subs. by the Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 2011 (Act No. I of 2011), s. 6. \r\n \r\n Page 109 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(3) The Commissioner 1[or a member] shall have such powers and functions as are conferred \r\non him by the Constitution and law. \r\n214. 2[*] Oath of Office. Before entering upon office, the Commissioner shall make before the \r\nChief Justice of Pakistan 2[, and a member of the Election Commission shall make before the \r\nCommissioner,] oath in the form set-out in the Third Schedule. \r\n215. Term of office of Commissioner 2[and members]. __ (1) The Commissioner 2[and a \r\nmember] shall, subject to this Article, hold office for a term of 3[five] years from the day he enters \r\nupon his office: \r\n1[Provided that two of the members shall retire after the expiration of first two and a half years \r\nand two shall retire after the expiration of the next two and a half years: \r\n4[Provided further that the Commissioner and a member shall, notwithstanding the expiration \r\nof his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon the office:] \r\nProvided 4[also] that the Commission shall for the first term of office of members draw a lot as \r\nto which two members shall retire after the first two and a half years: \r\nProvided also that the term of office of a member appointed to fill a casual vacancy sha ll be \r\nthe un-expired term of office of the member whose vacancy he has filled.] \r\n5[* * *          * * * *] \r\n(2) The Commissioner 2[or a member] shall not be removed from office except in the manner \r\nprescribed in Article 209 for the removal from office of a Judge and, in the application  of the Article \r\nfor the purposes of this clause, any reference in that Article to a Judge shall be construed as a reference \r\nto the Commissioner 2[or, as the case may be, a member]. \r\n(3) The Commissioner 2[or a member] may, by writing under his hand addresse d to the \r\nPresident, resign his office. \r\n1[(4)   Vacancy in the office of the Commissioner or a member shall be filled within forty-five \r\ndays.] \r\n216. Commissioner 2[and members] not to hold office of profit. __ (1) The Commissioner \r\n2[or a member] shall not__ \r\n(a) hold any other office of profit in the service of Pakistan; or \r\n(b) occupy any other position carrying the right to remuneration for the rendering \r\nof services. \r\n(2) A person who has held office as Commissioner 2[or a member] shall not hold any office of \r\nprofit in the service of Pakistan before the expiration of two years after he has ceased to hold that office \r\n1[.] \r\n \r\n1Ins. and subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (Act No. XXV of 2016), ss.4-6. \r\n2Omitted, Ins. and added by the Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012 (Act No. V of 2012), ss.3-5. \r\n3Subs by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s.78. \r\n4Ins. and Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s.22. \r\n5Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 78. \r\n \r\n Page 110 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[* * * * * * *] \r\n2[* * * * * * *] \r\n217. Acting Commissioner. At any time when__ \r\n(a) the office of Commissioner is vacant, or \r\n(b) the Commissioner is absent or is  unable to perform the functions of his office \r\ndue to any other cause, \r\n1[the most senior member in age of the members of Commission] shall act as Commissioner. \r\n218. Election Commission. __ 2[(1) For the purpose of election to both Houses of Majlis -e- \r\nShoora (Parliament), Provincial Assemblies and for election to such other public offices as may be \r\nspecified by law, a permanent Election Commission shall be constituted in accordance with this \r\nArticle.] \r\n2[(2) The Election Commission shall consist of,__ \r\n(a) the Commissioner who shall be the Chairman of the Commission; and \r\n1[(b)  four members, one from each Province, each of whom shall be a person who \r\nhas been a judge of a High Court or has been a senior civil servant or is a \r\ntechnocrat and is not more than sixty -five years of age, to be appointed by the \r\nPresident in the manner provided for appointment of the Commissioner in \r\nclauses (2A) and (2B) of Article 213.] \r\nExplanation.__ “senior civil servant” and “technocrat” shall have the \r\nsame meaning as given in clause (2) of Article 213.] \r\n(3) It shall be the duty of the Election Commission 3[******] to organize and conduct the \r\nelection and to make such arrangements as are necessary to ensure that the election is conducted \r\nhonestly, justly, fairly and in accordance with law, and that corrupt practices are guarded against. \r\n219. Duties of 1[Commission]. The 2[Commission] shall be charged with the duty of__ \r\n1[(a)  preparing electoral rolls for election to the National Assembly, Provincial \r\nAssemblies and local governments, and revising such rolls periodically to keep \r\nthem up-to-date;] \r\n(b) organizing and conducting election to the Senate or to fill casual vacancies in a \r\nHouse or a Provincial Assembly; and \r\n(c) appointing Election Tribunals 2[;] \r\n2[(d) the holding of general ele ctions to the National Assembly, Provincial \r\nAssemblies and the local governments; and \r\n \r\n1Omitted and subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (Act No. XXV of 2016), ss.6-9. \r\n2Omitted, subs. and added by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), ss.79-81. \r\n3Omitted by the Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012 (Act No. V of 2012), s.6. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 111 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(e) such other functions as may be specified by an Act of Majlis -e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament) 1[:] ] \r\n1[Provided that till such time as the members of the Commission are first appointed in \r\naccordance with the provisions of paragraph (b) of clause (2) of Article 218 pursuant to the \r\nConstitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, and enter upon their office, the Commissioner shall \r\nremain charged with the duties enumerated in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this Article.] \r\n220. Executive authorities to assist Commission, etc.  It shall be the duty of all executive \r\nauthorities in the Federation and in the Provinces to assist the Commis sioner and the Election \r\nCommission in the discharge of his or their functions. \r\n221. Officers and 2[staff]. Until 3[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] by law otherwise provides, \r\nthe 4[Election Commission] may, with the approval of the President, make rules providing for the \r\nappointment by the 2[Commissioner] of officers and 2[staff] to be employed in connection with the \r\nfunctions of the 5[* * *] Election Commission and for their terms and conditions of employment. \r\nCHAPTER 2.__ ELECTORAL LAWS AND CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS \r\n222. Electoral laws. Subject to the Constitution, 3[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] may by law \r\nprovide for__ \r\n(a) the allocation of seats in the National Assembly as required by clauses (3) and \r\n(4) of Article 51; \r\n(b) the delimitation of constituencies by the Election Commission 2[including \r\ndelimitation of constituencies of local governments;] \r\n(c) the preparation of electoral rolls, the requirements as to residence in a \r\nconstituency, the determination of objections pertaining to and the \r\ncommencement of electoral rolls; \r\n(d) the conduct of elections and election petitions the decision of doubts and \r\ndisputes arising in connection with elections; \r\n(e) matters relating to corrupt pract ices and other offences in connection with \r\nelections; and \r\n(f) all other matters necessary for the due constitution of the two Houses 2[, ]2[*] \r\nthe Provincial Assemblies 2[and local governments;] \r\n \r\n1Subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012 (Act No. V of 2012) ss.7-10. \r\n2Subs., added and omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (Act No. XXV of 2016), ss.9-11. \r\n3Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 82. \r\n5Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 82. \r\n \r\n \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 112 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nbut no such law shall have the effect of taking away or abridging any of the powers of the \r\nCommissioner or 1[the] Election Commission under this Part. \r\n223. Bar against double membership.__ (1) No person shall, at the same time, be a member \r\nof__ \r\n(a) both Houses; or \r\n(b) a House and a Provincial Assembly; or \r\n(c) the Assemblies of two or more Provinces; or \r\n(d) a House or a Provincial Assembly in respect of more than one seat. \r\n(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall prevent a person from being a candidate for two or more seats \r\nat the same time, whether in the same body or in different bodies, but if he is elected to more than one \r\nseat he shall, within a period of thirty days after the declaration of the result for the last such seat, \r\nresign all but one of his seats, a nd if he does not so resign, all the seats to which he has been elected \r\nshall become vacant at the expiration of the said period of thirty days except the seat to which he has \r\nbeen elected last or, if he has been elected to more than one seat on the same day, the seat for election \r\nto which his nomination was filed last. \r\nExplanation.__ In this clause, “body” means either House or a Provincial Assembly. \r\n(3) A person to whom clause (2) applies shall not take a seat in either House or the Provincial \r\nAssembly to which he has been elected until he has resigned all but one of his seats. \r\n(4) Subject to clause (2) if a member of either House or of a Provincial Assembly becomes a \r\ncandidate for a second seat which, in accordance with clause (1), he may not hold concurr ently with \r\nhis first seat, then his first seat shall become vacant as soon as he is elected to the second seat. \r\n224. Time of Election and bye -election.__ 2[(1) A general election to the National Assembly \r\nor a Provincial Assembly shall be held within a period of sixty days immediately following the day on \r\nwhich the term of the Assembly is due to expire, unless the Assembly has been sooner dissolved, and \r\nthe results of the election shall be declared not later than fourteen days before that day.] \r\n3[(1A) On dissolution of the Assembly on completion of its term, or in case it is dissolved under \r\nArticle 58 or Article 112, the President, or the Governor, as the case may be, shall appoint a care-taker \r\nCabinet: \r\nProvided that the care -taker Prime Minister shall be 4[appointed] by the President in \r\nconsultation with the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition in the outgoing National \r\nAssembly, and a care-taker Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor in consultation with the \r\nChief Minister and the Leader of the Opposition in the outgoing Provincial Assembly: \r\n4[Provided further that if the Prime Minister or a Chief Minister and their respective Leader of \r\nthe Opposition do not agree on any person to be appointed as a care-taker Prime Minister or the care-\r\ntaker Chief Minister, as the case may be, the provisions of Article 224A shall be followed:] \r\n \r\n1Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (Act No. XXV of 2016), s.11. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 83. \r\n3Ins. ibid. \r\n4Subs. and ins.by the Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012 (Act No. V of 2012) s.8. \r\n \r\n Page 113 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nProvided 1[also] that the Members of the Federal and Provincial care -taker Cabinets shall be \r\nappointed on the advice of the care-taker Prime Minister or the care-taker Chief Minister, as the case \r\nmay be. \r\n(1B) Members of the care-taker Cabinets including the care- taker Prime Minister and the care-\r\ntaker Chief Minister and their immediate family members shall not be eligible to contest the  \r\nimmediately following elections to such Assemblies. \r\nExplanation.__ In this clause, “immediate family members” means spouse and children.] \r\n(2) When the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly is dissolved, a general election to \r\nthe Assembly shall be hel d within a period of ninety days after the dissolution, and the results of the \r\nelection shall be declared not later than fourteen days after the conclusion of the polls. \r\n(3) An election to fill the seats in the Senate which are to become vacant on the expi ration of \r\nthe term of the members of the Senate shall be held not earlier than thirty days immediately preceding \r\nthe day on which the vacancies are due to occur. \r\n(4) When, except by dissolution of the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly, a 2[*]seat \r\nin any such Assembly has become vacant not later than one hundred and twenty days before the term \r\nof that Assembly is due to expire, an election to fill the seat shall be held within sixty days from the \r\noccurrence of the vacancy. \r\n(5) When a seat in the Senate has become vacant, an election to fill the seat shall be held within \r\nthirty days from the occurrence of the vacancy. \r\n3[(6) When a seat reserved for women or non-Muslims in the National Assembly or a Provincial \r\nAssembly falls vacant, on account of death , resignation or disqualification of a member, it shall be \r\nfilled by the next person in order of precedence from the party list of the candidates to be submitted to \r\nthe Election Commission by the political party whose member has vacated such seat1[:]] \r\n1[Provided that if at any time the party list is exhausted, the concerned political party may \r\nsubmit a name for any vacancy which may occur thereafter.] \r\n4[* * * * * * *] \r\n1[224A. Resolution by Committee or Election Commission.__ (1) In case the Prime Minister \r\nand the Leader of the Opposition in the outgoing National Assembly do not agree on any person to be \r\nappointed as the care -taker Prime Minister, within three days of the dissolution of the National \r\nAssembly, they shall forward two nominees each to a Committee to be immediately constituted by the \r\nSpeaker of the National Assembly, comprising eight members of the outgoing National Assembly, or \r\nthe Senate, or both, having equal representation from the Treasury and the Opposition, to be nominated \r\nby the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition respectively. \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs., added and Ins. by the Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012 (Act No. V of 2012) ss.8-9. \r\n2Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s.2. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 83 and shall be deemed always to have been so inserted with \r\neffect from the 21st day of August 2002. \r\n4Clause (7) stands omitted as a consequence (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), see section 2. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 114 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(2) In case a Chief Minister and the Leader of the Opposition in the outgoing Provi ncial \r\nAssembly do not agree on any person to be appointed as the care -taker Chief Minister, within three \r\ndays of the dissolution of that Assembly, they shall forward two nominees each to a Committee to be \r\nimmediately constituted by the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly, comprising six members of the \r\noutgoing Provincial Assembly having equal representation from the Treasury and the O pposition, to \r\nbe nominated by the Chief Minister and the Leader of the Opposition respectively. \r\n(3) The Committee constituted under clause (1) or (2) shall finalize the name of the care-taker \r\nPrime Minister or care-taker Chief Minister, as the case may be, within three days of the referral of the \r\nmatter to it: \r\nProvided that in case of inability of the Committee to decide the matter in the aforesaid period, \r\nthe names of the nominees shall be referred to the Election Commission of Pakistan for final decision \r\nwithin two days. \r\n(4) The incumbent Prime Minister and the incumbent Chief Minister shall continue to hold \r\noffice till appointment of the care-taker Prime Minister and the care-taker Chief Minister, as the case \r\nmay be. \r\n(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in clauses (1) and (2), if the members of the Opposition \r\nare less than five in the Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament) and less than four in any Provincial Assembly, \r\nthen all of  them shall be members of the Committee mentioned in the aforesaid clauses and the \r\nCommittee shall be deemed to be duly constituted.] \r\n225. Election dispute.  No election to a House or a Provincial Assembly shall be called in \r\nquestion except by an election petition presented to such tribunal and in such manner as may be \r\ndetermined by Act of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).] \r\n2[226. Election by secret ballot. All elections under the Constitution, other than those of the \r\nPrime Minister and the Chief Minister, shall be by secret ballot.] \r\nPART IX \r\nISLAMIC PROVISIONS \r\n227. Provisions relating to the Holy Quran and Sunnah. __ (1) All existing laws shall be \r\nbrought in conformity with the Injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah, in \r\nthis part referred to as the Injunctions of Islam, and no law shall be enacted which is repugnant to such \r\nInjunctions. \r\n3[Explanation.__ In the application of this clause to the personal law of any Muslim sect, the \r\nexpression \"Quran and Sunnah\" shall mean the Quran and Sunnah as interpreted by that sect.] \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 84. \r\n3Added by the Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1980 (P.O.No.14 of 1980), Art. 2. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 115 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(2) Effect shall be given to the provisions of clause (1) only in the manner provided in this Part. \r\n(3) Nothing in this Part shall affect the personal laws of non- Muslim citizens or their status as \r\ncitizens. \r\n228. Composition, etc., of Islamic Council.__ (1)    There shall be constituted1 within a period \r\nof ninety days from the commencing day a Council of Islamic Ideology, in this part referred to as the \r\nIslamic Council. \r\n(2) The Islamic Council shall consist of such members, being not less than eight and not more \r\nthan 2[twenty] as the President may appoint from amongst persons having knowledge of the principles \r\nand philosophy of Islam as enunciated in the Holy Quran and Sunnah, or understanding of the \r\neconomic, political, legal or administrative problems of Pakistan. \r\n(3) While appointing members of the Islamic Council, the President shall ensure that__ \r\n(a) so far as practicable various schools of thought are represented in the Council; \r\n(b) not less than two of the members are persons each of whom is, or has  been a \r\nJudge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court; \r\n(c) not less than 3[one third] of the members are persons each of whom has been \r\nengaged, for a period of not less than fifteen years, in Islamic research or \r\ninstruction; and \r\n(d) at least one member is a woman. \r\n4[(4) The President shall appoint one of the members of the Islamic Council to be the \r\nChairman thereof.] \r\n(5) Subject to clause (6), a member of the Islamic Council shall hold office for a period of three \r\nyears. \r\n(6) A member may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office or \r\nmay be removed by the President upon the passing of a resolution for his removal by a majority of the \r\ntotal membership of the Islamic Council. \r\n229. Reference by 5[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)], etc., to Islamic Council. The President \r\nor the Governor of a Province may, or if 6[one-fourth] of its total membership so requires, a House or \r\na Provincial Assembly shall, refer to the Islamic Council for advice any question as to whether a \r\nproposed law is or is not repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam. \r\n \r\n \r\n1For the notification constituting the Council of Islamic Ideology, see Gaz. of Pak..1974, Ext., Pt. II, p. 165. For the Council of Islamic Ideology (Terms \r\nand Conditions of Members) Rules, 1974, see Gaz. of Pak., Ext., Pt. II, p. 1727. \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Order, 1980 (P.O. No. 16 of 1980), Art. 2. \r\n3Subs by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 85. \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Order, 1982 (P.O. No. 13 of 1982), Art. 2. \r\n5Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n6Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 23. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 116 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n230. Functions of the Islamic Council. __ (1)      The functions of the Islamic Council shall \r\nbe__ \r\n(a) to make recommendations to 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] and the Provincial \r\nAssemblies as to the ways and means of enabling and encouraging the Muslims \r\nof Pakistan to order their lives individually and collectively in all respects in \r\naccordance with the principles and concepts of Islam as enunciated in the Holy \r\nQuran and Sunnah; \r\n(b) to advise a House, a Provincial Assembly, the President or a Governor on any \r\nquestion referred to the Council as to whether  a proposed law is or is not \r\nrepugnant to the Injunctions of Islam; \r\n(c) to make recommendations as to the measures for bringing existing laws into \r\nconformity with the Injunctions of Islam  and the stages by which such \r\nmeasures should be brought  into effect; and \r\n(d) to compile in a suitable form, for the guidance of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament)] and the Provincial Assemblies, such Injunctions of Islam as can \r\nbe given legislative effect. \r\n(2) When, under Article 299, a question is referred by a House, a Provincial Assembly, the \r\nPresident or a Governor to the Islamic Council, the Counc il shall, within fifteen days thereof, inform \r\nthe House, the Assembly, the President or the Governor, as the case may be, of the period within which \r\nthe Council expects to be able to furnish that advice. \r\n(3) Where a House, a Provincial Assembly, the President or the Governor, as the case may be, \r\nconsiders that, in the public interest, the making of the proposed law in relation to which the question \r\narose should not be postponed until the advice of the Islamic Council is furnished, the law may be \r\nmade before the advice is furnished: \r\nProvided that, where a law is referred for advice to the Islamic Council and the Council advises \r\nthat the law is repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam, the House or, as the case may be, the Provincial \r\nAssembly, the President or the Governor shall reconsider the law so made. \r\n(4) The Islamic Council shall submit its final report within seven years of its appointment, and \r\nshall submit an annual interim report. The report, whether interim or final, shall be laid for discussion \r\nbefore both Houses and each Provincial Assembly within six months of its receipt, and 1[Majlis-e-\r\nShoora (Parliament)] and the Assembly, after considering the report, shall enact laws in respect thereof \r\nwithin a period of two years of the final report 2[:] \r\n2[Provided that the final report in any case shall be considered within twelve months after it \r\nhas been laid.] \r\n231. Rules of procedure. The proceedings of the Islamic Council shall be regulated by rules \r\nof procedure3 to be made by the Council with the approval of the President. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch.  \r\n2Subs. and added by the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 24. \r\n3For the Council of Islamic Ideology (Procedure Rules), 1974, see Gaz. of Pak., 1974. Ext., Pt. II, pp. 771- 773. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 117 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nPART X \r\nEMERGENCY PROVISIONS \r\n232. Proclamation of emergency on account of war, internal disturbance, etc. __ (1) If the \r\nPresident is satisfied that a grave emerge ncy exists in which the security of Pakistan, or any part \r\nthereof, is threatened by war or external aggression, or by internal disturbance beyond the power of a \r\nProvincial Government to control, he may issue a Proclamation of Emergency 1[:] \r\n1[Provided that for imposition of emergency due to internal disturbances beyond the powers of \r\na Provincial Government to control, a resolution from the Provincial Assembly of that Province shall \r\nbe required: \r\nProvided further that if the President acts on his own, the Proclamation of Emergency shall be \r\nplaced before both Houses of Majlis - e-Shoora (Parliament) for approval by each House within ten \r\ndays.] \r\n(2) Notwithstanding anything in the Constitution, while a Proclamation of Emergency is in \r\nforce__ \r\n2[(a)  Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) shall have power to make laws for a Province, or \r\nany part thereof, with respect to any  matter not enumerated in the Federal \r\nLegislative List 3[* * *]] \r\n(b) the executive authority of the Federation shall extend to the giving of directions \r\nto a Province as to the manner in which the executive authority of the Province \r\nis to be exercised; and \r\n(c) the Federal Government may by Order4 assume to itself, or direct the Governor \r\nof a Province to assume on behalf of the Federal Government, all or any of  the \r\nfunctions of the Government of the Province, and all or any of the powers vested \r\nin, or exercisable by, any  body or authority in the Province other than the \r\nProvincial Assembly, and make such incidental and consequential provisions as \r\nappear to the Federal Government to be necessary or desirable for giving effect \r\nto the objects of the Proclamation, including provisi ons for suspending, in \r\nwhole or in part, the operation of any provisions of the Constitution relating to \r\nany body or authority in the Province : \r\nProvided that nothing in paragraph (c) shall authorise the Federal Government to assume to \r\nitself, or direct th e Governor of the Province to assume on its behalf, any of the powers vested in or \r\nexercisable by a High Court, or to suspend either in whole or in part the operation of any provisions \r\nof the Constitution relating to High Courts. \r\n \r\n1Subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 86. \r\n2Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. \r\n3The words “or the Concurrent Legislative List” stand omitted as a consequence of the (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 ( Act No. X of 2010), see \r\nsection 2. \r\n4For such Order, in respect of N.W.F.P., see S.R.O. No. 202(I)/75, dated the 16th February, 1975, see Gaz. of Pak 1975, Ext.. Pt. II, p. 329. since \r\nrescinded by S R.O. No. 522(I)/75, dated the 3rd May, 1975, see Gaz. of Pak., 1975, Ext., Pt. II. p. 727; and \r\nFor such Order, in respect of the Province of Baluchistan, see S.R.O. No. 641(I)/76, dated the 30th June, 1976, see Gaz. of Pak., 1976, Ext., Pt. II. p. \r\n1207 since rescinded by S. R. O. No. 1161 (I)/76, dated the 6th December, 1976, see Gaz. of Pak., 1976, Ext., Pt. II, p. 2279. \r\nFor such proclamation issued on 28-5-1998, see Gaz. of Pak. 1998, Ext., Pt. I, p. 32. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 118 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(3) The power of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] to make laws for a Province with respect to \r\nany matter shall include power to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorizing \r\nthe conferring of powers and the imposition of duties  upon the Federation, or officers and authorities \r\nof the Federation, as respects that matter. \r\n(4) Nothing in this Article shall restrict the power of a Provincial Assembly to make any law \r\nwhich under the Constitution it has power to make, but if any provision of a Provincial law is repugnant \r\nto any provision of an Act of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] which 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] \r\nhas under this Article power to make, the Act of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)], whether passed \r\nbefore or after the Provincial law, shall prevail and the Provincial law shall, to the extent of the \r\nrepugnancy, but so long only as the Act of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] continues to have effect, \r\nbe void. \r\n(5) A law made by 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] , which 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] \r\nwould not but for the issue of a Proclamation of Emergency have been compete nt to make, shall, to \r\nthe extent of the incompetency, cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of six months after \r\nthe Proclamation of Emergency has ceased to be in force, except as respects things done or omitted to \r\nbe done before the expiration of the said period. \r\n(6) While a Proclamation of emergency is in force, 1[Majlis-e- Shoora (Parliament)] may by \r\nlaw extend the term of the National Assembly for a period not exceeding one year and not extending \r\nin any case beyond a period of six months after the Proclamation has ceased to be in force. \r\n(7) A Proclamation of Emergency shall be laid before a joint sitting which shall be summoned \r\nby the President to meet within thirty days of the Proclamation being issued and__ \r\n(a)    shall cease to be in force  at the expiration of two months unless before the \r\nexpiration of that period it has been approved by a resolution2 of the joint sitting; \r\nand \r\n3[(b)   shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph (a), cease to be in force upon a \r\nresolution disapproving the proclamation being passed by the votes of the \r\nmajority of the total membership of the two Houses in joint sitting.] \r\n (8) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (7), if the National Assembly stands \r\ndissolved at the time when a Proclamation of Emergency is issued, the Proclamation shall continue in \r\nforce for a period of four months but, if a general election to the Assembly is not held befor e the \r\nexpiration of that period, it shall cease to be in force at the expiration of that period unless it has earlier \r\nbeen approved by a resolution of the Senate. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O.No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n2The joint sitting passed the following resolution on the 5th September, 1973 :__ \r\n“That the joint sitting approves under clause (7) of Art. 232 of the Constitution read with Art. 280 thereof, the Proclamation of Emergency issued on the \r\n23rd day of November, 1971, and the continuance in force of the said Proclamation for the period of six months followi ng the expiration of the period \r\nmentioned in paragraph (a) of the said clause (7).” \r\nThe joint sitting passed the following resolution on 10-6-1998. \r\n“That the joint sitting approve under clause (7) of Article 232 of the Constitution the Proclamation of Emer gency issued by the President on the 28th \r\nMay, 1998, under clause (1) of Article 232 of the Constitution.” see Gaz. of Pak. 1998. Ext., Pt. III, p. 647. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1975, (Act No. XXII of 1975), s. 3, (w. e. f. the 13th February, 1975). \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 119 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n233. Power to suspend Fundamental Rights, etc., during emergency period.__ (1) Nothing \r\ncontained in Articles 15, 16, 17, 18, 19  and 24 shall, while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force, \r\nrestrict the power of the State as defined in Article 7 to make any law or to take any executive action \r\nwhich it would, but for the provisions in the said Articles, be competent to make or to ta ke, but any \r\nlaw so made shall, to the extent of the incompetency, cease to have effect, and shall be deemed to have \r\nbeen repealed, at the time when the Proclamation is revoked or has ceased to be in force. \r\n(2) While a Proclamation of Emergency is in force, the President may, by Order,1 declare that \r\nthe right to move any court for the enforcement of such of the Fundamental Rights conferred by \r\nChapter 1 of Part II as may be specified in the Order, and any proceeding in any court which is for the \r\nenforcement, or involves the determination of any question as to the infringement, of any of the Rights \r\nso specified, shall remain suspended for the period during which the Proclamation is in force, and any \r\nsuch Order may be made in respect of the whole or any part of Pakistan. \r\n(3) Every Order made under this Article shall, as soon as may be, be laid before 2[both houses \r\nof Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) separately] for approval3 and the provisions of clauses (7) and (8) of \r\nArticle 232 shall apply to such an Order as they apply to a Proclamation of Emergency. \r\n234. Power to issue Proclamation in case of failure of Constitutional machinery in a \r\nProvince.__ (1) If the President, on receipt of a report from the Governor of a Province 2[* *] is satisfied \r\nthat a situation has arisen in which the Government of the Province cannot be carried on in accordance \r\nwith the provisions of the Constitution, the President may, or if a resolution in this behalf is passed \r\n2[by each House separately] shall, by Proclamation,__ \r\n(a) assume to himself, or direct the Governor of the Province to assume on behalf \r\nof the President, all or any of the functions of the Government of the Province, \r\nand all or any of the powers vested in, or exercisable by, anybody or auth ority \r\nin the Province, other than the Provincial Assembly; \r\n(b) declare that the powers of the Provincial Assembly shall be exercisable by, or \r\nunder the authority of, 4[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)]; and \r\n(c) make such incidental and consequential provisions as appear to the President to \r\nbe necessary or desirable for giving effect to the objects of the Proclamation, \r\nincluding provisions for suspending in whole or in part the operation of any \r\nprovisions of the Constitution relating to any body or authority in the Province: \r\n \r\n1The Order suspending the right to move any court for the enforcement of certain Fundamental Rights issued vide see Gaz. of Pak., 1973, Ext., Pt. I. p. \r\n602, has been rescinded by S.R.O. 1093(I)/74, dated the 14th August. 1974., see Gaz. of Pak. 1974, Ext. Pt. II, p. 1548. \r\n2Subs. and omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), ss. 87-88. \r\n3For the Order issued on 28-5-1998 suspending of Fundamental Rights, (See Notifications No. 7-3/98-Min. I, dated 28-5-1998. Gaz. of Pak., 1998, Part \r\nI, Page 31). \r\nThe joint sitting passed the following resolution on the 6th September, 1973:__ \r\n“That the joint sitting approves under clause (7) of Article 232 of the Constitution, read with clause (3) of Article 233 thereof, the President's Order of \r\nthe 14th August, 1973, made under clause (2) of the said Art. 233 and the continuance in force of the said Order for the period of six months following \r\nthe expiration of the period mentioned in paragraph (a) of the said clause (7) of Art. 232.” \r\nFor resolution approving the continuance in force of the President's Order of the 14th August, 1973, for a further period of six months, see Gaz. of Pak., \r\n1974. Ext., Pt. III, p. 343. \r\nThe joint sitting passed the following resolution on 10-6-1998. \r\n“That the joint sitting approves the Order made by the President on the 28th May, 1998, under clause (2) of Article 233 of the Constitution.” see Gaz. of \r\nPak. 1998. Part Ill, p. 647. \r\n4Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O.No.14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 120 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nProvided that nothing in this Article shall authorise the President to assume to himself, or direct \r\nthe Governor of the Province to assume on his behalf, any of the powers vested in, or exercisable by, \r\na High Court, or to suspend either in whole or in part the operation of any provisions of the Constitution \r\nrelating to High Courts. \r\n(2) The provisions of Article 105 shall not apply to the dis -charge by the Governor of his \r\nfunctions under clause (1). \r\n(3) A Proclamation issued under this Article shall be laid before a joint sitting and shall cease \r\nto be in force at the expiration of two months, unless before the expiration of that period it has been \r\napproved by resolution of the joint sitting and may by like resolution be extended for a further period \r\nnot exceeding two months at a time; but no such Proclamation s hall in any case remain in force for \r\nmore than six months. \r\n(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (3), if the National Assembly stands \r\ndissolved at the time when a Proclamation is issued under this Article, the Proclamation shall continue \r\nin force for a period of three months but, if a general election to the Assembly is not held before the \r\nexpiration of that period, it shall cease to be in force at the expiration of that period unless it has earlier \r\nbeen approved by a resolution of the Senate. \r\n(5) Where by a Proclamation issued under this Article it has been declared that the powers of \r\nthe Provincial Assembly shall be exercisable by or under the authority of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament)], it shall be competent__ \r\n(a) to 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] in joint sitting to confer on the President the \r\npower to make laws with respect to any matter within the legislative competence \r\nof the Provincial Assembly; \r\n(b) to 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] in joint sitting, or the President, when he is \r\nempowered under paragraph (a), to make laws conferring powers and imposing \r\nduties, or authorising the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties, \r\nupon the Federation, or officers and authorities thereof; \r\n(c) to the President, when 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] is not in session, to \r\nauthorise expenditure from the Provincial Consolidated Fund, whether the \r\nexpenditure is charged by the Constitution upon that F und or not, pending the \r\nsanction of such expenditure by 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] in joint sitting \r\n; and \r\n(d) to 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] in joint sitting by resolution to sanction \r\nexpenditure authorised by the President under paragraph (c) \r\n(6) Any law made by 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] or the President which 1[Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament)] or the President would not, but for the issue of a Proclamation under this Article, have \r\nbeen competent to make, shall, to the extent of the incompetency, cease to have effect on the expiration \r\nof a period of six months after the Proclamation under this Article has ceased to be in force, except as \r\nto things, done or omitted to be done before the expiration of the said period. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 121 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n235. Proclamation in case of financial emergency .__ (1) If the President is satisfied that a \r\nsituation has arisen whereby the economic life, financial stability or credit of Pakistan, or any part \r\nthereof, is threatened, he may, after consultation with the Governors of the Provinces or, as the case \r\nmay be, the Governor of the Province concerned, by Proclamation make a declaration to that effect, \r\nand, while such a Proclamation is in force, the executive authority of the Federation shall extend to the \r\ngiving of directions to any Province to observe such principles of financial propriety as may be \r\nspecified in the directions, and to the giving of such other directions as the President may deem \r\nnecessary in the interest of the economic life, financial stability or credit of Pakistan or any part thereof. \r\n(2) Notwithstanding anything in the Constitution, any such directions may include a provision \r\nrequiring a reduction of the salary and allowances of all or any class of persons serving in connection \r\nwith the affairs of a Province. \r\n(3) While a Proclamation issued under this Article is in force, the President may issue directions \r\nfor the reduction of the salaries and allowances of all or any class of persons serving in connection \r\nwith the affairs of the Federation. \r\n(4) The provisions of clauses (3) and (4) of Article 234 shall apply to a Proclama tion issued \r\nunder this Article as they apply to a Proclamation issued under that Article. \r\n236. Revocation of Proclamation, etc.__ (1) A Proclamation issued under this Part may be \r\nvaried or revoked by a subsequent Proclamation. \r\n(2) The validity of any Procl amation issued or Order made under this  Part shall not be called \r\nin question in any court. \r\n237. 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] may make laws of indemnity, etc.  Nothing in the \r\nConstitution shall prevent 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] from making any law indemnifying any \r\nperson in the service of the Federal Government or a Provincial Government, or any other person, in \r\nrespect of any act done in connection with the maintenance or restoration of order in any area in \r\nPakistan. \r\nPART XI \r\nAMENDMENT OF CONSTITUTION  \r\n238. Amendment of Constitution. Subject to this Part, the Constitution may be amended by \r\nAct of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)]. \r\n2[239. Constitution amendment Bill.__ (1)    A Bill to amend the Constitution may originate \r\nin either House and, when the Bill has been passed by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total \r\nmembership of the House, it shall be transmitted to the other House. \r\n(2) If the Bill is passed without amendment by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total \r\nmembership of the House to which it is transmitted under clause (1), it shall, subject to the provisions \r\nof clause (4), be presented to the President for assent. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1985 (P. O. No. 20 of 1985), Art. 3. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 122 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(3) If the Bill is passed with amendment by the votes of not less than two -thirds of the total \r\nmembership of the House to which it  is transmitted under clause (1), it shall be reconsidered by the \r\nHouse in which it had originated, and if the Bill as amended by the former House is passed by the \r\nlatter by the votes of not less than two-thirds of its total membership it shall, subject to the provisions \r\nof clause (4), be presented to the President for assent. \r\n(4) A Bill to amend the Constitution which would have the effect of altering the limits of a \r\nProvince shall not be presented to the President for assent unless it has been passed by t he Provincial \r\nAssembly of that Province by the votes of not less than two-thirds of its total membership. \r\n1[(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution and any judgment of any court, \r\nno court shall have jurisdiction to call in question any amendment to the Constitution on any ground \r\nwhatsoever.] \r\n(6) For the removal of doubt, it is hereby declared that there is no limitation whatever on the \r\npower of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) to amend any of the provisions of the Constitution.] \r\nPART XII \r\nMISCELLANEOUS \r\nCHAPTER 1.__ SERVICES \r\n240. Appointments to service of Pakistan and conditions of service.  Subject to the \r\nConstitution, the appointments to and the conditions of service of persons in the service of Pakistan \r\nshall be determined__ \r\n(a) in the case of the services of the Federation, posts in connection with the affairs \r\nof the Federation and All -Pakistan Services, by or under Act of 2[Majlis-e-\r\nShoora (Parliament)]; and \r\n(b) in the case of the services of a Province and posts in connection with the affairs \r\nof a Province, by or under Act of the Provincial Assembly. \r\nExplanation.__ In this Article, “All-Pakistan Service ” means a service common to the \r\nFederation and the Provinces, which was in existence immediately before the commencing day or \r\nwhich may be created by Act of 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)]. \r\n241. Existing rules, etc., to continue . Until the appropriate Legislature makes a law under \r\nArticle 240, all rules and orders in force  immediately before the commencing day shall, so far as \r\nconsistent with the provisions of the Constitution, continue in force and may be amended from time to \r\ntime by the Federal Government or, as the case may be, the Provincial Government. \r\n242. Public Service Commission. __ (1) 2[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] in relation t o the \r\naffairs of the Federation, and the Provincial Assembly of a Province in relation to the affairs of the \r\nProvince, may, by law, provide for the establishment and constitution of a Public Service Commission. \r\n2[(1A) The Chairman of the Public Service Commission constituted in relation to the affairs of \r\nthe Federation shall be appointed by the President 3[on the advice of the Prime Minister.]] \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 50. \r\n2Subs.and ins. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 89. \r\n \r\n Page 123 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[(1B) The Chairman of the Public Service Commission constituted in relation to affairs of a \r\nProvince shall be appointed by the Governor on advice of the Chief Minister.] \r\n(2) A Public Service Commission shall perform such functions as may be prescribed by law. \r\nCHAPTER 2.__ ARMED FORCES \r\n1[243. Command of Armed Forces. __ (1) The Federal Government shall have control and \r\ncommand of the Armed Forces. \r\n(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, the Supreme Command of \r\nthe Armed Forces shall vest in the President. \r\n(3) The President shall subject to law, have power__ \r\n(a) to raise and maintain the Military, Naval and Air Forces of Pakistan; and the \r\nReserves of such Forces; and \r\n(b) to grant Commissions in such Forces. \r\n2[(4) The President shall, on advice of the Prime Minister, appoint__ \r\n(a)  the Chief of the Army Staff concurrently the Chief of the Defense Forces;  \r\n(b)  the Chief of the Naval Staff; and  \r\n(c)  the Chief of the Air Staff;  \r\nand shall also determine their salaries and allowances.] \r\n2[(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (4), the office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs \r\nof Staff Committee shall stand abolished with effect from the twenty -seventh day of November two \r\nthousand and twenty-five. \r\n(6) The Prime Minister shall, on the recommendation of the Chief of  the Army Staff \r\nconcurrently the Chief of the Defense Forces, appoint the Commander of the National Strategic \r\nCommand from the members of Pakistan Army and shall also determine his salary and allowances. \r\n(7) Where the Federal Government promotes a member o f the Armed Forces to the rank of \r\nField Marshal, Marshal of the Air Force or Admiral of the Fleet, such officer shall retain the rank, \r\nprivileges and remain in uniform for life.  \r\n(8) Field Marshal, Marshal of the Air Force and Admiral of the Fleet, being n ational heroes, \r\nshall not be removed from office except on the ground or charges and in the manner provided under \r\nArticle 47.  \r\n(9) The provisions of Article 248, as applicable to the President, shall mutatis mutandis apply \r\nto Field Marshal, Marshal of the Air Force and Admiral of the Fleet. \r\n \r\n \r\n1Ins. and subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), ss. 89-90. \r\n2Subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 51. \r\n \r\n Page 124 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(10) Upon completion of the term of his command, under the law, the Federal Government \r\nshall determine the responsibilities and duties of Field Marshal, Marshal of the Air Force or Admiral \r\nof the Fleet in the interest of State. \r\n(11) The President shall, on advice of the Prime Minister, determine the salary, allowances and \r\nprivileges of Field Marshal, Marshal of the Air Force and Admiral of the Fleet.]] \r\n244. Oath of Armed Forces. Every member of the Armed Forces shall make oath in the form \r\nset out in the Third Schedule. \r\n245. Functions of Armed Forces.__1[(1)] The Armed Forces shall, under the directions of the \r\nFederal Government, defend Pakistan against external aggression or threat of war, and, subject to law, \r\nact in aid of civil power when called upon to do so. \r\n1[(2) The validity of any direction issued by the Federal Government under clause (1) shall \r\nnot be called in question in any court. \r\n(3) A High Court shall not exercise any jurisdiction under Article 199 in relation to any area in \r\nwhich the Armed Forces of Pakistan are, for the time being, acting in aid of civil power in pursuance \r\nof Article 245: \r\nProvided that this clause shall not be deemed to affect the jurisdiction of the High Court in \r\nrespect of any proceeding pending immediately before the day on which the Armed Forces start acting \r\nin aid of civil power. \r\n(4) Any proceeding in relation to an area referred to in clause (3) instituted on or after the day \r\nthe Armed Forces start acting in aid of civil power and pending in any High Court shall remain \r\nsuspended for the period during which the Armed Forces are so acting.] \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Re-numbered and added by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1977 (Act No. XXIII of 1977), s. 4, (w. e. f. the 21st April, 1977). \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 125 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nCHAPTER 3. – TRIBAL AREAS \r\n246. Tribal Areas. In the Constitution,__ \r\n(a) “Tribal Areas ” means the areas in Pakistan which, immediately before the \r\ncommencing day, were Tribal Areas, and includes__ \r\n(i) the Tribal Areas of 1[Balochistan] and the 1[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa] \r\nProvince; 1[*] \r\n(ii) the former States of Amb, Chitral, Dir and Swat; \r\n(iii) 2[* * * * * * *] \r\n(iv) 2[* * * * * * *] \r\n(b) “Provincially Administered Tribal Areas” means__ \r\n(i) the districts of Chitral, Dir and Swat (which includes Kalam) 3[the Tribal \r\nArea in Kohistan district,] Malakand Protected Area, the Tribal Area \r\nadjoining 3[Mansehra] district and the former State of Amb; and \r\n(ii) Zhob district, Loralai district (excluding Duki Tehsil), Dalbandin Tehsil \r\nof Chagai district and Marri and Bugti t ribal territories of Sibi  district; \r\n4[*] \r\n (c)  “Federally Administered Tribal Areas” includes__ \r\n(i) Tribal Areas adjoining Peshawar district; \r\n(ii) Tribal Areas adjoining Kohat district; \r\n(iii) Tribal Areas adjoining Bannu district; \r\n2[(iiia) Tribal Areas adjoining Lakki Marwat district;] \r\n(iv) Tribal Areas adjoining Dera Ismail Khan district; \r\n2[(iva) Tribal Areas adjoining Tank District;] \r\n5[(v) Bajaur Agency; \r\n \r\n1Subs. and omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 91. \r\n2Omitted and ins. by the Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 2011 (Act No. I of 2011), s.7. \r\n3Ins., subs. and shall be deemed to have been so inserted and substituted by the Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Act No. LXXXIV of 1976), \r\ns. 4, (w. e. f. the 1st October, 1976). \r\n4Omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2018 (Act No. XXXVII of 2018) s. 8. (w. e. f. 31-05-2018.) \r\n5Subs. and shall be deemed to have been so subs. by the Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Act No. LXXXIV of 1976), s. 4, (w. e. f. the 1st \r\nDecember, 1973). \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 126 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(va) Orakzai Agency;] \r\n(vi) Mohmand Agency; \r\n(vii) Khyber Agency; \r\n(viii) Kurram Agency; \r\n(ix) North Waziristan Agency; and \r\n(x) South Waziristan Agency 1[; and] \r\n1[(d) On the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, \r\n2018, the areas mentioned in— \r\n(i) paragraph (b),__ \r\n(a) in sub -paragraph (i), shall stand merged in the Province of Khyber \r\nPakhtunkhwa; and \r\n(b) in sub-paragraph (ii), shall stand merged in the Province of Balochistan; \r\nand \r\n(ii) paragraph (c), shall stand merged in the Province of Khyber \r\nPakhtunkhwa.] \r\n247.     1[*       * * * *          * *] \r\nCHAPTER 4.__ GENERAL \r\n248. Protection to President, Governor, Minister, etc. __ (1) 2[Notwithstanding any \r\njudgement of any court, the] President, a Governor, the Prime Minister, a Federal Minister, a Minister \r\nof State, the Chief Minister and a Provincial Minister shall not be answerable to any court for the \r\nexercise of powers and performance of functions of their respective offices or for  any act done or \r\npurported to be done in the exercise of those powers and performance of those functions: \r\nProvided that nothing in this clause shall be construed as restricting the right of any person to \r\nbring appropriate proceedings against the Federation or a Province. \r\n2[(2) No criminal proceedings whatsoever shall be initiated or continued against the President \r\nfor his life and for a Governor during his term of office in any court.]  \r\n2[(3) No process for arrest or imprisonment of the President for his life and for a Governor \r\nduring his term of office, shall be issued from any court: \r\nProvided that the provisions of clauses (2) and (3) shall not apply during the period the \r\nPresident holds a public office after he ceases to be the President.] \r\n(4) No civil proceedings in which relief is claimed against the President or a Governor shall be \r\ninstituted during his term of office in respect of anything done or not done by him in his personal \r\ncapacity whether before or after he enters upon his office unless, at le ast sixty days before the \r\nproceedings are instituted, notice in writing has been delivered to him, or sent to him in the manner  \r\n \r\n1Subs., added and omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2018 (Act No. XXXVII of 2018), ss. 8-9, (w. e. f. 31-05-2018). \r\n2Ins. and subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 52. \r\n \r\n Page 127 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nprescribed by law, stating the nature of the proceedings, the cause of action, the name, description and \r\nplace of residence of the party by whom the proceedings are to be instituted and the relief which the \r\nparty claims. \r\n249. Legal proceedings. __ (1) Any legal proceedings which, but for the Constitution, could \r\nhave been brought by or against the Federation in respect of a matter which, immediately before the \r\ncommencing day, was the responsibility of the Federation and has, under the Constitution, become the \r\nresponsibility of a Province, shall be brought by or against the Province concerned; and if any such \r\nlegal proceedings were pending in any court immediately before the commencing day then, in those \r\nproceedings, for the Federation the Province concerned shall, as from that day, be deemed to have been \r\nsubstituted. \r\n(2) Any legal proceedings which, but for the Constitution, could have been  brought by or \r\nagainst a Province in respect of a matter which, immediately before the commencing day, was the \r\nresponsibility of the Province and has under the Constitution become the responsibility of the \r\nFederation, shall be brought by or against the Fed eration; and if any such legal proceedings were \r\npending in any court immediately before the commencing day then, in those proceedings, for the \r\nProvince the Federation shall, as from that day, be deemed to have been substituted. \r\n250. Salaries, allowances, e tc., of the President, etc. __ (1) Within two years from the \r\ncommencing day, provision shall be made by law for determining the salaries, allowances and \r\nprivileges of the President, the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and a member of the National Assembly \r\nor a Provincial Assembly, the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and a member of the Senate, the Prime \r\nMinister, a Federal Minister, a Minister of State, 1[* *] a Chief Minister, a Provincial Minister and the \r\nChief Election Commissioner. \r\n(2) Until other provision is made by law,__ \r\n(a) the salaries, allowances and privileges of the President, the Speaker or Deputy \r\nSpeaker or a member of the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly, a \r\nFederal Minister, a Minister of State, 1[* * ] a Chief Minister, a Provincial \r\nMinister and the Chief Election Commissioner shall be same as the salaries, \r\nallowances and privileges to which the President, the Speaker or Deputy \r\nSpeaker or member of the National Assembly of Pakistan or a Provincial \r\nAssembly, a Federal Minister, a Minister of State, 1[* *] a Chief Minister,  a \r\nProvincial Minister or, as the case may be, the Chief Election Commissioner \r\nwas entitled immediately before the commencing day; and \r\n(b) the salaries, allowances and privileges of the Chairman, the Deputy Chairman, \r\nthe Prime Minister and a member of the Senate shall be such as the President \r\nmay by Order determine. \r\n(3) The salary, allowances and privileges of a person holding office as__ \r\n(a) the President; \r\n(b) the Chairman or Deputy Chairman; \r\n(c) the Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly or a Provincial \r\nAssembly; \r\n \r\n1Omitted by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s. 13, (w. e. f. the 4th May, 1974). \r\n \r\n Page 128 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(d) a Governor; \r\n(e) the Chief Election Commissioner; or \r\n(f) the Auditor-General; \r\nshall not be varied to his disadvantage during his term of office. \r\n(4) At any time when the Chairman or Speaker is acting as President, he shall be entitled to the \r\nsame salary, allowances and privileges as a President but shall not exercise any of the functions of the \r\noffice of Chairman or Speaker or a member of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] or be entitled to salary, \r\nallowances or privileges as Chairman, Speaker or such a member. \r\n251. National language. __ (1) The National language of Pakistan is Urdu, and arrangements \r\nshall be made for its being used for official and other purposes within fifteen years from the \r\ncommencing day. \r\n(2) Subject to clause (1), the English language may be used for official purposes until \r\narrangements are made for its replacement by Urdu. \r\n(3) Without prejudice to the status of the National language, a Provincial Assembly may by \r\nlaw prescribe measures for the teaching, promotion and use of a provincial language in addition to the \r\nnational language. \r\n252. Special provisions in relation to major ports and aerodromes. __ (1) Notwithstanding \r\nanything contained in the Constitution or in any law, the President may, by public notification, direct \r\nthat, for a period not exceeding three months from a specified date, a specified law, whether a Federal \r\nlaw or a Provincial law, shall not apply to a specified major port or major aerodrome, or shall apply to \r\na specified major port or major aerodrome subject to specified exceptions or modifications. \r\n(2) The giv ing of a direction under this Article in relation to any law shall not affect the \r\noperation of the law prior to the date specified in the direction. \r\n253. Maximum limits as to property, etc.__ (1) 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] may by law__ \r\n(a) prescribe the maximum limits as to property or any class thereof which may be \r\nowned, held, possessed or controlled by any person; and \r\n(b) declare that any trade, business, industry or service specified in such law shall \r\nbe carried on or owned, to the exclusion, comp lete or partial, of other persons, \r\nby the Federal Government or a Provincial Government, or by a corporation \r\ncontrolled by any such Government. \r\n(2) Any law which permits a person to own beneficially or possess beneficially an area of land \r\ngreater than that  which, immediately before the commencing day, he could have lawfully owned \r\nbeneficially or possessed beneficially shall be invalid. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch.  \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 129 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n254. Failure to comply with requirement as to time does not render an act invalid. When \r\nany act or thing is required by the Constitution to be done within a particular period and it is not done \r\nwithin that period, the doing of the act or thing shall not be invalid or otherwise ineffective by reason \r\nonly that it was not done within that period. \r\n255. Oath of Office.__ (1) An oath required to be made by a person under the Constitution shall \r\n1[preferably be made in Urdu or] a language that is understood by that person. \r\n(2) Where, under the Constitution, an oath is required to be made before a specified person \r\nand, for any reason, it is impracticable for the oath to be made before that person, it may be made \r\nbefore such other person as may be nominated by 2[the Chief Justice of a High Court, in case of a \r\nProvince and by the Chief Justice of Pakistan, in all other cases]. \r\n(3) Where, under the Constitution, a person is required to make an oath before he enters upon \r\nan office, he shall be deemed to have entered upon the office on the day on which he makes the oath. \r\n256. Private armies forbidden.  No private organisation capable of functioning as a military \r\norganisation shall be formed, and any such organisation shall be illegal. \r\n257. Provision relating to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. When the people of the State \r\nof Jammu and Kashmir decide to accede to Pakistan, the relationship between Pakistan and that State \r\nshall be determined in accordance with the wishes of the people of that State. \r\n258. Government of territories outside Provinces. Subject to the Constitution, until 1[Majlis-\r\ne-Shoora (Parliament)] by law otherwise provides, the President may, by Order, make provision for \r\npeace and good government of any part of Pakistan not forming part of a Province. \r\n259. Awards.__ (1)   No citizen shall accept any title, honour or decoration from any foreign \r\nState except with the approval of the Federal Government. \r\n(2) No title, honour or decoration shall be conferred by the Federal Government or any \r\nProvincial Government on any cit izen, but the President may award decorations in recognition of \r\ngallantry 3[, meritorious service in the Armed Forces] 4[, academic distinction or distinction in the field \r\nof sports 2[, science, technology, medicine, arts or public service]], as provided by Federal law. \r\n(3) All titles, honours and decorations awarded to citizens by any authority in Pakistan before \r\nthe commencing day other wise than in recognition of gallantry 5[, meritorious service in the Armed \r\nForces] or academic distinction shall stand annulled. \r\nCHAPTER 5.__ INTERPRETATION \r\n260. Definitions.__ (1) In the Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following \r\nexpressions have the meaning hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say,— \r\n“Act of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)]” means an Act passed by 1[Majlis-e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament)] or the National Assembly and assented to, or deemed to have been \r\nassented to, by the President; \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n2Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), ss. 25-26. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s. 14, (w. e. f. the 4th May, 1974). \r\n4Subs. by the Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1981 (P.O. No. 12 of 1981), Art. 2. \r\n5Ins. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s.14, and shall be deemed always to have been so inserted. \r\n \r\n Page 130 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n“Act of Provincial Assembly” means an Act passed by the Provincial Assembly of a Province \r\nand assented to, or deemed to have been assented to, by the Governor; \r\n“agricultural income” means agricultural income as defined for the purposes of the law relating \r\nto income-tax; \r\n“Article” means Article of the Constitution; \r\n“borrow” includes the raising of money by the grant of annuities, and “loans” shall be construed \r\naccordingly; \r\n“Chairman” means the Chairman of the Senate and, except in Article 49, includes a person \r\nacting as Chairman of the Senate; \r\n1[“Chief Justice”, in relation to the 2[Federal Constitutional Court or the]  Supreme Court or a \r\nHigh Court, includes the Judge for the time being acting as Chief Justice of the Court;] \r\n2[“Chief Justice of Pakistan” means the senior amongst the Chief Justice of the Federal \r\nConstitutional Court and the Chief Justice of Supreme Court;] \r\n“citizen” means a citizen of Pakistan as defined by law; \r\n“clause” means clause of the Article in which it occurs; \r\n3[* * * * * * *] \r\n \r\n“corporation tax” means any tax o n income that is payable by companies and in respect of \r\nwhich the following conditions apply:__ \r\n \r\n(a) the tax is not chargeable in respect of agricultural income; \r\n \r\n(b) no deduction in respect of the tax paid by companies is, by any law which may \r\napply to the tax, authorised to be made from dividends payable by the \r\ncompanies to individuals; \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n(c) no provision exists for taking the tax so paid into account in computing fo r the \r\npurposes of income-tax the total income of individual receiving such dividends, \r\nor in computing the income-tax payable by, or refundable to, such individuals; \r\n \r\n“debt” includes any liability in respect of any obligation to repay capital sums by way of  \r\nannuities and any liability under any guarantee, and “debt charges” shall be construed \r\naccordingly; \r\n \r\n“estate duty” means a duty assessed on, or by reference to, the value of property passing upon \r\ndeath; \r\n \r\n \r\n“existing law” has the same meaning as in clause (7) of Article 268; \r\n \r\n \r\n“Federal law” means a law made by or under the authority of 4[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)]; \r\n \r\n“financial year” means a year commencing on the first day of July; \r\n \r\n \r\n1Ins. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s. 15, (w.e.f. the 4th May, 1974). \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 53. \r\n3Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 92. \r\n4Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n \r\n Page 131 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n“goods” includes all materials, commodities and articles; \r\n“Governor” means the Governor of a Province and includes any person for the time being \r\nacting as the Governor of a Province; \r\n“guarantee” includes any obligation undertaken before the commencing day to make payments \r\nin the event of the profits of an undertaking falling short of a specified amount; \r\n“House” means the Senate or the National Assembly; \r\n“Joint sitting” means a joint sitting of the two Houses; \r\n“Judge” in relation to the 1[Federal Constitutional Court or the] Supreme Court or a High Court, \r\nincludes the Chief Justice of the Court and also includes__ \r\n1[(a) in relation to the Federal Constitutional Court, a person who is acting as a Judge \r\nof the Court;] \r\n1[(b)] in relation to the Supreme Court, a person who is acting as a Judge of the Court; \r\nand \r\n1[(c)] in relation to the High Court, a person who is an Additional Judge of the Court; \r\n“members of the Armed Forces” does not include persons who are not, for the time being, \r\nsubject to any law relating to the members of the Armed Forces; \r\n“net proceeds” means, in relation to any tax or duty, the proceeds thereof, reduced by the cost \r\nof collection, as ascertained and certified by the Auditor-General; \r\n“oath” includes affirmation; \r\n“Part” means Part of the Constitution; \r\n“pension” means a pension, whether contributory or not, of any kind whatsoever payable to, or \r\nin respect of, any person and includes retired pay so payable, a gratuity so payable, and \r\nany sum or sums so payable by way of the return, with or without interest thereon  or \r\nany addition thereto, of subscriptions to a provident fund; \r\n“person” includes any body politic or corporate; \r\n“President” means the President of Pakistan and includes a person for the time being acting as, \r\nor performing the functions of, the President of Pakistan and, as respects anything \r\nrequired to be done under the Constitution before the commencing day, the President \r\nunder the Interim Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan; \r\n“Property” includes any right, title or interest in property, movable or immovable, and any \r\nmeans and instruments of production; \r\n“Provincial law” means a law made by or under the authority of the Provincial Assembly; \r\n“remuneration” includes salary and pension;  \r\n \r\n1Ins. and re-numbered by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 53. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 132 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n“Schedule” means Schedule to the Constitution; \r\n \r\n“security of Pakistan ” includes the safety, welfare, stability and integrity of Pakistan and of \r\neach part of Pakistan, but shall not include public safety as such; \r\n \r\n“service of Pakistan ” means any service, post or office in connection with the affairs of the \r\nFederation or of a Province, and includes an All-Pakistan Service, service in the Armed \r\nForces and any other service declared to be a service of Pakistan by or under Act of \r\n1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] or of a Provincial Assembly, but does not include \r\nservice as 2[President,] Speaker, Deputy Speaker, Chairman, Deputy Chairman, Prime \r\nMinister, Federal Minister, Minister of State, Chief Minister, Provincial Minister, 3[, \r\nAttorney-General, 4[Advocate-General,] Parliamentary Secretary] or 5[, Chairman or \r\nmember of a La w Commission, Chairman or member of the Council of Islamic \r\nIdeology, Special Assistant to the Prime Minister, Adviser to the Prime Minister, \r\nSpecial Assistant to a Chief Minister, Adviser to a Chief Minister] or member of a \r\nHouse or a Provincial Assembly; \r\n \r\n“Speaker” means the Speaker of the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly, and includes \r\nany person acting as the Speaker of the Assembly; \r\n \r\n“taxation” includes the imposition of any tax or duty, whether general, local or special, and \r\n“tax” shall be construed accordingly; \r\n \r\n“tax on income” includes a tax in the nature of an excess profits tax or a business profits tax. \r\n2[“technocract” means a person who has sixteen years of education and fifteen years of \r\nexperience in his field.] \r\n \r\n \r\n(2) In the Constitution “Act of   1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)]” or “Federal law” or “Act of \r\nProvincial Assembly” or “Provincial law” shall include an Ordinance promulgated by the President \r\nor, as the case may be, a Governor. \r\n \r\n6[(3) In the Constitution and all enactments and other legal instruments, unless there is anything \r\nrepugnant in the subject or context,__ \r\n \r\n(a) “Muslim” means a person who believes in the unity and oneness of Almighty \r\nAllah, in the absolute and unqualified finality of the Prophethood of Muhammad \r\n(peace be upon him), the last of the prophets, and does not believe in, or \r\nrecognize as a prophet or religious reformer, any person who claimed or claims \r\nto be a prophet, in any sense of the word or of any description whatsoever, after \r\nMuhammad (peace be upon him); and \r\n \r\n(b) “non-Muslim” means a person who is not a Muslim and includes a person \r\nbelonging to the Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Budhist or Parsi community, a person \r\nof the Quadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves ‘Ahmadis’ or \r\nby any other name), or a Bahai, and a person belonging to any of the scheduled \r\ncastes.] \r\n261. Person acting in office not to be regarded as successor to previous occupant of office, \r\netc. For the purposes of the Constitution, a person who acts in an office s hall not be regarded as the \r\nsuccessor to the person who held that office before him or as the predecessor to the person who holds \r\nthat office after him. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (ACT No. XXXII of 2025), s. 53. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s. 15, (w. e. f. the 4th May, 1974). \r\n4Ins. by the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Act No. LXII of 1976), s. 16, (w. e. f. the 13th September, 1976). \r\n5Ins. by the Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Act No. LXXXIV of 1976), s. 5, (w. e. f. the 31st December, 1976). \r\n6Subs. by the Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 24 of 1985), Art. 6. \r\n \r\n Page 133 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n262. Gregorian calendar to be used.  For the purposes of the Constitution, periods of time \r\nshall be reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. \r\n263. Gender and number. In the Constitution,__ \r\n(a) words importing the masculine gender shall be taken to include females; and \r\n(b) words in the singular shall include the plural, and words in the plural shall \r\ninclude the singular. \r\n264. Effect of repeal of laws.  Where a law is repealed, or is deemed to have been repealed, \r\nby, under, or by virtue of the Constitution, the repeal shall not, except as otherwise provided in the \r\nConstitution,__ \r\n(a) revive anything not in force or existing at the time at which the repeal takes \r\neffect; \r\n(b) affect the previous operation of the law or anything duly done or suffered under \r\nthe law; \r\n(c) affect any right, privilege, obligation or liability acquired, accrued or incurred \r\nunder the law; \r\n(d) affect any penalty, forfeiture or punishment incurred in respect of any offence \r\ncommitted against the law; or \r\n(e) affect any investigation, legal proceeding or remedy in respect of any such right, \r\nprivilege, obligation, liability, penalty, forfeiture or punishment; \r\nand any such investigation, legal proceeding or remedy may be instituted, continued or enforce d, and \r\nany such penalty, forfeiture or punishment may be imposed, as if the law had not been repealed. \r\nCHAPTER 6.__ TITLE, COMMENCEMENT AND REPEAL \r\n265. Title of Constitution and commencement.__ (1) This Constitution shall be known as the \r\nConstitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. \r\n(2) Subject to clauses (3) and (4), the Constitution shall come into force on the fourteenth day \r\nof August, one thousand nine hundred and seventy -three or on such earlier day as the President may, \r\nby notification in the of ficial Gazette, appoint, in the Constitution referred to as the “commencing \r\nday”. \r\n(3) The Constitution shall, to the extent necessary__ \r\n(a) for the constitution of the first Senate; \r\n(b) for the first meeting of a House or a joint sitting to be held; \r\n(c) for the election of the President and the Prime Minister to be held; and \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 134 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(d) to enable any other thing to be done which, for the purposes of the Constitution, \r\nit is necessary to do before the commencing day, \r\ncome into force upon the enactment of the Constitution, but the person elected as President or Prime \r\nMinister shall not enter upon his office before the commencing day. \r\n(4) Where by the Constitution a power is conferred to make rules or to issue orders with respect \r\nto the enforcement of any provision thereof, or with respect to the establishment of any court or office, \r\nor the appointment of any Judge or officer there-under, or with respect to the person by whom, or the \r\ntime when, or the place where, or the manner in which, anything is to be done under any such provision, \r\nthen that power may be exercised at any time between the enactment of the Constitution and its \r\ncommencement. \r\n266. Repeal. The Interim Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, together with the \r\nActs and President's Orders making omissions from, additions to, modifications of, or amendments in, \r\nthat Constitution is hereby repealed. \r\nCHAPTER 7.__ TRANSITIONAL \r\n267. Power of President to remove difficulties.__ (1) At any time before the commencing day \r\nor before the expiration of three months from the commencing day, the President may, for the purpose \r\nof removing any difficulties, or for bringing the provisions of the Constitution into effective operation, \r\nby Order, direct that the provisions of the Constitution shall, during such period as may be specified \r\nin the Order, have effect, subject to such adaptations, whether by way of modification, addition or \r\nomission, as he may deem to be necessary or expedient. \r\n(2) An Order made under clause (1) shall be laid before both Houses without undue delay, and \r\nshall remain in force until a resolution disapproving it is passed by each House or, in case of \r\ndisagreement between the two Houses, until such resolution is passed at a joint sitting. \r\n1[267A. Power to remove difficulties. __ (1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the \r\nprovisions of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, hereinafter in this Article referred \r\nto as the Act, or for bringing the provisions of the Act into effective operation, the matter shall be laid \r\nbefore both Houses in a joint sitting which may by a resolution direct that the provisions of the Act \r\nshall, during such period as may be specified in the resolution, have effect, subject to such adaptations, \r\nwhether by way of modification, addition or omission, as may be deemed necessary or expedient: \r\nProvided that this power shall be available for a period of one year  from the commencement \r\nof the Act. \r\n267B. Removal of doubt. __ For removal of doubt it is hereby declared that Article 152A \r\nomitted and Articles 179 and 195 substituted by the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 \r\n(Act No. III of 2003), notwithstanding its repeal, shall be deemed always to have been so omitted and \r\nsubstituted.] \r\n268. Continuance in force, and adaptation of certain laws.__ (1) Except as provided by this \r\nArticle, all existing laws shall, subject to the Constitution, continue in force, so far as applicable and \r\nwith the necessary adaptations, until altered, repealed or amended by the appropriate Legislature. \r\n \r\n1Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 93. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 135 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[* * * * * * *] \r\n(3) For the purpose of bringing the provisions of any existing law into accord with the \r\nprovisions of the Constitution (other than Part II of the Consti tution), the President may by Order, \r\nwithin a period of two years from the commencing day, make such adaptations, whether by way of \r\nmodification, addition or omission, as he may deem to be necessary or expedient, and any such Order \r\nmay be made so as to have effect from such day, not being a day earlier than the commencing day, as \r\nmay be specified in the Order. \r\n(4) The President may 2authorise the Governor of a Province to exercise, in relation to the \r\nProvince, the powers conferred on the President by clause  (3) in respect of laws relating to matters \r\nwith respect to which the Provincial Assembly has power to make laws. \r\n(5) The powers exercisable under clauses (3) and (4) shall be subject to the provisions of an \r\nAct of the appropriate Legislature. \r\n(6) Any court, tribunal or authority required or empowered to enforce an existing law shall, \r\nnotwithstanding that no adaptations have been made in such law by an Order made under clause (3) or \r\nclause (4), construe the law with all such adaptations as are necessary to bring it into accord with the \r\nprovisions of the Constitution. \r\n(7) In this Article, “existing laws” means all laws (including Ordinances, Orders -in-Council, \r\nOrders, rules, bye-laws, regulations and Letters Patent constituting a High Court, and any notifications \r\nand other legal instruments having the force of law) in force in Pakistan or any part thereof, or having \r\nextra-territorial validity, immediately before the commencing day. \r\nExplanation.– In this Article, “in force”, in relation to any law, means having effect as law \r\nwhether or not the law has been brought into operation. \r\n269. Validation of law, acts, etc. __ (1) All Proclamations, President's Orders, Martial Law \r\nRegulations, Martial Law Orders and all other laws made between the twentieth day of December, one \r\nthousand nine hundred and seventy-one and the twentieth day of April, one thousand nine hundred and \r\nseventy- two (both days inclusive), are hereby declared , notwithstanding any judgment of any court, \r\nto have been validly made by competent authority and shall not be called in question in any court on \r\nany ground whatsoever. \r\n(2) All orders made, proceedings taken and acts done by any authority, or by any person, which \r\nwere made, taken or done, or purported to have been made, taken or done, between the twentieth day \r\nof December, one thousand nine hundred and seventy -one, and the twentieth day of Ap ril, one \r\nthousand nine hundred and seventy-two (both days inclusive), in exercise of the powers derived from \r\nany President's Orders, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders, enactments, notifications, rules, \r\norders or bye -laws, or in execution of any o rders made or sentences passed by any authority in the \r\nexercise or purported exercise of powers as aforesaid, shall, notwithstanding any judgment of any \r\ncourt, be deemed to be and always to have been validly made, taken or done and shall not be called in \r\nquestion in any court on any ground whatsoever. \r\n(3) No suit or other legal proceedings shall lie in any court against any authority or any person \r\nfor or on account of or in respect of any order made, proceedings taken or act done whether in the  \r\n \r\n1Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 94. \r\n2For such authorization, see Gaz. of Pak., 1973, Ext., Pt. II, p. 2001. \r\n \r\n Page 136 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n  \r\nexercise or purported exercise of the powers referred to in clause (2) or in execution of or in compliance \r\nwith orders made or sentences passed in exercise or purported exercise of such powers. \r\n270. Temporary validation of certain laws, etc. __ (1) 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] may \r\nby law made in the manner prescribed for legislation for a matter in Part I of the Federal Legislative \r\nList validate all Proclamations, President's Orders, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders and \r\nother laws made between the  twenty-fifth day of March, one thousand nine hundred and sixty -nine, \r\nand the nineteenth day of December, one thousand nine hundred and seventy - one (both days \r\ninclusive). \r\n(2) Notwithstanding a judgment of any court, a law made by 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] \r\nunder clause (1) shall not be questioned in any court on any ground, whatsoever. \r\n \r\n(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of clause (1), and a judgment of any court to the contrary, \r\nfor a period of two years from the commencing day, the validity of all such instruments as are referred \r\nto in clause (1) shall not be called in question before any court on any ground whatsoever. \r\n(4) All orders made, proceedings taken, and acts done by any authority, or any person, which \r\nwere made, taken or done, or purported to hav e been made, taken or done, between the twenty -fifth \r\nday of March, one thousand nine hundred and sixty -nine and nineteenth day of December, one \r\nthousand nine hundred and seventy-one (both days inclusive), in exercise of powers derived from any \r\nPresident’s Orders, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders, enactments, notifications, rules, \r\norders or bye -laws, or in execution of any order made or sentence passed by any authority in the \r\nexercise or purported exercise of power as aforesaid shall, notwithstanding any judgment of any court, \r\nbe deemed to be and always to have been validly made, taken or done, so however that any such order, \r\nproceeding or act may be declared invalid by 1[Majlis-e- Shoora (Parliament)] at any time within a \r\nperiod of two years from the commencing day by resolution of both Houses, or in case of disagreement \r\nbetween the two Houses, by such resolution passed at a joint sitting and shall not be called in question \r\nbefore any court on any ground, whatsoever. \r\n2[3[270A. Affirmation of President’s Orders, etc. __ (1) The Proclamation of the fifth day of \r\nJuly, 1977, all President's Orders, Ordinances,   Martial Law Regulations,   Martial Law Orders, \r\nincluding the Referendum Order, 1984 (P.O. No. 11 of 1984), 4[* * * * * *  *] the Revival of the \r\nConstitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, \r\n1985 (P.O. No. 20 of 1985), the Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 24 of 1985), \r\nand all other laws made between the fifth day of July, 1977, and the date on which this Article comes \r\ninto force are hereby affirmed, adopted and declared, notwithstanding any judgement of any court, to \r\nhave been validly made by competent aut hority and, notwith standing anything contained in th e \r\nConstitution, shall not be called in question in any court on any ground whatsoever : \r\nProvided that a President’ s Order, Martial Law Regulation or Martial Law Order made after \r\nthe thirtieth day of September, 1985, shall be confined only to making such provisions as facilitate, or \r\nare incidental to, the revocation of the Proclamation of the fifth day of July, 1977. \r\n(2) All orders made, proceedings taken and acts done by any authority or by any person, which \r\nwere made, taken or done, or purported to have been made, taken or done, between the fifth day of \r\nJuly, 1977, and the date on which this Article comes into force, in exercise of the powers derived from  \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n2Ins. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act. 1985 (Act No. XVIII of 1985) s. 19, for “Art. 270A” (w. e. f. 30-12-1985) vide S. R. O. No. 1279 \r\n(1)/85, dated 29-12-85 read with Proclamation of Withdrawal of Martial Law, dated 30-12-85, see Gaz. of Pak., 1985, Ext., Pt. 1. pp. 431-432. \r\n4Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 95. \r\n \r\n Page 137 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nany Proclamation, President’ s Orders, Ordinances, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders, \r\nenactments, notifications, rules, orders or bye-laws, or in execution of or in compliance with any order \r\nmade or sentence passed by any authority in the exercise or purported exercise of powers as aforesaid, \r\nshall, notwithstanding any judgement of any court, be deemed to be and always to have been validly \r\nmade, taken or done and shall not be called in question in any court on any ground whatsoever. \r\n(3) All President’ s Orders, Ordinances, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders, \r\nenactments, notifications, rules, orders, or bye -laws, in force immediately before the date * on which \r\nthis Article comes into force shall continue in force until altered, repealed or amended  by competent \r\nauthority. \r\nExplanation.__ In this clause, “competent authority” means,__ \r\n(a) in respect of President’s Order’s, Ordinances, Martial Law Regulations, Martial \r\nLaw Orders and enactments, the appropriate Legislature; and \r\n(b) in respect of notifications, rules, orders and bye-laws, the authority in which the \r\npower to make, alter, repeal or amend the same vests under the law. \r\n(4) No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie in any court against any authority \r\nor any person, for or  on account of or in respect of any order made, proceedings taken or act done \r\nwhether in the exercise or purported exercise of the powers referred to in clause (2) or in execution of \r\nor in compliance with orders made or sentences passed in exercise or purp orted exercise of such \r\npowers. \r\n(5) For the purposes of clauses (1), (2) and (4), all orders made, proceedings taken, acts done \r\nor purporting to be made, taken or done by any authority or person shall be deemed to have been made, \r\ntaken or done in good faith and for the purpose intended to be served thereby. \r\n \r\n1[(6) The laws referred to in clause (1) may be amended by the appropriate Legislature in the \r\nmanner provided for amendment of such laws. \r\n \r\nExplanation.__ In this Article, “President’s Orders” includes “President and Chief Martial Law \r\nAdministrator’s Order” and “Chief Martial Law Administrator’s Orders.] \r\n1[270AA. Declaration and continuance of laws etc.__ (1) The Proclamation of Emergency of \r\nthe fourteenth day of October, 1999, the Provisional Constituti on Order No. 1 of 1999, the Oath of \r\nOffice (Judges) Order, 2000 ( No. 1 of 2000), Chief Executive’ s Order No. 12 of 2002, C hief \r\nExecutive’s Order No. 19 of 2002, the amendment s made in the Constitution through the Legal \r\nFramework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive’s Order No. 24 of 2002), the Legal Framework \r\n(Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive’ s Order No. 29 of 2002) and the Legal Framework \r\n(Second Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief E xecutive’s Order No. 32 of 2002), notwithstanding any \r\njudgement of any court including the Supreme Court or a High Court, are hereby declared as having \r\nbeen made without lawful authority and of no legal effect. \r\n(2) Except as provided in clause (1) and subject to the provisions of the Constitution \r\n(Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 201 0, all laws including President’s Orders, Acts, Ordinances, Chief \r\nExecutive’s Orders, regulations, enactments, notifications, rules, orders or bye-laws made between the \r\ntwelfth day of October, one thousand nine hundred and ninety -nine and the thirty -first day of \r\nDecember, two thousand and three (both days inclusive) and still in force shall, continue to be in force \r\nuntil altered, repealed or amended by the competent authority. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, (Act No. X of 2010), ss. 95-96. \r\n*Article. 270A subs. by the Constitution (Eight Amendment) Act, 1985 (Act No. XVIII of 1985), which received President’s assent on 09-11-1985, \r\ncame into force on 09-11-1985. \r\n \r\n Page 138 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nExplanation.__ For the purposes of clause (2) and clause (6), “competent authority” means,__ \r\n(a) in respect of Presidents’ Orders, Ordinances, Chief Executive’s Orders and all \r\nother laws, the appropriate Legislature; and \r\n(b) in respect of notification, rules, orders and bye-laws, the authority in which the \r\npower to make, alter, repeal or amend the same vests under the law. \r\n(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution or clause (1), or judgement of any \r\ncourt including the Supreme Court or a High Court,__ \r\n(a) Judges of the Supreme Court, High Courts and Federal Shariat Court who were \r\nholding the office of a Judge or were appointed as such, and had taken oath \r\nunder the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2000, (1 of 2000), shall be deemed to \r\nhave continued to hold the office as a Judge or to have been appointed as such, \r\nas the case may be, under the Constitution, and such continuance or \r\nappointment, shall have effect accordingly. \r\n(b) Judges of the Supreme Court, High Courts and Federal Shariat Court who not \r\nhaving been given or taken oath under the Oath of Office of (Judges) Order, \r\n2000 (1 of 2000), and ceased to hold the office of a Judge shall, for the purposes \r\nof pensionary benefits only, be deemed to have continued to hold office under \r\nthe Constitution till their date of superannuation. \r\n \r\n(4) All orders made, proceedings taken, appointments made, including secondments and \r\ndeputations, and acts done by a ny authority, or by any person which were made, taken or done, or \r\npurported to have been made, taken or done, betwe en the twelfth day of October, one thousan d nine \r\nhundred and ninety -nine and the thirty first day of December, two thousand and three (both days \r\ninclusive), in exercise of the powers derived from any authority or laws mentioned in clause (2), or in \r\nexecution of or in compliance with any orders made or sentences passed by any authority in the \r\nexercise or purported exercise of powers as aforesaid, shall, notwithstanding anything contained in \r\nclause (1), be deemed to be valid and shall not be called in questio n in any court or forum on any \r\nground whatsoever. \r\n(5) No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings , including writ petitions, shall lie in any \r\ncourt or forum against any authority or any person, for or on account of or in respect of any order \r\nmade, Proc eedings taken or act done whether in the exercise or purported exercise of the powers \r\nreferred to in clause (2) or clause (4) or in execution of or in compliance with orders made or sentences \r\npassed in exercise or purported exercise of such powers. \r\n(6) Notwithstanding omission of the Concurrent Legislative List by the Constitution \r\n(Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, all laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in the said \r\nList (including Ordinances, Orders, rules, bye -laws, regulations and notificat ions and  other legal \r\ninstruments having the force of law) in force in Pakistan or any part thereof, or having extra-territorial \r\noperation, immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act , \r\n2010, shall continue to remain in force until altered, repealed or amended by the competent authority. \r\n(7) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, all taxes and fees levied under any \r\nlaw in force immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, \r\n2010, shall continue to be levied until they are varied or abolished by an Act of the appropriate \r\n \r\n Page 139 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nlegislature. \r\n(8) On the omission of the Concurrent Legislative List, the process of devolution of the matters \r\nmentioned in the said List to the Provinces shall be completed by the thirtieth day of June, two thousand \r\nand eleven. \r\n \r\n(9) For purposes of the devolution process under clause (8), the Federal Government shall \r\nconstitute an Implementation Commission as it may deem fit within fifteen days of the commencement \r\nof the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010.] \r\n \r\n270AAA. 1[Validation and affirmation of laws etc.] \r\n \r\n270B. Elections to be deemed to be held under Constitution.  Notwithstanding anything \r\ncontained in the Constitution, the elections held under the Houses of (Parliament) and Provincial \r\nAssemblies (Elections) Order, 1977, 2[and the Conduct of General Elections Order, 2002 (Chief \r\nExecutive's Order No. 7 of 2002),] to t he Houses and the Provincial Assemblies shall be deemed to \r\nhave been held under the Constitution and shall have effect accordingly.] \r\n3[270BB. General Elections 2008.__ Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution \r\nor any other law for the time being in force, the General Elections 2008, to the National Assembly and \r\nthe Provincial Assemblies held on the eighteenth day of February, two thousand and eight shall be \r\ndeemed to have been held under the Constitution and shall have effect accordingly.] \r\n270C. 4[* * * * * * *] \r\n5[271. First National Assembly.__ (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution \r\nbut subject to 6[Article 63,] Article 64 and Article 223,__ \r\n6[(a) the first National Assembly shall consist of__ \r\n(i) persons who have taken oath in the National Assembly of Pakistan \r\nexisting immediately before the commencing day, and \r\n(ii) the persons to be elected in accordance with law by the members of the \r\nAssembly to fill the seats referred to in clause (2A) of Article 51, \r\nand, unless sooner dissolved, shall continue until the fourteenth day of August, one thousand \r\nnine hundred and seventy-seven; and reference to ‘total membership’ of the National Assembly \r\nin the Constitution shall be construed accordingly;] \r\n(b)  the qualifications and disqualifications for being elected and being a member of \r\nthe first National Assembly shall, except in case of members filling casual \r\nvacancies 6[, or to be elected to the additional seats referred to in clause (2A) of \r\nArticle 51,] after the commencing day, be the same as under the Interim \r\nConstitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: \r\n \r\n1Article 270AAA has been inserted w. e. f the 20th Nov,2007, vide A.6 of the constitution (Amendment) Order, 2007, (P.O. 2007), which was declared \r\nunlawful, without authority and void ab initio by the Supreme Court of Pakistan.  \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 97, and shall be deemed always to have been so, ins. with affec t \r\nfrom the 21st day of August 2002. \r\n3Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 98. \r\n4Omitted as a consequence of the (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), see section 2 and Article 270AA. \r\n5Art. 271 shall, during the period of five years from the 27th October, 1973, have effect as if,__ \r\n(a)after clause (2) thereof, the following new clause was ins., namely:__ “(2A) A person referred to in clause (2) shall resign one of his seats at any time \r\non or before the 10th day of November, 1973, and, if he does not so resign, the seat to which he was elected first shall become vacant.”; and \r\n(b)in clause (3) thereof, after the words “election petition”, the words “or other-wise” were inserted, see \r\nthe Removal of Difficulties (Bar against Double Membership) Order, 1973 (P. O. No. 22 of 1973). \r\n6Ins. and subs. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (Act No. LXXI of 1975), s. 9, (w. e. f. the 21st November, 1975).  \r\n \r\n Page 140 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nProvided that no person holding an office of profit in the service of Pakistan shall continue to \r\nbe a member of the first National Assembly after the expiration of three months from the commencing \r\nday. \r\n(2) If a person referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1) is, immediately before the commencing \r\nday, also a member of a Provincial Assembly, he shall not take a seat in the National Assembly or the \r\nProvincial Assembly until he resigns one of his seats. \r\n(3) A casual vacancy in a seat in the first National Assembly, including a vacancy in a sea t in \r\nthe National Assembly of Pakistan existing before the commencing day which was not filled before \r\nthat day, caused by reason of death or resignation of a member or consequent upon his incurring a \r\ndisqualification or ceasing to be a member as a result of the final decision of an election petition may \r\nbe filled in the same manner in which it would have been filled before the commencing day. \r\n(4) A person referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1) shall not sit or vote in the National \r\nAssembly until he has made the oath prescribed by Article 65 and, if, without the leave of the Speaker \r\nof the National Assembly granted on reasonable cause shown, he fails to make the oath within twenty \r\none days from the day of the first meeting of the Assembly, his seat shall become vacant at the \r\nexpiration of that period. \r\n1272. First 2[constitution of] Senate.  3[*]Notwithstanding anything contained in the \r\nConstitution, but subject to 3[Article 63 and] Article 223,__ \r\n(a)  the Senate shall, until the first National Assembly under the Constitution \r\ncontinues in existence , consist of forty -five members and the provisions of \r\nArticle 59 shall have effect as if, in paragraph (a) of clause (1) thereof, for the \r\nword \"fourteen\" the word \"ten\" and in paragraph (b) of that clause for the word \r\n\"five\" the word \"three\", were substituted, and reference to \"total membership\" \r\nof the Senate in the Constitution shall be construed accordingly; \r\n(b) the members elected or chosen as members of the  Senate shall be divided into \r\ntwo groups by drawing of lots, the first group consisting of five members from \r\neach Province, two members from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and \r\none member from the Federal Capital and the second group consisting of five \r\nmembers from each Province, one member from the said Areas and one member \r\nfrom the Federal Capital; \r\n(c) the term of office of members of the first group and of the second group shall \r\nrespectively be two years and four years; \r\n(d) the term of office of persons elected or chosen to succeed the members of the \r\nSenate at the expiration of their respective terms shall be four years; \r\n \r\n1Article 272 had, between the 9th June, 1973, and the 14th August, 1974, effect subject to the following modifications made by the Election to the \r\nSenate Order, 1973 (P.O.No.8 OF 1973), namely:__ \r\nIn the said Article, after clause (1), the following new clause shall be added, namely:__ \r\n“(2) Until Parliament by law makes provision in that behalf, the President may, for the purpose of the due constitution of, and election to, the Senate, by \r\nOrder, make provision for any of the matters referred to in__ \r\n(a)Paragraphs (d) and (e) of clause (1) of Article 63; \r\n(b)Paragraphs (d), (e) and (f) of Article 222; and \r\n(c)Article 225.\". \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (Act No. XXXIII of 1974), s. 16, (w. e. f. the 4th May, 1974). \r\n3Omitted and ins. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act. ,1975 (Act No. LXXI of 1975), s. 10, (w. e. f. 21st November, 1975). \r\n \r\n Page 141 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n (e) the term of office of a person elected or chosen to fill a casual vacancy shall be \r\nthe unexpired term of the member whose vacancy he is elected or chosen to fill; \r\n(f) as soon as the first general election to the National Assembly is held, there shall \r\nbe elected to the  Senate four additional members from each Province and two \r\nadditional members from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas; and \r\n(g) the term of office of such half of the members elected under paragraph (f) as \r\nmay be determined by drawing of lots shall be the unexpired term of office of \r\nthe members of the first group and the term of office of the other half shall be \r\nthe unexpired term of the members of the second group. \r\n1273. First Provincial Assembly. __ (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the \r\nConstitution, but subject to 2[Article 63,] Article 64 and Article 223,__ \r\n2[(a) the first Assembly of a Province under the Constitution shall consist of__ \r\n(i) the members of the Assembly of that Province in existence immediately \r\nbefore the commencing day, and \r\n(ii) the additional members to be elected in accordance with law by the \r\nmembers of the Assembly to fill the seats referred to in clause (3) of \r\nArticle 106, \r\nand, unless sooner dissolved, shall continue until the fourteenth day of August, \r\none thousand nine hundred and seventy -seven; and reference  to “total \r\nmembership” of the Assembly of a Province in the Constitution shall be \r\nconstrued accordingly;] \r\n(b)     the qualifications and disqualifications for member-ship of the first Assembly of \r\na Province shall, except in case of members filling casual vacancies 2[, or to be \r\nelected to the additional seats referred to in clause (3) of Article 106,] after the \r\ncommencing day, be the same as were provided in the Interim Constitution of \r\nthe Islamic Republic of Pakistan: \r\nProvided that no person holding an office of profit in the service of Pakistan shall continue to \r\nbe a member of the Assembly after the expiration of three months from the commencing day. \r\n(2) A casual vacancy in a seat in the first Assembly of a Province, including a vacancy in a seat \r\nin the Assembly of that Province in existence immediately before the commencing day which was not \r\nfilled before that d ay, caused by reason of death or resignation of a member or consequent upon his \r\nincurring a disqualification or ceasing to be a member as a result of the final decision of an election \r\npetition may be filled in the same manner in which it would have been fi lled before the commencing \r\nday. \r\n(3) A member referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1) shall not sit or vote in the Provincial \r\nAssembly until he has made the oath prescribed by Article 65 read with Article 127 and, if, without \r\nleave of the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly granted on reasonable cause shown, he fails to make \r\n \r\n1Article 273 shall, during the period of five years from the 27th October, 1973, have effect as if, in clause (2) thereof, after the words “elections petitions”, \r\nthe words “or otherwise” were ins., see. the Removal of Difficulties (Bar against Double Membership) Order, 1973 (P.O. No.22 of 1973). \r\n2Ins. and subs. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (Act No. LXXI of 1975), s. 11, (w. e. f. the 21st November, 1975). \r\n \r\n Page 142 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nthe oath within twenty-one days from the day of the first meeting of the Provincial Assembly, his \r\nseat shall become vacant at the expiration of that period. \r\n274. Vesting of property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations. __ (1) All property and \r\nassets which, immediately before the  commencing day, were vested in the President or the Federal \r\nGovernment shall, as from that day, vest in the Federal Government unless they were used for purposes \r\nwhich, on that day, became purposes of the Government of a Pro vince, in which case they shall, as \r\nfrom that day, vest in the Government of the Province. \r\n(2) All property and assets which, immediately before the commencing day, were vested in the \r\nGovernment of a Province, shall, as from that day, continue to be vested  in the Government of that \r\nProvince, unless they were used for purposes, which on that day, became purposes of the Federal \r\nGovernment in which case they shall, as from that day, vest in the Federal Government. \r\n(3) All rights, liabilities and obligations of the Federal Government or of the Government of a \r\nProvince, whether arising out of contract or otherwise, shall as from the commencing day, continue to \r\nbe respectively the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Federal Government or of the Government \r\nof the Province, except that__ \r\n(a) all rights, liabilities and obligations relating to any matter which, immediately \r\nbefore that day, was the responsibility of the Federal Government, but which \r\nunder the Constitution, has become the responsibility of the Go vernment of a \r\nProvince, shall devolve upon the Government of that Province; and \r\n(b) all rights, liabilities and obligations relating to any matter which, immediately \r\nbefore that day, was the responsibility of the Government of a Province, but \r\nwhich under t he Constitution, has become the responsibility of the Federal \r\nGovernment, shall devolve upon the Federal Government. \r\n275. Continuance in office of persons in service of Pakistan, etc. __ (1) Subject to the \r\nConstitution and until law is made under Article 240 any person who, immediately before the \r\ncommencing day, was in the service of Pakistan shall, as from that day, continue in the service of \r\nPakistan on the same terms and conditions as were applicable to him under the Interim Constitution of \r\nthe Islamic Republic of Pakistan immediately before that day. \r\n(2) Clause (1) shall also apply in relation to a person holding office immediately before the \r\ncommencing day as__ \r\n(a) Chief Justice of Pakistan or other Judge of the Supreme Court, or Chief Justice \r\nor other Judge of a High Court; \r\n(b) Governor of a Province; \r\n(c) Chief Minister of a Province; \r\n(d) Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly; \r\n(e) Chief Election Commissioner; \r\n(f) Attorney-General for Pakistan or Advocate-General for a Province; and \r\n(g) Auditor-General of Pakistan. \r\n \r\n Page 143 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, for a period of six months from \r\nthe commencing day, a Federal Minister or a Minister of State or the Chief Minister of a Province or \r\na Provincial Minister may be a person who is not a member of 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] or, as \r\nthe case may be, the Provincial Assembly of that Province; and such Chief Minister and Provincial \r\nMinister shall have the right to speak and otherwise take part in th e proceedings of the Provincial \r\nAssembly or any committee thereof of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of \r\nthis clause be entitled to vote. \r\n(4) Any person who, under this Article, is continued in an office in respect of which a form of \r\noath is set out in the Third Schedule shall, as soon as is practicable after the commencing day , make \r\nbefore the appropriate person oath in that form. \r\n(5) Subject to the Constitution and law__ \r\n(a) all civil, criminal and revenue courts exercising jurisdiction and functions \r\nimmediately before the commencing day shall, as from that day, continue to \r\nexercise their respective jurisdictions and functions; and \r\n(b) all authorities and all office rs (whether judicial, executive, revenue or \r\nministerial) throughout Pakistan exercising functions immediately before the \r\ncommencing day shall, as from that day, continue to exercise their respective \r\nfunctions. \r\n276. Oath of first President. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the first \r\nPresident may, in the absence of the Chief Justice of Pakistan, make the oath referred to in Article 42 \r\nbefore the Speaker of the National Assembly. \r\n277. Transitional financial  provisions.__ (1) The schedule of  authorized expenditure \r\nauthenticated by the President for the financial year ending on the thirtieth day of June, one thousand \r\nnine hundred and seventy -four, shall continue to remain a valid authority for expenditure from the \r\nFederal Consolidated Fund for that year. \r\n(2) The President may, in respect of expe nditure of the Federal Government for any financial \r\nyear preceding the financial year commencing on the first day of July, one thousand nine hundred and \r\nseventy-three (being expenditure in excess of the authorized expenditure for that year), authorize the \r\nwithdrawal of moneys from the Federal Consolidated Fund. \r\n(3) The provisions of clauses (1) and (2) shall apply to and in relation to a Province, and for \r\nthat purpose__ \r\n(a) any reference in those provisions to the President shall be read as a reference to \r\nthe Governor of the Province; \r\n(b) any reference in those provisions to the Federal Government shall be read as a \r\nreference to the Government of the Province; and \r\n(c) any reference in those provisions to the Federal Consolidated Fund shall be read \r\nas a reference to the Provincial Consolidated Fund of the Province. \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 144 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n278. Accounts not audited before commencing day. The Auditor-General shall perform the \r\nsame functions and exercise the same powers in relation to accounts which have not been completed \r\nor audited before the commencing day as,  by virtue of the Constitution, he is empowered to perform \r\nor exercise in relation to other accounts, and Article 171 shall, with the necessary modifications, apply \r\naccordingly. \r\n279. Continuance of taxes. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, all taxes \r\nand fees levied under any law in force immediately before the commencing day shall continue to be \r\nlevied until they are varied or abolished by Act of the appropriate Legislature. \r\n280. Continuance of Proclamation of Emergency.  The Proclamation of Emergency issued \r\non the twenty-third day of November, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-one, shall be deemed to \r\nbe a Proclamation of Emergency issued under Article 232, and for the purposes of clause (7) and clause \r\n(8) thereof to have been issued on the commencing day, and any law, rule or order made or purporting \r\nto have been made in pursuance of that Proclamation shall be deemed to have been validly made 1[and \r\nshall not be called in question in any Court on the ground of inconsiste ncy with any of the rights \r\nconferred by Chapter I of Part II. ] \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Added by the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Act No. LXII of 1976), s. 17 and shall be deemed always to have been so added. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 145 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[ANNEX \r\n(Article 2A) \r\nThe Objectives Resolution \r\nIn the name of Allah, the Beneficient, the Merciful: \r\nWhereas sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Allah Almighty alone and the \r\nauthority which He has delegated to the State of Pakistan, through its people for being exercised within \r\nthe limits prescribed by Him is a sacred trust; \r\nThis Constituent Assembly representing the people of Pakistan resolves to frame a constitution \r\nfor the sovereign independent State of Pakistan; \r\nWherein the State shall exercise its powers and authority through the chosen representatives of \r\nthe people; \r\nWherein the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice as \r\nenunciated by Islam shall be fully observed; \r\nWherein the Muslims shall be enabled to order their lives in t he individual and collective \r\nspheres in accordance with the teachings and requirements of Islam as set -out in the Holy Quran and \r\nthe Sunnah; \r\nWherein adequate provision shal l be made for the minorities to 2[freely] profess and practise \r\ntheir religions and develop their cultures; \r\nWherein the territories now included in or in accession with Pakistan and such other territories \r\nas may hereafter be included in or accede to Pakistan shall form a Federation wherein the units will be \r\nautonomous with such boundaries and limitations on their powers and authority as may be prescribed; \r\nWherein shall be guaranteed fundamental rights including equality of status, of opportunity \r\nand before law, social, economic and political justice, and freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, \r\nworship and association, subject to law and public morality; \r\nWherein adequate provision shall be made to safeguard the legitimate interests of minorities \r\nand backward and depressed classes; \r\nWherein the independence of the Judiciary shall be fully secured; \r\nWherein the integrity of the territories of the Federation, its independence and all its rights \r\nincluding its sovereign rights on land, sea and air shall be safeguarded; \r\nSo that the people of Pakistan may prosper and attain their rightful and honoured place amongst \r\nthe nations of the World and make their full contribution towards international peace and progress and \r\nhappiness of humanity.] \r\n \r\n1Ins. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n2Ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 99. \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 146 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[FIRST SCHEDULE \r\n[Article 8(3) (b) and (4)] \r\nLaws exempted from the operation of Article 8 (1) and (2). \r\nPART I \r\nI. PRESIDENT’S ORDERS \r\n1. The Acceding State (Property) Order, 1961 (P. O. No. 12 of 1961). \r\n2.  The Economic Reforms Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 1 of 1972). \r\nII. REGULATIONS \r\n1. The Land Reforms Regulation, 1972. \r\n2. The Land Reforms (Baluchistan Pat Feeder Canal) Regulation, 1972. \r\n3. The Economic Reforms (Protection of Industries) Regulation, 1972. \r\n4. The Distribution of Property (Chitral) Regulation, 1974 (II of 1974). \r\n5. The Settlement of Disputes of Immovable Property (Chitral) Regulation, 1974 (III of 1974). \r\n6. The Dir and Swat (Devolution and Distribution of Prop erty and Settlement of Disputes of \r\nImmovable Property) (Amendment) Regulation, 1975 (II of 1975). \r\n2[7. The Settlement of Disputes of Immovable Property (Chitral) (Amendment) Regulation, 1976 \r\n(XII of 1976).] \r\nIII. FEDERAL ACTS \r\n1. The Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1974 (XXX of 1974). \r\n2. The Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1975 (XXXIX of 1975). \r\n2[3. The Flour Milling Control and Development Act, 1976 (LVII of 1976). \r\n4. The Rice Milling Control and Development Act, 1976 (LVIII of 1976). \r\n5. The Cotton Ginning Control and Development Act, 1976 (LIX of 1976).] \r\n3[* * * * * * *] \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (Act No. LXXI of 1975), s. 12, (w. e. f. the 21st November, 1975). \r\n2Added by the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Act No. LXII of 1976), s. 18, (w. e. f. the 13th September, 1976). \r\n3Added by the Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 2015 (Act No. I of 2015) and stood cease to form part of the Constitution and stood stand \r\nrepealed on the expiration of two years. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 147 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n6. 1[* * * * * * *] \r\n7.  1[* * * * * * *] \r\n8.  2[* * * * * * *] \r\n9.  2[* * * * * * *] \r\nIV. ORDINANCES PROMULGATED BY THE PRESIDENT \r\nThe Land Reforms (Amendment) Ordinance, 1975 (XXI of 1975), and the Federal Act enacted to \r\nreplace the said Ordinance. \r\nV. PROVINCIAL ACTS \r\n1. The Land Reforms (Baluchistan Amendment) Act, 1974 (Baluchistan Act XI of 1974). \r\n2. The Land Reforms (Pat Feeder Canal Regulat ion) (Amendment) Act, 1975 (Balu chistan Act \r\nVII of 1975). \r\n3[VI. PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE \r\nThe Land Reforms (Pat Feeder Canal) (Amendment) Ordinance, 1976.] \r\nPART II \r\nI. PRESIDENT’S ORDERS \r\n1. The Minerals (Acquisition and Transfer) Order, 1961 (P. O. No. 8 of 1961). \r\n2. The Companies (Managing Agency and Election of Directors) Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 2 of \r\n1972). \r\n3. The Co-operative Societies (Reforms) Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 9 of 1972). \r\n4. The Life Insurance (Nationalization) Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 10 of 1972). \r\n5. The Martial Law (Pending Proceedings) Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 14 of 1972). \r\n6. The Rulers of Acceding States (Abolition of P rivy Purses and Privileges) Order, 1972 (P. O. \r\nNo. 15 of 1972). \r\n7. The Industrial Sanctions and Licences (Cancellation) Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 16 of 1972). \r\n8. The Criminal Law Amendment (Special Court) Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 20 of 1972). \r\nII. REGULATIONS \r\n1. Rawalpindi (Requisition of Property) Regulation, 1959. \r\n2. The Pakistan Capital Regulation, 1960. \r\n \r\n1The entries 6 and 7 stood repealed by the Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 2017 (Act No. XII of 2017)), s. 3, after the expiry of two years \r\non 6th January, 2019.  \r\n2The entries 8 and 9 stood repealed by the Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 2015 (Act No. I of 2015)), s.1, after the expiry of two years on \r\n6th January, 2017.  \r\n3Added by the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Act No. LXII of 1976), s. 18 (w.e.f. the 13th September, 1976). \r\n \r\n Page 148 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n3. The Scrutiny of Claims (Evacuee Property) Regulation, 1961. \r\n4. The Income Tax (Correction of Returns and False Declaration) Regulation, 1969. \r\n5. The Improper Acquisition of Property Regulation, 1969. \r\n6. The Removal from Service (Special Provisions) Regulation, 1969. \r\n7. The Living Beyond Ostensible Means (Punishment) Regulation, 1969. \r\n8. The Government Agricultural Land (Recovery of Illegal Possession) Regulation, 1969. \r\n9. The Enemy Property (Payment of Money Due to Enemy) Regulation, 1970. \r\n10. The Withdrawal of Currency Notes (High Denomination) Regulation, 1971. \r\n11. The Price of Evacuee Property and Public Dues (Recovery) Regulation, 1971. \r\n12. The Peshawar District and Tribal Areas (Settlement of Disputes) Regulation, 1971. \r\n13. The Convention Muslim League and Awami League (Scrutiny of Funds) Regulation, 1971. \r\n14. The Foreign Exchange Repatriation Regulation, 1972. \r\n15. The Foreign Assets (Declaration) Regulation, 1972. \r\n16. The Removal from Service (Review Petition) Regulation, 1972. \r\n17. The privately Managed Schools and Colleges (Taking Over) Regulation, 1972. \r\n18. The Enemy Property (Revocation of Sales) Regulation, 1972. \r\n19. The Dir and Swat (Devolution and Distribution of Property) Regulation, 1972. \r\n20. The Dir and Swat (Settlement of Disputes of Immovable Property) Regulation, 1972. \r\n21. The West Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation (Revocation of Sale or Transfer) \r\nRegulation, 1972. \r\n22. The National Press Trust (Suspension of Board of Trustees and Directors) Regulation, 1972. \r\n23. The Co-operative Banks (Repayment  of Loans) (Punjab) Regulation, 1972. \r\n24. The Co-operative Societies (Repayment of Loans) (Sindh) Regulation, 1972. \r\n \r\nIII. ORDINANCES PROMULGATED BY THE PRESIDENT \r\n1. The Control of Shipping Ordinance, 1959 (XIII of 1959). \r\n2. The Jammu and Kashmir (Administration of Property) Ordinance, 1961 (III of 1961). \r\n3. The Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961 (VIII of 1961). \r\n \r\n Page 149 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n4. The Security of Pakistan (Amendment) Ordinance, 1961 (XIV of 1961). \r\n5. The Associated Press of Pakistan (Taking Over) Ordinance, 1961 (XX of 1961). \r\n6. The Trade Organisations Ordinance, 1961 (XLV of 1961). \r\nIV. FEDERAL ACTS \r\nThe Censorship of Films Act, 1963 (XVIII of 1963). \r\nV. ORDINANCES PROMULGATED BY THE GOVERNOR OF FORMER PROVINCE OF \r\nWEST PAKISTAN \r\n1. The West Pakistan Government Educational and Training Institutions Ordinance, 1960 (W.P. \r\nOrdinance No. XI of 1960). \r\n2. The West Pakistan Wakf Properties Ordinance, 1961 (W.P. Ordinance No. XXVIII of 1961). \r\n3. The Societies Registration (West Pakistan Amendment) Ordinance, 1962 (W.P. Ordinance No. \r\nIX of 1962). \r\n4. The West Pakistan Industries (Control on Establishment and Enlargement) Ordinance, 1963 \r\n(W.P. Ordinance No. IV of 1963). \r\nVI. ORDINANCES PROMULGATED BY THE GOVERNOR OF THE NORTH-WEST \r\nFRONTIER PROVINCE \r\n1. The North -West Frontier Province Government Educational and Training Institutions \r\nOrdinance, 1971 (N.W.F.P. Ordinance No. III of 1971). \r\n2. The North-West Frontier Province Chashma Right Bank Canal Project (Control and Prevention \r\nof Speculation in Land) Ordinance, 1971 (N.W.F.P. Ordinance No. V of 1971). \r\n3. The North-West Frontier Province Gomal Zam Project (Control and Prevention of Speculation \r\nin Land) Ordinance, 1971 (N.W.F.P. Ordinance No. VIII of 1971).] \r\n \r\n_____ \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 150 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[SECOND SCHEDULE \r\n[Article 41 (3)] \r\nElection Of President \r\n1. The 2[Election Commission of Pakistan] shall hold and conduct election to the office of \r\nPresident, and 2[Chief Election Commissioner] shall be the Returning Officer for such election. \r\n2. The 2[Election Commission of Pakistan] shall appoint Presiding Officers to preside at the \r\nmeeting of the members of Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament) and at the meetings of the members of the \r\nProvincial Assemblies. \r\n3. The Chief Election Commissioner shall by public notifi cation fix the time and place for \r\ndepositing nomination papers, holding a scrutiny, making withdrawals, if any, and holding the poll, if \r\nnecessary. \r\n4. At any time before noon on the day fixed for nomination any member of the Majlis -e-Shoora \r\n(Parliament) or of a Provincial Assembly may nominate for election as President a person qualified \r\nfor election as President by delivering to the Presiding Officer a nomination paper, signed by himself \r\nas proposer and by another member of the Majlis -e- Shoora (Parliament ) or, as the case may be \r\nAssembly as seconder, together with a statement signed by t he person nominated that he cons ents to \r\nthe nomination: \r\nProvided that no person shall subscribe, whether as proposer or as seconder, more than one \r\nnomination paper at any one election. \r\n5. The scrutiny shall be held by the Chief Election Commissioner at the time and place fixed by \r\nhim, and if after scrutiny only one person remains validly nominated, the Chief Election Commissioner \r\nshall declare that person to be elected, or if more than one person remains validly nominated, he shall \r\nannounce, by public notification, the names of the persons validly nominated, to be hereinafter called \r\nthe candidates. \r\n6. A candidate may withdraw his candidature at any time before noon on the day fixed for this \r\npurpose by delivering a notice in writing under his hand to the Presiding Officer with whom his \r\nnomination paper has been deposited, and a candidate who has given a notice of withdrawal of his \r\ncandidature under this paragraph shall not be allowed to cancel that notice. \r\n7. If all but one of the candidates have withdrawn, that one shall be declared by the Chief Election \r\nCommissioner to be elected. \r\n8. If there is no withdrawal, or if, after withdrawals have taken place, two or more candidates are \r\nleft, the Chief Election Commissioner shall announce by Public notification the names of the \r\ncandidates, and their proposers and seconders, and shall proceed to hold a poll by secret ballot in \r\naccordance with the provisions of the succeeding paragraphs. \r\n9. If a candidate whose nomination has been found to be in order dies after the time fixed for \r\nnomination, and a report of his death is received by the Presiding Officer before the commencement  \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n2Subs. and ins. by the Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012 (Act No. V of 2012), s. 10. \r\n \r\n Page 151 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nof the poll, the Presiding Officer shall, upon being satisfied of the fact of the death of the candidate, \r\ncountermand the poll and report the fact to the Chief Election Commissioner, and all proceedings with \r\nreference to the election shall be commenced a new in all respects as if for a new election: \r\nProvided that no further nomination shall be necessary in the  case of a candidate whose \r\nnomination was valid at the time of the countermanding of the poll: \r\nProvided further that no person who has under paragraph 6 of this Schedule given notice of \r\nwithdrawal of his candidature before the countermanding of the poll sh all be ineligible for being \r\nnominated as a candidate for the election after such countermanding. \r\n10. The poll shall be taken at the meetings of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and of each Provincial \r\nAssembly, and the respective Presiding Officers shall conduc t the poll with the assistance of such \r\nofficers as they may, with the approval of the Chief Election Commissioner, respectively appoint. \r\n11. A ballot paper shall be issued to every member of Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament), and of each \r\nProvincial Assembly, who presents himself for voting at the meeting of the members of the Majlis -e-\r\nShoora (Parliament) or, as the case may be of the Provincial Assembly of which he is a member \r\n(hereinafter referred to as a person voting), and he shall exercise his vote personall y by marking the \r\npaper in accordance with the provisions of the succeeding paragraphs. \r\n12. The poll shall be by secret ballot by means of ballot papers containing the names of all the \r\ncandidates in alphabetical order who have not withdrawn, and a person voting shall vote by placing a \r\nmark against the name of the person for whom he wishes to vote. \r\n13. Ballot papers shall be issued from a book of ballot papers with counterfoils, each counterfoil \r\nbeing numbered; and when a ballot paper is issued to a person voting his name shall be entered on the \r\ncounterfoil, and the ballot paper shall be authenticated by the initials of the Presiding Officer. \r\n14. A ballot paper having been marked by the person voting shall be deposited by that person in a \r\nballot box to be placed in front of the Presiding Officer. \r\n15. If a ballot paper is spoiled by a person voting he may return it to the Presiding Officer, who \r\nshall issue a second ballot paper, cancelling the first ballot paper and marking the cancellation on the \r\nappropriate counterfoil. \r\n16. A ballot paper shall be invalid if__ \r\n(i) there is upon it any name, word or mark, by which the person voting may be \r\nidentified; or \r\n(ii) it does not contain the initials of the Presiding Officer; or  \r\n(iii) it does not contain mark; or \r\n(iv) a mark is placed against the names of two or more candidates; or \r\n(v) there is any uncertainty as to the identity of the candidate against whose name \r\nthe mark is placed. \r\n17. After the close of the poll each Presiding Officer shall, in the presence of such of the candidates \r\nor their authorized representatives as may desire to be present, open and empty the ballot boxes and \r\n \r\n Page 152 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nexamine the ballot papers therein, rejecting any which are invalid, count the number of votes recorded \r\nfor each candidate on the valid ballot papers, and communicate the number of the votes so recorded to \r\nthe Chief Election Commissioner. \r\n18. (1) The Chief Election Commissioner shall determine the result of the election in the following \r\nmanner, namely:__ \r\n(a) the number of votes cast in the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) in favour of each \r\ncandidate shall be counted; \r\n(b) the number of votes cast in a Provincial Assembly in favour of each candidate \r\nshall be multiplied by the total number of seats in the Provincial Assembly for \r\nthe time being havi ng the smallest number of seats and divided by the total \r\nnumber of seats in the Provincial Assembly in which the votes have been cast; \r\nand \r\n(c) the number of votes calculated in the manner referred to in clause (b) shall be \r\nadded to the number of votes counted under clause (a). \r\nExplanation.__ In this paragraph, “total number of seats ” includes seats reserved for non -\r\nMuslims and women. \r\n(2) A fraction shall be rounded off to the nearest whole. \r\n19. The candidate who has obtained the largest number of votes compiled in the manner specified \r\nin paragraph 18 shall be declared by the Chief Election Commissioner to be elected. \r\n20. Where at any poll any two or more candidates obtain an equal number of votes, the selection \r\nof the candidate to be elected shall be by drawing of lots. \r\n21. When, after any poll, the counting of the votes has been completed, and the result of the voting \r\ndetermined, the Chief Election Commissioner shall forthwith announce the result to those present, and \r\nshall report the result to the Federal G overnment, who shall forthwith cause the result to be declared \r\nby a public notification. \r\n22. The 1[Election Commission of Pakistan] may, by public notification, with the approval of the \r\nPresident, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Schedule.] \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012 (Act No. V of 2012) s.10. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 153 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nTHIRD SCHEDULE \r\nOaths of Office \r\nPRESIDENT \r\n[Article 42] \r\n \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI,____________________________________________, do solemnly swear that I am a Muslim and believe in \r\nthe Unity and Oneness of Almighty Allah, the Books of Allah, the Holy Quran being the last of them, \r\nthe Prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the last  of the Prophets and that there can be \r\nno Prophet after him, the Day of Judgement, and all the requirements and teachings of the Holy Quran \r\nand Sunnah: \r\nThat I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: \r\nThat, as President of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, \r\nto the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of \r\nPakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well-being and \r\nprosperity of Pakistan: \r\n That I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official \r\ndecisions: \r\nThat I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: \r\nThat, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without \r\nfear or favour, affection or ill-will: \r\nAnd that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which \r\nshall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as President of Pakistan, except \r\nas may be required for the due discharge of my duties as President. \r\n1[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 154 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nPRIME MINISTER \r\n[Article 91 1[(5)]] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI, ____________________________________, do solemnly swear that I am a Muslim and \r\nbelieve in the Unity and Oneness of Almighty Allah, the Books of Allah, the Holy Quran being the \r\nlast of them, the Prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the last of th e Prophets and that \r\nthere can be no Prophet after him, the Day of Judgement, and all the requirements and teachings of the \r\nHoly Quran and Sunnah. \r\nThat I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: \r\nThat, as Prime Minister of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, \r\nhonestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic \r\nRepublic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of th e sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, \r\nwell-being and prosperity of Pakistan : \r\nThat I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct o r my official \r\ndecisions : \r\nThat I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: \r\nThat, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without \r\nfear or favour, affection or ill-will: \r\nAnd that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which \r\nshall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as Prime Minister, except as \r\nmay be required for the due discharge of my duties as Prime Minister. \r\n2[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 100. \r\n2Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n  \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 155 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nFEDERAL MINISTER OR MINISTER OF STATE \r\n[Article 92 (2)] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI, _____________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and \r\nallegiance to Pakistan: \r\nThat, as Federal Minister (or Minister of State); I will discharge my duties, and perform my \r\nfunctions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the \r\nIslamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the i nterest of the sovereignty, integrity, \r\nsolidarity, well-being and prosperity of Pakistan : \r\nThat I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will not allow my personal interest to influence my offic ial conduct or my official \r\ndecisions: \r\nThat I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: \r\nThat, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without \r\nfear or favour, affection or ill-will: \r\nAnd that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which \r\nshall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as Federal Minister (or Minister \r\nof State), except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as Federal Minister (or Minister \r\nof State), or as may be specially permitted by the Prime Minister. \r\n1[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n___________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 156 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nSPEAKER OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OR CHAIRMAN OF SENATE \r\n[Articles 53(2) and 61] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI, __________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance \r\nto Pakistan: \r\nThat, as Speaker of the National Assembly (or Chairman of the Senate) and whenever I am \r\ncalled upon to act as President of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions \r\nhonestly, to the best of my ability, faith fully, in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic \r\nRepublic of Pakistan, the law and as Speaker of the National Assembly in accordance with the rules \r\nof the Assembly (or as Chairman of the Senate in accordance with the rules of the Senate), and always \r\nin the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well-being and prosperity of Pakistan : \r\nThat I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official \r\ndecisions: \r\nThat I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: \r\nAnd that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without \r\nfear or favour, affection or ill-will. \r\n1[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n_________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n  \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 157 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nDEPUTY SPEAKER OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OR DEPUTY CHAIRMAN  \r\n[Articles 53 (2) and 61] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI, ______________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and \r\nallegiance to Pakistan: \r\nThat, whenever I am called upon to act as Speaker of the National Assembly (or Chairman of \r\nthe Senate), I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions honestly, to the best of my ability, \r\nfaithfully, in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the law and the \r\nrules of the Assembly (or Senate), and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, \r\nwell-being and prosperity of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official \r\ndecisions: \r\nThat I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: \r\nAnd that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without \r\nfear or favour, affection or ill-will. \r\n1[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n__________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n \r\n  \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 158 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nMEMBER OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OR MEMBER OF SENATE \r\n[Article 65] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI, ____________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and \r\nallegiance to Pakistan: \r\nThat, as a member of the National Assembly (or Senate), I will perform my functions honestly, \r\nto the best of my ability, faithfully, in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of \r\nPakistan, and the law, and the rules of the Assemb ly (or Senate), and always in the interest of the \r\nsovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well-being and prosperity of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: \r\nAnd that I will preserve, prot ect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of \r\nPakistan. \r\n1[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 159 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nGOVERNOR OF PROVINCE \r\n[Article 102] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI, ____________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and \r\nallegiance to Pakistan: \r\nThat, as the Governor of the Province of I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, \r\nhonestly, to the  best of my ability, faithfully  in accordance with the Constitution of th e Islamic \r\nRepublic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, \r\nwell-being and prosperity of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will not allow my personal interest to  influence my official conduct or my official \r\ndecisions: \r\nThat I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: \r\nThat, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without \r\nfear or favour, affection or ill-will : \r\nAnd that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which \r\nshall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as Governor of the Province of \r\n……………except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as Governor. \r\n 1[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n_________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 160 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nCHIEF MINISTER OR PROVINCIAL MINISTER \r\n[Articles 1[130 (5)] and 132 (2)] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI, _______________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to \r\nPakistan: \r\nThat, as a Chief Minister (or Minister) of the Government of the Province of  I will \r\ndischarge my duties  and perform my functions  honestly, to the  best of my ability, faithfully  in \r\naccordance with the Constitution of t he Islamic Republic of Pakistan  and the law, and always in the \r\ninterest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity well-being and prosperity of Pakistan : \r\nThat I will strive to preserve the Islamic ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will not allow my persona l interest to influence my official conduct or my official \r\ndecisions : \r\nThat I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan : \r\nThat, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, wi thout \r\nfear or favour, affection or ill-will : \r\nAnd that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which \r\nshall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as Chief Minister (or Minister) \r\nexcept as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as Chief Minister (or Minister or as may \r\nbe specially permitted by the Chief Minister). \r\n2[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n__________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 100. \r\n2Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n  \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 161 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nSPEAKER OF A PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLY \r\n[Articles 53(2) and 127] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI, __________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance \r\nto Pakistan: \r\n \r\nThat, as Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of the Province \r\nof……………………………………, 1[and whenever I am called upon to act as Governor, I will \r\ndischarge] my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the  best of my ability, faithfully  in \r\naccordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the law and the rules of the \r\nAssembly, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well-being and prosperity \r\nof Pakistan: \r\nThat I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official \r\ndecisions: \r\nThat I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: \r\nAnd that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without \r\nfear or favour, affection or ill-will. \r\n2[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n_________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 100. \r\n2Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 162 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nDEPUTY SPEAKER OF A PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLY \r\n[Articles 53 (2) and 127] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI, __________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance \r\nto Pakistan: \r\nThat, whenever I am called upon to act as Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of the Province \r\nof……………………….…, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the \r\nbest of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, \r\nthe law and the rules of the Assembly, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, \r\nwell-being and prosperity of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official \r\ndecisions: \r\nThat I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: \r\nAnd that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without \r\nfear or favour, affection or ill-will. \r\n1[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n_______ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 163 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nMEMBER OF A PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLY \r\n[Articles 65 and 127] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\n \r\nI, __________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance \r\nto Pakistan: \r\nThat, as a member of the Provincial  Assembly of… ……………………………….., I will \r\nperform my functions honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution \r\nof the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the law and the rules of the Assembly, and always in the interest \r\nof the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well-being and prosperity of Pakistan: \r\nThat I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: \r\nAnd that I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Isla mic Republic of \r\nPakistan. \r\n1[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n_________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n. \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 164 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nAUDITOR-GENERAL OF PAKISTAN \r\n[Article 168 (2)] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI, ___________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance \r\nto Pakistan: \r\nThat, as Auditor -General of Pakis tan, I will discharge my duties and perform my functions \r\nhonestly, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the \r\nlaw and to the best of my knowledge, ability and judgement, without fear or favour, affection or ill -\r\nwill, and that I will not allow my personal interest to influenc e my official conduct or my official \r\ndecisions. \r\n1[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n__________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 165 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF PAKISTAN OR CHIEF \r\nJUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN OR OF A HIGH COURT OR JUDGE OF \r\nTHE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OR OF THE SUPREME COURT OR OF A HIGH \r\nCOURT. \r\n[Articles 175D, 178 and 194]] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI, ___________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance \r\nto Pakistan: \r\nThat, as 1[Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan (or a Judge of the \r\nFederal Constitutional Court of Pakistan) or Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan (or a Judge \r\nof the Supreme Court of Pakistan) or Chief Justice (or a Judge) of the High Court for the Province or \r\nIslamabad Capital Territory or Provinces of……………………………..] I will discharge my duties, \r\nand perform my functions, hone stly, to the best of my ability and faithfully  in accordance with the \r\nConstitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law: \r\nThat I will abide by the code of conduct issued by the Supreme Judicial Council: \r\nThat I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official \r\ndecisions: \r\nThat I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: \r\nAnd that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without \r\nfear or favour, affection or ill-will. \r\n2[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n___________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 54. \r\n2Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 166 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[CHIEF JUSTICE OR JUDGE OF THE FEDERAL SHARIAT COURT \r\n“[Article 203C (7)] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\n \r\nI, __________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance \r\nto Pakistan: \r\nThat, as Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court (or a Judge of the Federal Shariat  Court), I \r\nwill discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, and faithfully, \r\nin accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law: \r\nThat I will not allow my personal interest to influence  my official conduct or my official \r\ndecisions: \r\nThat I will abide by the code of conduct issued by the Supreme Judicial Council: \r\nThat I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: \r\nAnd that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without \r\nfear or favour, affection or ill-will. \r\nMay Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n_________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 100. \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 167 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nCHIEF ELECTION COMMISSIONER 1[OR A MEMBER OF THE ELECTION COMMISSION \r\nOF PAKISTAN] \r\n[Article 214] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI, ________________________, do solemnly swear that as Chief Election Commissioner 1[or, \r\nas the case may be, member of the Election Commission of Pakistan] I will discharge my duties, and \r\nperform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution \r\nof the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the la w, and without fear or favour, affection or ill -will, and \r\nthat I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions. \r\n2[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n_________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Added & inserted by the Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012 (Act No. V of 2012), s.11. \r\n2Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 168 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nMEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES \r\n[Article 244] \r\n(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) \r\nI, ____________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and \r\nallegiance to Pakistan and uphold the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan which embodies \r\nthe will of the people, that I will not engage myself in any political activities whatsoever and that I will \r\nhonestly and faithfully serve Pakistan in the Pakistan Army (or Navy or Air Force) as required by and \r\nunder the law. \r\n1[May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A’meen).] \r\n \r\n \r\n__________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Added by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. \r\n\r\n \r\n Page 169 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\nFOURTH SCHEDULE \r\n[Article 70 (4)] \r\nLEGISLATIVE LISTS \r\nFEDERAL LEGISLATIVE LIST \r\nPART I \r\n \r\n1. The defence of the Federation or any part thereof in peace or war; the military, naval and air \r\nforces of the Federation and any other armed forces raised or maintained by the Federation ; any armed \r\nforces which are not forces of the Federation but are attached to or operating with any of the Armed \r\nForces of the Federation including civil armed f orces; Federal Intelligence Bureau; preventive \r\ndetention for reasons of State connected with defence, external affairs, or the security of Pakistan or \r\nany part thereof ; person s subjected to such detention; industries declared by Federal law to be \r\nnecessary for the purpose of defence or for the prosecution of war. \r\n2. Military, naval and air force works; local self -government in cantonment areas, 1[local taxes, \r\nfees, cess, charges, tolls in such areas,] the constitution and powers within such areas of cantonment \r\nauthorities, the regulation of house accommodation in such areas, and the delimitation of such areas. \r\n3. External affairs; the implementing of treaties and agreements, including educational and \r\ncultural pacts and agreements, with other countries; extradition, including the surrender of criminals \r\nand accused persons to Governments outside Pakistan. \r\n4. Nationality, citizenship and naturalisation. \r\n5. Migration from or into, or settlement in, a Province or the Federal Capital. \r\n6. Admission into, and emigration and expulsion from, Pakistan, including in relation thereto the \r\nregulation of the movements in Pakistan of pe rsons not domiciled in Pakistan;  pilgrimages to places \r\nbeyond Pakistan. \r\n7. Posts and telegraphs, including telephones, wireless, broadcasting and other like forms of \r\ncommunications; Post Office Saving Bank. \r\n8. Currency, coinage and legal tender. \r\n9. Foreign exchange; cheques, bills of exchange, promissory notes and other like instruments. \r\n10. Public debt of the Federation, including the borrowing of money on the security of the Federal \r\nConsolidated Fund ; foreign loans and foreign aid. \r\n11. Federal Public Services and Federal Public Service Commission. \r\n12. Federal pe nsions, that is to say, pensions payable by the Federation or out of the Federal \r\nConsolidated Fund. \r\n13. Federal Ombudsman. \r\n14. Administrative Courts and Tribunals for Federal subjects. \r\n \r\n1Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. XXVI of 2024), s. 27. \r\n \r\n Page 170 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n15. Libraries, museums, and similar institutions controlled or financed by the Federation. \r\n16. Federal agencies and institutes for the following purposes, that is to say, for research, for \r\nprofessional or technical training, or for the promotion of special studies. \r\n17. Education as respects Pakistani students in foreign countries and foreign students in Pakistan. \r\n18. Nuclear energy, including__ \r\n(a) mineral resources necessary for the generation of nuclear energy; \r\n(b) the production of nuclear fuels and the generation and use of nuclear energy;  \r\nand \r\n(c) ionizing radiations 1[; and] \r\n1[(d) boilers.] \r\n19. Port quarantine, seamen’s and marine hospitals and hospitals connected with port quarantine. \r\n20. Maritime shipping and navigation, including shipping and navigation on tidal waters; \r\nAdmiralty jurisdiction. \r\n1[21. * * * * * * *] \r\n22. Aircraft and air navigation; the provision of aerodromes; regulation and organisation of air \r\ntraffic and of aerodromes. \r\n23. Lighthouses, including lightships, beacons and other provisions for the safety of shipping and \r\naircraft. \r\n24. Carriage of passengers and goods by sea or by air. \r\n25. Copyright, inventions, designs, trade-marks and merchandise marks. \r\n26. Opium so far as regards sale for export. \r\n27. Import and export across customs frontiers as defined by the Federal Government, inter -\r\nprovincial trade and commerce, trade and commerce with foreign countries; standard of quality of \r\ngoods to be exported out of Pakistan. \r\n28. State Bank of Pakistan; banking, that is to say, the conduct of banking business by corporations \r\nother than corporations owned or controlled by a Province and carrying on business only within that \r\nProvince. \r\n29. The law of insurance, except as respects insurance undertaken by a Province, and the regulation \r\nof the conduct of insurance business, except as respects business undertaken by a Province; \r\nGovernment insurance, except so far as undertaken by a Province by virtue of any matter within the \r\nlegislative competence of the Provincial Assembly. \r\n \r\n1Subs., added and omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 101. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 171 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n30. Stock exchanges and futures markets with objects and business not confined to one Province. \r\n31. Corporations, that is to say, the incorporation, regulation and winding -up of trading \r\ncorporations, including banking, insurance and financial corporations, but not including corporations \r\nowned or controlled by a Province and carrying on business only within that Province, or cooperative \r\nsocieties, and of corporations, whether trading or not, with objects not confined to a Province, but not \r\nincluding universities. \r\n1[32. International treaties, conventions and agreements and International arbitration.] \r\n1[33. * * *          * * * *] \r\n34. National highways and strategic roads. \r\n35. Federal surveys including geological surveys and Federal meteorological organisations. \r\n36. Fishing and fisheries beyond territorial waters. \r\n37. Works, lands and buildings vested in, or in the possession of Government for the purposes of \r\nthe Federation (not being military, naval or air force works), but, as regards property situate in a \r\nProvince, subject always to Provincial legislation, save in so far as Federal law otherwise provides. \r\n1[38. * * * * * * *] \r\n39.     Establishment of standards of weights and measures. \r\n1[40. * * * * * * *] \r\n41. Elections to the office of President, to the National Assembly, the Senate and the Provincial \r\nAssemblies; Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissions. \r\n42. The salaries, allowances and privileges of the President, Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the \r\nNational Assembly, Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Senate, Prime Minister, Federal Ministers, \r\nMinisters of State, the salaries, allowances and privileges of the members  of the Senate and the \r\nNational Assembly; and the punishment of persons who refuse to give evidence or produce documents \r\nbefore committees thereof. \r\n43. Duties of customs, including export duties. \r\n44. Duties of excise, including duties on salt, but not including duties on alcoholic liquors, opium \r\nand other narcotics. \r\n1[45. * * * * * * *] \r\n1[46. * * * * * * *] \r\n47. Taxes on income other than agricultural income. \r\n48. Taxes on corporations. \r\n \r\n1Subs. and omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 101. \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 172 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[49. Taxes on the sales and purchases of goods imported, exported, produced, manufactured or \r\nconsumed 2[, except sales tax on services.]] \r\n50. Taxes on the capital value of the assets, not including taxes 2[* * *] on immovable property. \r\n51. Taxes on mineral oil, natural gas and minerals for use in generation of nuclear energy. \r\n52. Taxes and duties on the production capacity of any plant, machinery, undertaking, \r\nestablishment or installation in lieu of the taxes and duties specified in entries 44, 47, 48 and 49 or in \r\nlieu of any one or more of them. \r\n53. Terminal taxes on goods or passengers carried by railway, sea or air; taxes on their fares and \r\nfreights. \r\n54. Fees in respect of any of the matters in this Part, but not including fees taken in any court. \r\n55. Jurisdiction and p owers of all courts, except the 3[Federal Constitutional Court and the \r\nSupreme Court], with respect to any of the matters in this List and, to such extent as is expressly \r\nauthorised by or under th e Constitution, the enlargement of the jurisdiction of the 3[Federal \r\nConstitutional Court and the Supreme Court], and the conferring thereon of supplemental powers. \r\n56. Offences against laws with respect to any of the matters in this Part. \r\n57. Inquiries and statistics for the purposes of any of the matters in this Part. \r\n58. Matters which under the Constitution are within the legislative competence of 4[Majlis-e-\r\nShoora (Parliament)] or relate to the Federation. \r\n59. Matters incidental or ancillary to any matter enumerate in this Part. \r\n________ \r\nPART II \r\n1. Railways. \r\n2. Mineral oil and natural gas; liquids and substances declared by Federal law to be dangerously \r\ninflammable. \r\n3. Development of industries, where development under Federal control is declared by Federal \r\nlaw to be expedient in the public interest; institutions, establishments, bodies and corporations \r\nadministered or managed by the Federal Government immediately before the Commencing  day, \r\nincluding the 1[Pakistan Water and Power Development Authorit y and the Pakistan Industrial \r\nDevelopment Corporation]; all undertakings, projects and schemes of such institutions, \r\nestablishments, bodies and corporations, industries, projects and undertakings owned wholly or \r\npartially by the Federation or by a corporation set up by the Federation. \r\n \r\n \r\n1Subs. by the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Act No. LXII of 1976), s. 19. (w. e. f. the 13th September,1976). \r\n2Added and omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act. 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 101. \r\n3Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 55. \r\n4Subs. by the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.  \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 173 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n1[4. Electricity. \r\n5. Major ports, that is to say, the declaration and delimitation of such ports, and the constitution \r\nand powers of port authorities therein. \r\n6. All regulatory authorities established under a Federal law. \r\n7. National planning and national economic coordination including planning and coordination of \r\nscientific and technological research. \r\n8. Supervision and management of public debt. \r\n9. Census. \r\n10. Extension of the powers and jurisdiction of members of a police force belonging to any \r\nProvince to any area in another Province, but not so as to enable the police of one Province to \r\nexercise powers and jurisdiction in another province without the consent of the Government of \r\nthat Province; extension of the powers and jurisdiction of members of a police force belonging \r\nto any Province to railway areas outside that Province. \r\n11. Legal, medical and other professions. \r\n12. Standards in institutions for higher education and research, scientific and technical institutions. \r\n13. Inter-provincial matters and co-ordination.] \r\n1[14.]  Council of Common Interests. \r\n1[15.]  Fees in respect of any of the matters in this Part but not including fees taken in any court. \r\n1[16.]  Offences against laws with respect to any of the matters in this Part. \r\n1[17.]  Inquiries and statistics for the purposes of any of the matters in this Part. \r\n1[18.]  Matters incidental or ancillary to any matter enumerated in this Part. \r\n1-47. 2[* * * * * * *] \r\n \r\n________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n1Re-numebred and ins. by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 101. \r\n2Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 101. \r\n  \r\n \r\n Page 174 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n*FIFTH SCHEDULE \r\n[Article 205] \r\nREMUNERATION AND TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SERVICE OF JUDGES \r\n1[THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT AND THE SUPREME COURT] \r\n1. There shall be paid to the Chief Justice of 1[the Federal Constitutional Court and the Chief \r\nJustice of the Supreme Court]  a salary of Rs. 2[9,900] per mensem, and to every other Judge of the \r\nSupreme Court a salary of Rs. 2[9,500] per mensem 2[, or such higher salary as the P resident may, \r\nfrom time to time, determine.] \r\n2. Every Judge of the 1[Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court] shall be entitled to \r\nsuch privileges and allowances, and to such rights in respect of leave of absence and pension, as may \r\nbe determined by the President, and until so determined, to the privileges, allowances and rights to \r\nwhich, immediately before the commencing day, the Judges of the 1[Federal Constitutional Court and \r\nthe Supreme Court] 1[**] were entitled. \r\n2[3. The pension payable to a retired Judge of the 1[Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme \r\nCourt] per mensem shall not be less or more than the amount specified in the table below, depending \r\non the length of his service as Judge in that Court or a High Court: \r\nProvided that the President may, from time to time, raise the minimum or maximum amount \r\nof pension so specified: __ \r\n \r\nJudge Minimum Amount Maximum                            Amount \r\nChief Justice Rs. 7,000 Rs. 8,000 \r\nOther Judge Rs. 6,250 Rs. 7,125.] \r\n3[4. The widow of a Judge of the 1[Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court] shall be \r\nentitled to a pension at the following rates, namely :__ \r\n(a) if the Judge dies after retirement–50 per cent of the net pension payable to him; \r\nor \r\n(b) if the Judge dies after having rendered not less than three years’ service as Judge \r\nand while still serving as such –50 per cent of the pension admissible to him at \r\nthe minimum rate. \r\n5. The pension shall be payable to the widow for life or, if she remarries, until her marriage. \r\n \r\n*w. e. f. 1-12-2001, the salary of the Chief Justice of Pakistan and other Judges of the Supreme Court has been determined by the President to be Rs. \r\n55,000 and Rs. 52,000 respectively vide P.O. No. 2 of 2002, paragraph 2 (1), which was previously amended by P.O. No. 9 of 1991, P.O. No. 3 of 1995 \r\nand P.O. No. 4 of 1995.  \r\n(w. e. f. 27-7-1991, vide P. O. No. 2 of 1997) the Chief Justice and a Judge of the Supreme Court on his retirement or resignation shall be entitled to the \r\nminimum amount of pension equal to 70% to the Chief Justice of his salary or as the case may be, a Judge plus 5% of salary for each completed year of \r\nservice either as the Chief Justice or as the Judge not exceeding the maximum amount of pension equal to 85% of the said salary. \r\n1Subs. and omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXXII of 2025), s. 56. \r\n2Subs. and added by the Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act., 1991 (Act No. XIV of 1991), s. 3. \r\n3Added by the Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 6 of 1985), Art.2, (w. e. f. the 1st July, 1981). \r\n \r\n Page 175 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n6. If the widow dies, the pension shall be payable__ \r\n(a) to the sons of the J udge who are less than twenty -one years of age, until they \r\nattain that age; and \r\n(b) to the unmarried daughters of th e Judge who are less than twenty-one years of \r\nage, until they attain that age or are married, whichever first occurs.] \r\nTHE HIGH COURT \r\n1. *There shall be paid to the Chief Justice of a High Court  a salary of Rs. 1[9,400] per mensem, \r\nand to every other Judge of a High Court a salary of Rs. 1[8,400] per mensem 1[, or such higher salary \r\nas the President may, from time to time, determine.] \r\n2. Every Judge of a High Court shall be entitled to such privi leges and allowances, and to such \r\nrights in respect of leave of absence and pension, as may be determined by the President, and until so \r\ndetermined, to the privileges, allowances and rights to which, immediately before the commencing \r\nday, the Judges of the High Court were entitled. \r\n1[3. The pension payable per mensem to a Judge of a High Court who retires after having put in not \r\nless than five years service  as such Judge shall not be less or more than the amount specified in the \r\ntable below, depending on the length of his service as Judge and total service, if any, in the service of \r\nPakistan: \r\n \r\nProvided that the President may, from time to time, raise the minimum or maximum amount of \r\npension so specified:__ \r\n \r\nJudge Minimum amount Maximum amount \r\nChief Justice Rs. 5,640 Rs. 7,050 \r\nOther Judge Rs. 5,040 Rs. 6,300.] \r\n2[4. The widow of a Judge of the High Court shall be entitled to a pension at the following rates, \r\nnamely :__ \r\n(a) if the Judge dies after retirement__50 per cent of the net pension payable to him; \r\nor \r\n(b) if the Judge dies after having rendered not less than five years’ service as Judge \r\nand while still serving as such –50 per cent of the pension admissible to him at \r\nthe minimum rate. \r\n5. The pension shall be payable to the widow for life or, if she remarries, until her marriage. \r\n \r\n*w. e. f. 1-12-2001, the salary of the Chief Justice of High Court and other Judges of a High Court has been determined by the President to be Rs. 51,000 \r\nand Rs. 49.000 respectively vide P. O. No. 2 of 2002, paragraph 2 (2), which was previously amended by P.O. No. 9 of 1991, P. O. No. 3 of 1995 and P. \r\nO. No. 4 of 1995.  \r\nw. e. f. 27-7-1991, vide P. O. No. 3 of 1997) the Chief Justice and a Judge of the High Court on his retirement or resignation or removal shall be entitled \r\nto the minimum pension equal to 70% of the salary on the completion of 5 years service for pension as Judge and an extra pension @ 2% of such salary \r\nfor each subsequent completed year of service as Chief Justice or the Judge including his service if any the maximum pension not exceeding 80% of the \r\nsalary. \r\n1Subs. and added by the Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (Act No. XIV of 1991). s. 3. \r\n2Added by the Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1985 (P.O. No. 6 of 1985), Art.2, (w. e. f. the 1st July, 1981). \r\n \r\n \r\n Page 176 of 176   \r\n \r\n \r\n6. If the widow dies, the pension shall be payable__ \r\n(a) to the sons of the Judge who are less than twenty -one years of age, until they \r\nattain that age; and \r\n(b) to the unmarried daughters of the Judge who are less than twenty -one years of \r\nage, until they attain that age or are married, whichever first occurs.] \r\nSixth Schedule  1[* * * * * * *]     \r\nSeventh Schedule  1[* * * * * * *]    \r\n \r\n \r\n_________ \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\nRGN Date: 14-11-2025 \r\n1Omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (Act No. X of 2010), s. 102.",
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