{
  "schema_version": "qanun-law-text/1",
  "id": "pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e",
  "title": "Federal Universities Ordinance, 2002",
  "source_collection": "Federal",
  "content_kind": "stored_law_text",
  "content_extent": null,
  "source_url": "https://pakistancode.gov.pk/alpha/UY2FqaJw1-apaUY2Fqa-apaUY2Jvb5c%3D-sg-jjjjjjjjjjjjj",
  "version": null,
  "source_snapshot": null,
  "legal_status": "not independently verified",
  "text_quality": "Complete stored UTF-8 TXT file recovered byte-for-byte from owned Drive. Source transcription retained verbatim; legal completeness, OCR accuracy and current consolidation unverified.",
  "text_sha256": "2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9",
  "source_sha256": "2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9",
  "text_version_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9",
  "quality_flags": [],
  "encoding": "UTF-8",
  "text": "THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES ORDINANCE, 2002 \r\nORDINANCE CXX OF 2002 \r\n[13th November, 2002] \r\nAn Ordinance to constitute and restructure Universities set up by the Federal Government \r\nWHEREAS it is expedient to provide for the constitution and the restructuring of universities \r\nset up by the Federal Government in order to provide autonomy while improving governance and \r\nmanagement so as to enhance the quality of higher education in the country; \r\nAND WHEREAS the President is satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary to \r\ntake immediate action; \r\nNOW, THEREFORE,  in pursuance of Proclamation of Emergency of the fourteenth day of \r\nOctober, 1999, and the Provisional Constitution Order No. I of 1999, read with the Provisional \r\nConstitution (Amendment) Order No. 9  of 1999, and in exercise of all powers enabling him in that \r\nbehalf, the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is pleased to make and promul gate the \r\nfollowingOrdinance:__ \r\n________________________ \r\nCHAPTER I \r\nPRELIMINARY \r\n1. Short title, application and commencement :__( 1) This Ordinance may be called the \r\nFederal Universities Ordinance, 2002. \r\n(2) The provisions of this Ordinance shall come into force with respect to the universities \r\nlisted in the Schedule to the Ordinance on s uch dates as gay be specified by the Government through \r\nnotifications in the official Gazette as the dates of repeal of the Act or Ordinance or other legislative \r\ninstrument constituting each of the universities specified in the Schedule. \r\n(3) The Government may though notification in the official. Gazette make additions to the \r\nlist of universities placed in the Schedule. \r\n(4) This Ordinance shall apply to all universities set up by the Government after the \r\npromulgation date hereof through a notification in the official Gazette in terms of this Ordinance. \r\n2. Definitions.___In this Ordinance unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or \r\ncontext,--- \r\n(a) “Academic Council” means the Academic Council of the University; \r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n(b) “affiliated college” means an educational institution affiliated to the University \r\nbut not maintained or administered by it; \r\n(c)  “Authority” means any of the Authorities of the University specified or set up \r\nin terms of section 15; \r\n(d) “Chancellor” means the Chancellor of the University; \r\n(e)  “college” means a constituent college or an affiliated college; \r\n(f)  “Commission” means the Higher Education Commission set up by the Higher \r\nEducation Commission Ordinance, 2002 (LIII of 2002); \r\n(g) “constituent college” means an  educational institution, by whatever name \r\ndescribed, maintained and administered by the University; \r\n(h)  “Dean” means the head of a Faculty or the head of an academic body granted \r\nthe status of a Faculty by this Ordinance or by the Statutes or Regulations; \r\n(i)  “department” means a teaching department maintained and administered, or \r\nrecognized by the University in the manner prescribed; \r\n(j)  “Director” means the head of an institute established as a constituent institution \r\nby the University by Statutes or Regulations in terms of the powers delegated \r\nby this Ordinance; \r\n(k)  “Faculty” means an administrative and academic unit of the University \r\nconsisting of one or more departments, as prescribed; \r\n(l)  “Government” means the Federal Government; \r\n(m) “prescribed” means prescribed by Statutes, Regulations or Rules and made \r\nunder the Ordinance; \r\n(n)  “Principal” means the head of a College; \r\n(o)  “Representation Committees” means the Representation Committees \r\nconstituted under section 23; \r\n(p) “Review Panel” means the Review Panel set up by the Chancellor in accordance \r\nwith the provisions of section 8; \r\n(q)  “Schedule” means a Schedule to the Ordinance; \r\n(r)  “Search Committee” means the Search Committee set up by the Senate under \r\nsection 11; \r\n(s)  “Senate” means the Senate of the University; \r\n \r\n \r\n(t)  “Statutes”, “Regulations” and “Rules” mean respectively the Statutes, the \r\nRegulations and the Rules made under this Ordinance and for the time being in \r\nforce; \r\n(u)  “Syndicate” means the Syndicate of the University; \r\n(v)  “teachers” include Professors, Associate Professors, Assistant Professors and \r\nLecturers engaged whole-time by the University or by a constituent or affiliated \r\ncollege and such other persons as may be declared to be teachers by \r\nRegulations; \r\n(w)  “University” means a ny of the degree -awarding institutions listed in the \r\nSchedule to which this Ordinance has been made applicable through notification \r\nin the official Gazette or any degree-awarding institution set up by the Federal, \r\nGovernment after the promulgation date hereof; \r\n(x) “University Teacher” means a whole -time teacher appointed and paid by the \r\nUniversity, or recognized by the University as such; and \r\n(y)  “Vice-Chancellor” means the Vice-Chancellor of the University. \r\n_______________ \r\nCHAPTER II \r\nTHE UNIVERSITY \r\n3. Incorporation.___(1) The universities listed in ,the Schedule shall, from the dates of \r\npublication in the official Gazette of notifications in this, behalf, stand reconstituted in accordance with \r\nthe provisions of the Ordinance. \r\n(2) The Government “may set up such universities as are considered ‘appropriate through \r\nnotification in the official Gazette and the provisions of the Ordinance shall apply to each University \r\nset up after the promulgation date hereof. \r\n(3) The University shall consist of the following, namely:--- \r\n(a)  the Chancellor, the members of the . Senate and the Vice-Chancellor; \r\n(b)  the members of the authorities of the University established under section 15; \r\n(c)  all University teachers and persons recognized as students of the University in \r\naccordance with terms prescribed from to time; and \r\n(d)  all other full-time officers and members of the staff of the University. \r\n \r\n \r\n(4) The University shall be a body corporate by such name as may be notified and shall \r\nhave perpetual succession and a common seal, and may sue and be sued by the said name:--- \r\nProvided that universities set up prior to the commencement date shall continue to be described \r\nby the existing names unless changed in accordance with any law for the time being in force. \r\n(5) The University shall be competent to acquire and hold property, both movable and \r\nimmovable, and to lease, sell or otherwise transfer any movable and immovable property which may \r\nhave become vested in or been acquired by it. \r\n(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, the \r\nUniversity shall have academic, financial and administrative autonomy, including the power to employ \r\nofficers, teachers and other employees on such terms as may be prescribed, subject to the terms of this \r\nOrdinance and the Higher Education Commission Ordinance, 2002 (LIII of 2002). In particular, and \r\nwithout prejudice to the authority granted to the Commission by the law, the Government  or an \r\nauthority or auditor appointed by the Government shall have no power to question the policy \r\nunderlying the allocation of resources approved by the Senate in the annual budget of the University. \r\n(7) All properties, rights and interests of whatever ki nd, used, enjoyed, possessed, owned \r\nor vested in, or held in trust by or for any of the universities listed in the Schedule and liabilities legally \r\nsubsisting against such universities shall pass to the University reconstituted under the Ordinance. \r\n4. Powers and Purposes of the University. ___The University shall have the following \r\npowers, namely:___ \r\n(i) to provide for education and scholarship in such branches of knowledge as it \r\nmay deem fit, and to make provision for research, service to society and for the \r\napplication, advancement and dissemination of knowledge in such manner as it \r\nmay determine; \r\n(ii) to prescribe courses of studies to be conducted by it and the colleges; \r\n(iii) to hold examinations and to award and confer degrees, diplomas, certificates \r\nand other academic distinctions to and on persons who have been admitted to \r\nand have passed its examinations under prescribed conditions; \r\n(iv) to prescribe the terms and conditions of employment of the officers, teachers \r\nand other employees of the University  and to lay down terms and conditions \r\nthat may be different from those applicable to government servants in general; \r\n(v) to engage, where necessary, persons on contracts of specified duration and to \r\nspecify the terms of each engagement; \r\n(vi) to confer hono rary degrees or other distinctions on approved persons in the \r\nmanner prescribed; \r\n \r\n \r\n(vii) to provide for such instruction for persons not being students of the University \r\nas it may prescribe, and to grant certificates and diplomas to such persons; \r\n(viii) to institute programmes for the exchange of students and teachers between the \r\nUniversity and other universities, educational institutions and research \r\norganisations, inside as well as outside Pakistan; \r\n(ix) to provide career counselling and job search services to students and alumni; \r\n(x) to maintain linkages with alumni; \r\n(xi) to develop and implement fund-raising plans; \r\n(xii)  to provide and support the academic development of the faculty of the \r\nUniversity; \r\n(xiii) to confer degrees on persons who have carried o n independent research under \r\nprescribed conditions; \r\n(xiv) to affiliate and disaffiliate educational institutions under prescribed conditions; \r\n(xv) to inspect colleges and other educational institutions affiliated or seeking \r\naffiliation with it; \r\n(xvi) to accept the examinations passed and the period of study spent by students of \r\nthe University at other universities and places of learning equivalent to such \r\nexaminations and periods of study in the University, as it may prescribe, and to \r\nwithdraw such acceptance; \r\n(xvii) to co-operate with other Universities, public authorities or private organisations, \r\ninside as well as outside Pakistan, in such- manner . and for such purposes as it \r\nmay prescribe; \r\n(xviii) to institute Professorships, Associate Professorships,  Assistant Professorships \r\nand Lectureships and any other posts and to appoint persons thereto; \r\n(xix)  to create posts for research, extension, administration and other related purposes \r\nand to appoint persons thereto; \r\n(xx) to recognize selected members of t he teaching staff of affiliated colleges or \r\neducational institutions admitted to the privileges of the University or such other \r\npersons as it may deem fit, as University teachers; \r\n(xxi) to institute and award financial assistance to students in need, fello wships, \r\nscholarships, bursaries, medals and prizes under prescribed conditions; \r\n \r\n \r\n(xxii) to establish teaching departments, schools, colleges, faculties, institutes, \r\nMuseums and other centres of learning for the development of teaching and \r\nresearch and to ma ke such arrangements for their maintenance, management \r\nand administration as it may prescribe; \r\n(xxiii) to provide for the residence of the students of the University and the colleges, \r\nto institute and maintain halls of residence and to approve or license hostels and \r\nlodging; \r\n(xxiv)  to maintain order, discipline and security on the campuses of the University and \r\nthe colleges; \r\n(xvi) to promote the extra curricular and recreational activities of such students, and \r\nto make arrangements for promoting their health and general welfare; \r\n(xxvi) to demand and receive such fees and other charges as it may determine; \r\n(xxvii) to make provision for research, advisory or consultancy services and with these \r\nobjects to enter into arrangements with other institutions, public  or private \r\nbodies, commercial and industrial enterprises under prescribed conditions; \r\n(xxviii)to enter into, carry out, vary or cancel contracts; \r\n(xxix) to receive and manage property transferred and grants, contributions made to \r\nthe University and to inv est any fund representing such property, grants, \r\nbequests, trusts, gifts, donations, endowments or contributions in such manner \r\nas it may deem fit; \r\n(xxx) to provide for the printing and publication of research and other works; and \r\n(xxxi) to do all such other acts and things, whether incidental to the powers aforesaid \r\nor not, as may be requisite or expedient in order to further the objectives of the \r\nUniversity as a place of education, learning, and research. \r\n5. University open to all classes, creeds, etc.___(1) Except where the University has been \r\ndeclared by notification in the official Gazette to be open only to persons of a specified gender, the \r\nUniversity shall be open to all persons of either gender and of whatever religion, race, creed, class, \r\ncolour or domicile and no person shall be denied the privileges of the University on the grounds of \r\nreligion, race, caste, creed, class, colour or domicile. \r\n(2) An increase in any fee or charge that is in excess of ten percent per annum on an \r\nannualised basis from the last such increase may not be made except in special circumstances, and \r\nonly with the approval of the Chancellor. \r\n(3) The University shall institute financial aid programmes for students in need, to the \r\nextent considered feasible by the Sen ate given the resources available, so as to enable admission and \r\n \r\n \r\naccess to the University and the various opportunities provided by it to be based on merit rather than \r\nability to pay:--- \r\nProvided that the University may institute self-finance schemes covering more than ten percent \r\nof the total number of candidates in any campus taught course or research-based programme of study. \r\n6. T eaching at the University.  ___(1) All recognized teaching in various courses shall be \r\nconducted by the University or the colleges in the prescribed manner and may include lectures, \r\ntutorials, discussions, seminars demonstrations distance learning and other methods of instruction as \r\nwell as practical work in the laboratories hospitals workshops and other governmental or priva te \r\norganizations. \r\n(2) The authority responsible for organizing recognized teaching shall be such as may be \r\nprescribed. \r\n_________________ \r\nCHAPTER III \r\nOFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY \r\n7. Principal Officers. ___The following shall be the principal office rs of the University, \r\nnamely:___ \r\n(a)  the Chancellor; \r\n(b)  the Vice-chancellor; \r\n(c)  the Deans; \r\n(d)  tile Principals of the constituent colleges; \r\n(e)  the Chairpersons of the teaching departments; \r\n(f)  the Registrar; \r\n(g)  the Treasurer; \r\n(h)  the Controller of Examinations; and \r\n(i)  such other persons as may be prescribed by the Statutes or Regulations \r\nto be the principal officers of tile University. \r\n8. Chancellor: ___(1) The President of Pakistan shall be the Chancellor of the University \r\nand the Chairperson of the Senate,___ \r\nProvided that the notification setting up a university in terms of the Ordinance or repealing the \r\nAct, Ordinance or other legislative instrument constituting a university listed in the Schedule may \r\nprovide for any person other than the President of Pakistan to be the Chancellor of the University. \r\n \r\n \r\n(2) The Chancellor shall, when present, preside at the meetings of the Senate and the \r\nConvocation of the University. In the absence of the Chancellor the Senate may request a person of \r\neminence to preside over the Convocation of the University. \r\n(3) The members of the Senate as well as the Vice -Chancellor shall be appointed by the \r\nChancellor from amongst the persons recommended by the Representation Committee set up for this \r\npurpose or the Search Committee e stablished in accordance with the Ordinance and the Statutes, as \r\nthe case may be, along with those elected. \r\n(4) Every proposal to confer an honorary degree shall be subject to confirmation by the \r\nChancellor. \r\n(5) If the Chancellor is satisfied that serious irregularity or mismanagement with respect to \r\nthe affairs of the University has occurred, he may,--- \r\n(a) as regards proceedings of the Senate, direct that specified proceedings be \r\nreconsidered and appropriate action taken within one month of the direction \r\nhaving been issued:--- \r\nProvided that if the Chancellor is satisfied that either no reconsideration has been \r\ncarried out or that the reconsideration has failed to address the concern \r\nexpressed he may, after calling upon the Senate to show cause in writing, \r\nappoint a five member Review Panel to examine and report to the Chancellor \r\non the functioning of the Senate. The report of the Review Panel shall be \r\nsubmitted within such time as may be prescribed by the Chancellor. The Review \r\nParcel shall be drawn from persons of eminence in academics and in the fields \r\nof law, accountancy and administration, and \r\n(b) as regards proceedings of any Authority or with respect to matters .within the \r\ncompetence of any Authority other than the Senate, direct the Senate to exercise \r\npowers under section 19. \r\n9. Removal from the Senate.  ___(1) The Chancellor may, upon the recommendation of \r\nthe Review Panel, remove any person from the membership of the Senate on  the ground that such \r\nperson:___ \r\n(a)  has become of unsound mind; or \r\n(b)  has become incapacitated to function as member of the Senate; or \r\n(c)  has been convicted by a court of law for an offence involving moral turpitude; \r\nor \r\n(d)  has absented himself from two consecutive meetings without just cause or \r\n(e)  has been guilty of ‘m isconduct, including use of position for personal \r\nadvantage, of any kind, or gross inefficiency in the performance of functions. \r\n(2) The Chancellor shall remove any person from the membership of the Senate on a \r\nresolution calling for the removal of such person supported by at least three-fourths of the membership \r\nof the Senate:___ \r\n \r\n \r\nProvided that before passing such resolution the Senate shall provide the member concerned a \r\nfair hearing:___ \r\nProvided further that the provisions of this section shall not be app licable to the Vice -\r\nChancellor in his capacity as a member of the Senate. \r\n10. Vice-Chancellor. ___(1) There shall be a Vice-Chancellor of the University who shall be an \r\neminent academic or a distinguished administrator and shall be appointed on such terms and conditions \r\nas may be prescribed. \r\n(2) The Vice-Chancellor shall be the chief executive officer of the University responsible \r\nfor all administrative and academic functions of the University and for ensuring that the provisions of \r\nthe Ordinance, Statutes. Regulations arid Rules are faithfully observed in order to promote the general \r\nefficiency and good order of the University. The Vice-Chancellor shall have all powers prescribed for \r\nthis purpose, including administrative control over the officers, teachers  and other employees of the \r\nUniversity. \r\n(3) The Vice -Chancellor shall, if present, be entitled to attend any meeting of any. \r\nAuthority or body of the University. \r\n(4) The Vice -Chancellor may, in an emergency that in his opinion requires immediate \r\naction ordinarily not in the competence of the Vice -Chancellor, take such action and forward, within \r\nseventy-two hours, a report of the action taken to the members of the Emergency Committee of the \r\nSenate, to be set up by Statute. The Emergency .Committee may direct  such further action as is \r\nconsidered appropriate. \r\n(5) The Vice-Chancellor shall also have the following powers, namely:___ \r\n(a) to direct teachers, officers and other employees of the University to take up such \r\nassignments in connection with examination ad ministration and such other \r\nactivities in the University as he may consider necessary for the purposes of the \r\nUniversity; \r\n(b) to sanction by re-appropriation an amount not exceeding an amount prescribed \r\nby the Senate for vi unforeseen item not provided for in the budget and report it \r\nto the Senate at the next meeting; \r\n(c) to make appointments of such categories of employees of the University and in \r\nsuch mariner as ‘may be prescribed by the Statutes; \r\n(d) to suspend, punish and remove, in accordance with prescribed procedure, from \r\nservice officers, teachers and other employees of the University except those \r\nappointed by or with the approval of tile Senate; \r\n(e) to delegate, subject to such conditions as may be prescribed, any of his powers-\r\nunder this Ordinance to an officer or officers of the University; and \r\n(f) to exercise and perform such other powers and functions as may be prescribed. \r\n(3) The Vice-Chancellor shall preside at the convocation of the University in the absence \r\nof the Chancellor. \r\n \r\n \r\n(4) The Vice -Chancellor shall present an annual report before the Senate within three \r\nmonths of the close of tile academic year. The annual report shall present such information as regards \r\nthe academic year under review as may be prescribed, including disclosure of all re levant facts \r\npertaining to,___ \r\n(a) academics; \r\n(b) research; \r\n(c) administration; and \r\n(d)  finances. \r\n(8) The Vice-Chancellor’s annual report shall be made available, prior to its presentation \r\nbefore the Senate, to all officers and University teachers and shall be published in such numbers as are \r\nrequired to ensure its wide circulation. \r\n11. Appointment and Removal of the Vice -Chancellor. ___(1) The Vice -Chancellor shall \r\nbe appointed by the Chancellor on the basis of recommendations made by tile Senate. \r\n(2) A Search Committee for the recommendation of -persons suitable for appointment as \r\nVice-Chancellor shall be constituted by the Senate on the date, and in the manner prescribed by the \r\nStatutes and shall consist of two eminent members of society nominated by the  Chancellor of whom \r\none shall be appointed the Convener, two members of the Senate, two distinguished University \r\nTeachers who are not members of fire Senate and one academic of eminence not employed by the \r\nUniversity: The two distinguished University Teach ers shall be selected by tile Smite through a \r\nprocess, to be prescribed by statute, that provides for the, recommendation of suitable names by the \r\nUniversity Teachers in general. The Search Committee shall remain in existence till such lime that the \r\nappointment of the next Vice-Chancellor has been made by the Chancellor. \r\n(3) The persons. proposed by the Search Committee for appointment as Vice -Chancellor \r\nshall be considered by the Senate and of these a panel of three in order of priority shall be recommended \r\nby the Senate to the Chancellor,___ \r\nProvided that the Chancellor may decline to appoint any of tile three persons recommended \r\narid seek recommendation of a fresh panel. In the event of a fresh recommendation being” sought by \r\nthe Chancellor the Search Committee shall make a proposal ‘to the, Senate in the prescribed manner. \r\n(4) The Vice-Chancellor shall be appointed for a. renewable tenure of five years on terms \r\nand Conditions prescribed by Statute. The tenure of an incumbent Vice -Chancellor shall, be renewed \r\nby the Chancellor on receipt of a resolution of, the Senate in support of such renewal:--- \r\nProvided that the Chancellor may-call upon the Senate to reconsider such resolution once. \r\n(5) The Senate may, pursuant to a resolution in this behalf passed by t hree fourths pr its \r\nmembership, recommend to the Chancellor the removal of the Vice -Chancellor on the ground of \r\n \r\n \r\ninefficiency moral turpitude or physical or mental incapacity or gross misconduct. Including misuse \r\nof position for personal advantages orally kind:--- \r\nProvided that the Chancellor may make reference to the Senate stating the instances of \r\ninefficiency, moral turpitude or physical or -mental incapacity or gross misconduct on the part of the \r\nVice-Chancellor that have come to his notice. After consideration of tile reference the Senate may, \r\npursuant to a resolution in this behalf passed by two -thirds of its membership, recommend to the \r\nChancellor the removal of tile Vice-Chancellor:--- \r\nProvided further that prior to a resolution for the removal of the Vice- Chancellor being voted \r\nupon the Vice-Chancellor shall be given in opportunity of being heard. \r\n(6) A resolution recommending the removal of the Vice -Chancellor shall be submitted to \r\nthe Chancellor forthwith. The Chancellor may accept the recomm endation lord order removal of the \r\nVice-Chancellor or return tire recommendation to the Senate. \r\n(7) At any time when the office of the Vice -Chancellor is vacant, or the Vice -Chancellor \r\nis absent or is finable to perform the functions of his office due to i llness or some other cause, the \r\nSenate shall make such arrangements for the performance of the duties of the Vice -Chancellor as it \r\nmay deem fit. \r\n12. Registrar.___(1) There shall be a Registrar of the University to be appointed by the \r\nSenate on the recommen dation of the Vice -Chancellor, on such terms and conditions as may be \r\nprescribed. \r\n(2) The experience as well as the professional and academic qualifications necessary for \r\nappointment to the post of the Registrar shall be as may be prescribed.  \r\n \r\n(3) The Registrar shall be a full-time officer of the University and shall,___ \r\n(a) be the administrative head of the secretariat of tile University and be responsible \r\nfor the provision of secretariat support to the Authorities of the University; \r\n(b) be the custodian of tie common seal and the academic records of the University; \r\n(c) maintain a register of registered graduates in the prescribed manner; \r\n(d) supervise the process of election, appointment or nomination of members to the \r\nvarious authorities and other bodies in the prescribed manner; and \r\n(e) perform such other duties as may be prescribed. \r\n(4) The term of office of the Registrar. shall be a renewable period of three years:--- \r\nProvided that the Senate may, on the advice of the Vice Chancellor terminate the appointment \r\nof the Registrar on grounds of inefficiency or misconduct in accordance with prescribed procedure. \r\n \r\n \r\n13. Treasurer.___(1) There shall be a Treas urer of the University to be appointed by the \r\nSenate on the recommendation of the Vice Chancellor, on such terms and conditions as may be \r\nprescribed. \r\n(2) The experience and the professional and academic qualifications necessary for \r\nappointment to the post of tile Treasurer shall be as mad be prescribed. \r\n(3) The Treasurer shall be the chief financial officer of the University and shall,--- \r\n(a) manage the assets, liabilities, receipts, expenditures, funds and investments of \r\nthe University; \r\n(b)  prepare the annual and revised budget estimates of the University and present \r\nthem to the Syndicate or a committee thereof for approval and incorporation. in \r\nthe budget to be presented to the Senate; \r\n(c)  ensure that the funds of tile University are expended on the purposes for which \r\nthey are provided; \r\n(d)  have the accounts of tile University audited annually so as to be available for \r\nsubmission to the Senate within six months of the close of the financial year, \r\nand \r\n(e)  perform such other duties as may be prescribed. \r\n(4) The term of office of the Treasurer shall be a renewable period of three years:--- \r\nProvided that the Senate may, on the advice of the Vice Chancellor, terminate the appointment \r\nof the Treasurer on grounds of inefficiency or misconduct in accordance with prescribed procedure. \r\n14. Controller of Examinations.___(1) There shall be a Controller of Examinations, to be \r\nappointed by the Senate on the recommendation of the Vice-Chancellor, on such terms and conditions \r\nas may be prescribed. \r\n(2) The minimum qualifications necessary for appointment to the post of the Controller of \r\nExaminations shall be as may be prescribed. \r\n(3) The Controller of Examinations shall be a full -time officer of the University and shall \r\nbe responsible for all matters connected with the conduct of examinations and perform such other \r\nduties as may be prescribed. \r\n(4) The Controller of Examinations shall be appointed for a  renewable term of three \r\nyears:___ \r\nProvided that the Senate may, on the advice of the Vice Chancellor, terminate the appointment \r\nof the Controller of Examinations on grounds of inefficiency or misconduct in accordance with \r\nprescribed procedure. \r\n \r\n \r\nCHAPTER IV \r\nAUTHORITIES OF THE UNIVERSITY \r\n15. Authorities.___(1) The following shall be the Authorities of the University, namely:___ \r\n(a) Authorities established by the Ordinance, the Senate; \r\n(ii)  the Syndicate; and \r\n(iii)  the Academic Council; \r\n(b) Authorities to be established by the Statutes,___ \r\n(i)  Graduate and Research Management Council; \r\n(ii)  Recruitment, Development, Evaluation arid Promotion committees for \r\nteachers and other staff whether at the level of the department, tile \r\nFaculty or the University; \r\n(iii)  Career Placement and Internship Committee of each Faculty; \r\n(iv) Search Committee for the appointment of the Vice Chancellor; \r\n(v)  the Representation Committees for appointment to the Senate, Syndicate \r\nand the Academic Council; \r\n(vi)  Faculty Council; and \r\n(vii) Departmental Council. \r\n(2) The Senate, the Syndicate and the Academic Council may set up such other committees or sub-\r\ncommittees, by whatever name described, as are considered desirable through Statutes or Regulations \r\nas appropriate. Such committees or sub -committees shall be Authorities of the University for the \r\npurposes of this Ordinance. \r\n16. Senate.___(1) The body responsible for the governance of the University shall be \r\ndescribed as the Senate, and shall consist of the following, namely:--- \r\n(a) the Chancellor who shall be the Chairperson of the Senate; \r\n(b)  the Vice-Chancellor; \r\n(c) one member of the Government not below the rank of Additional Secretary from \r\nthe Ministry of Education or any other department relevant to the special focus \r\nof the University; \r\n \r\n \r\n(d) four persons from society at large being persons of distinction in the fields of \r\nadministration, management, education, academics, law, accountancy, \r\nmedicine, fine ails, architecture, agriculture, science, technology and \r\nengineering such that the appointment of these persons reflects a balance across \r\nthe various fields:___ \r\nProvided that the special focus or affiliation of the University, to be declared in the manner \r\nprescribed, may be reflected in the number of persons of distinction in an area of expertise relevant to \r\nthe University who are appointed to the Senate; \r\n(e)  one person from amongst the alumni of the University; \r\n(f)  two persons from the academic community of the country, other than an \r\nemployee of the University, at the level of professor or principal of a college:___ \r\n(g)  four University Teachers; and \r\n(h)  one person nominated by the Commission. \r\nThe numbers of the members of the Senate described against clauses (e) to (h) of sub -section 1 may \r\nbe increased by the Senate through Statutes subject to condition that the total membership of the Senate \r\ndoes not exceed twenty one, with a maximum of five University Teachers, and the increase is balanced, \r\nto the extent possible, across the different categories specified in sub-section (1). \r\n(3) All appointments to the Senate shall be made by the Chancellor. Appointments of  \r\npersons described in clauses (e) to (f) of sub -section (1) shall be made from amongst a panel of three \r\nnames for each vacancy recommended by the Representation Committee set up in terms of section 23 \r\nand in accordance with procedure as may be prescribed:--- \r\nProvided that effort shall be made, without compromising on quality or qualification, to give \r\nfair representation to women on the Senate. \r\nProvided that as regards the University Teachers described in clause (g) of sub-section (1) the \r\nSenate shall prescribe a procedure for appointment on the basis of elections that provide for voting by \r\nthe various categories of University Teachers. Provided also that the Senate may alternatively prescribe \r\nthat appointment of University Teachers to the Senate shall also b e in-the manner provided by this \r\nsub-section for the persons described in clauses (e) to (f) of sub-section (1). \r\n(4) Members of the Senate, other than ex officio members, shall hold office for three years. \r\nOne-third of the members, other than ex officio me mbers, of the first restructured Senate, to be \r\ndetermined by lot, shall retire from office on the expiration of one year from the date of appointment \r\nby the Chancellor. One -half of the remaining members, other than ex officio members, of the first \r\nrestructured Senate, to be determined by lot, shall retire from office on the expiration of two years \r\nfrom the date of appointment and the remaining one half, other than ex officio members, shall retire \r\nfrom office on the expiration of the third year:--- \r\n \r\n \r\nProvided that no person, other than an ex officio member, may serve on the Senate for mor e \r\nthan two consecutive terms:___ \r\n Provided further that the University Teachers appointed to the Senate may not serve for two \r\nconsecutive terms. \r\n(5) The Senate shall meet at least twice in a calendar year. \r\n(6) Service on the Senate shall be on honourary basis:___ \r\nProvided that actual expenses may be reimbursed as prescribed,___ \r\n(7) The Registrar shall be the secretary of the Senate. \r\n(8) In the absence of the Chancellor meetings of the Senate shall be presided over by such \r\nmember, not being an employee of the University or the Government, as the Chancellor may, from \r\ntime to time, nominate. The member so nominated shall be the convener of the Senate. \r\n(9) Unless otherwise prescribed by this Ordinance, all decisions of the Senate shall be taken \r\non the basis of the opinion of a majority of the members present. In the event of the members being \r\nevenly divided on any matter the person presiding over the meeting shall have a casting vote. \r\n(10) The quorum for a meeting of the Senate shall be two thirds of its membership, a fraction \r\nbeing counted as one. \r\n17. Powers and functions of the Senate.___(1) The Senate shall have the power of general \r\nsupervision over the University and shall hold the  Vice-Chancellor and the Authorities accountable \r\nfor all the functions of tile University. The Senate shall have all powers of the University not expressly \r\nvested in an Authority or officer by the Ordinance and all other powers not expressly mentioned by \r\nthis Ordinance that are necessary for the performance of its functions. \r\n(a)  Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing powers, the Senate sha ll \r\nhave the following powers:___ \r\n(a) to approve-the proposed annual plan of work, the annual and revised budgets, \r\nthe annual report and the annual statement of account; \r\n(b)  to hold, control and lay down policy for tile administration of the property, funds \r\nand investments of the University, including the approval of the sale and \r\npurchase or acquisition of immovable property; \r\n(c)  to oversee the quality and relevance of the University’s academic programmes \r\nand to review the academic affairs of the University in general; \r\n(d) to approve the appointment of the Deans, Professors, Associate Professors and \r\nsuch other senior faculty and senior administrators as may be prescribed; \r\n \r\n \r\n(e)  to institute schemes, directions and guidelines for the terms and conditions of \r\nappointment of all officers, teachers and other employees of the University; \r\n(f)  to approve strategic plans. \r\n(g) to approve financial resource development plans of the University; \r\n(h)  to consider the drafts of Statutes and Regulations proposed by the Syndicate and \r\nthe Academic Council and deal with them in the manner as provided for in \r\nsections 26 and 27, as the case may be:___ \r\nProvided that the Senate may frame a Statute or Regulation on its own initiative and \r\napprove it after calling for the advice of the Syndicate or the Academic Council \r\nas the case may be; \r\n(i) to annul by order in wr iting the proceedings of any Authority or officer if the \r\nSenate is satisfied that such proceedings are not in accordance with the \r\nprovisions of the Ordinance, Statutes or Regulations after calling upon such \r\nAuthority or officer to show cause why such proce edings should not be \r\nannulled; \r\n(j)  to recommend to the Chancellor removal of any member of the Senate in \r\naccordance with the provisions of the Ordinance; \r\n(k) to make appointment of members of the Syndicate, other then ex officio \r\nmembers, in accordance with the provisions of the Ordinance; \r\n(l)  to make appointment of members of the Academic Council, other than ex officio \r\nmembers, in accordance with the provisions of the Ordinance; \r\n(m)  to appoint Emeritus, Professors on such terms and conditions as may be \r\nprescribed; \r\n(n)  to remove any person from the membership of any Authority if such person; \r\n(i)  has become of unsound mind; or \r\n(ii)  has become incapacitated to function as member of such Authority; or \r\n(iii) has been convicted by a court of law for an offen ce involving moral turpitude; \r\nand \r\n(o)  to determine the form, provide for the custody and regulate the use of the \r\ncommon seal of the University. \r\n(3) The Senate may, subject to the provisions of the Ordinance delegate all or any of the \r\npowers and functions of any Authority, officer or employee of the University at its main campus, to \r\n \r\n \r\nany Authority, committee, officer or employee at its additional campus for the purpose of exercising \r\nsuch powers and performing such functions in relation to such additional campus, and for this purpose \r\nthe Senate may create new posts or positions at the additional campus. \r\n18. Visitation.___The Senate may, in accordance with the terms and procedures as tray be \r\nprescribed, cause an inspection to be made in respect of any matter connected with the University. \r\n19. Syndicate.___(1) There shall be a Syndicate of the University  consisting of the \r\nfollowing:___ \r\n(a) the Vice-Chancellor who shall be its Chairperson, \r\n(b)  the Deans of the Faculties of the-University. \r\n(c) three professors froth different departments, who are not members of the Senate. \r\nto be elected by the University Teachers in accordance with procedure to  be \r\nprescribed by the Senate:___ \r\n(d)  Principals of the constituent colleges; \r\n(e)  Registrar; \r\n(f)  the Treasurer; and \r\n(g) the Controller of Examinations; \r\n(2) Members of the Syndicate, other than ex officio members, shall hold office for three \r\nyears. \r\n(3) As regards the three professors described to clause (c) of sub -section (1) the Senate \r\nmay, as an alternative to elections, prescribe a procedure for proposal of a panel of names by the \r\nRepresentation Committee set up in terms of section 23, Appointment of persons proposed by the \r\nRepresentation Committee tray be made by the Senate on the recommendation of the Vice Chancellor. \r\n(4) The quorum for a meeting of the Syndicate shall be one -half of the total number of \r\nmembers, a fraction being counted as one. \r\n(5) The Syndicate shall meet at least once in each quarter of the year. \r\n20. Powers and duties of the Syndicate. ___(1) The Syndicate shall be the executive body \r\nof the University and shall, subject to the provisions of the Ordinance and the Statutes, exercise general \r\nsupervision over the affairs and management of the University. \r\n(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing powers, and subject to the \r\nprovisions of the Ordinance, the Statutes and directions of the Senate the Syndicate shall have the \r\nfollowing powers:--- \r\n \r\n \r\n(a) to consider the annual report, the annual and revised budget estimates and to \r\nsubmit these to the Senate; \r\n (b) to transfer and accept transfer of movable property on behalf of the University; \r\n \r\n (c) to enter into, vary, carry out and cancel contracts on behalf of the University; \r\n(d)  to cause proper books of account to be kept for all sums of money received and \r\nexpended by the University and for the assets and liabilities of the University; \r\n(e) to invest any money belonging to the University including any unapplied \r\nincome in any of the securities described in section 20 of the Trusts Act, 1882  \r\n(Act II of 1882), or in the purchase of immovable property or in such other \r\nmanner, as it may prescribe, with the like power of varying such investments; \r\n(f) to receive and manage any property transferred, and grants, bequests, trust, gifts, \r\ndonations, endowments, and other contributions made to the University; \r\n(g)  to administer any funds placed at the disposal of the University for specified \r\npurposes; \r\n(h) to provide the buildings, libraries, premises, furniture, apparatus, equipment and \r\nother means required for carrying out the work of the University; \r\n(i) to establish and maintain halls of residence and hostels or approve or license \r\nhostels or lodgings for the residence of students; \r\n(j) to recommend to the Senate affiliation or disaffiliation of colleges; \r\n(k) to recommend to the Senate admission of educational institutions to the \r\nprivileges of the University and withdraw such privileges; \r\n(l)  to arrange for the inspection of colleges and the departments; \r\n(m) to institute Professorships, Associate Professorships, Assistant, Professorships, \r\nLectureships, and other teaching posts or to suspend or to abolish such posts; \r\n(n)  to create, suspend or abolish such administrative or other posts as may be \r\nnecessary; \r\n(o) to prescribe the duties of officers, teachers and other employees of the \r\nUniversity; \r\n(p) to report to the Senate on matters with respect to which it has been asked to \r\nreport; \r\n \r\n \r\n(q) to appoint members to various Authorities in accordance with the provisions of \r\nthe Ordinance; \r\n(r)  to propose drafts of Statutes for submission to the Senate; \r\n(s)  to regulate the conduct and discipline of the students of the University; \r\n(t)  to take actions necessary for the good administration of the University in general \r\nand to this end exercise such powers as are necessary; \r\n(u)  to delegate any of its powers to any -Authority or officer or a committee; and \r\n(v)  to perform such other functions as have been assigned to it by the provisions of \r\nthe Ordinance or tray be assigned to it by the Statutes. \r\n21. Academic Council. ___(1) There shall be an Academic Council of the University \r\nconsisting of the followings:--- \r\n(a)  the Vice-Chancellor who shall be its Chairperson; \r\n(b)  the Deans of Faculties and such Heads of Departments as may be prescribed; \r\n(c)  five members representing the departments,, institutes and the constituent \r\ncolleges to be elected in the manner prescribed by the Senate; \r\n(d)  two Principals of affiliated colleges; \r\n(e)  five Professors including Emeritus Professors; \r\n(f)  the Registrar, \r\n(g)  the Controller of Examinations; and \r\n(h)  the Librarian. \r\n(2) The Senate shall appoint the members of the Academic Council, ot her than the ex \r\nofficio and  the elected members, on the recommendation of the Vice Chancellor:___ \r\nProvided that a s regards the five professors and the members representing the departments, \r\ninstitutes-and the constituent colleges the Senate may, as an alternative to elections, prescribe a \r\nprocedure for proposal of a panel of names by the Representation Committee set tip in terms of section \r\n23 Appointment of persons proposed by the Representation Committee may be made by the Senate on \r\nthe recommendation of the Vice Chancellor. \r\n(3) Members of the Academic Council shall hold office for three years. \r\n(4) The Academic Council shall meet at least once in each quarter. \r\n \r\n \r\n(5) The quorum for meetings of the Academic Council shall be one half of the total number \r\nof members, a fraction being counted as one. \r\n22. Powers and functions of the Academic Council. ___(1) The Academic Council shall be \r\nthe principal academic body of tire University and shall, subject to the provisions of the Ordinance and \r\nthe Statutes, have the power to lay down proper standards of instruction, research and examinations \r\nand to regulate and promote the academic life of the University and the colleges. \r\n(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing powers, and subject to the \r\nprovisions of this Ordinance and the Statutes, the Academic Council shall have the power to,___ \r\n(a) approve the policies and procedures pertaining to the quali ty of academic  \r\nprogrammes; \r\n(b) approve academic programmes; \r\n(e) approve the policies and procedures pertaining to student related functions \r\nincluding admissions, expulsions, punishments, examinations and certification; \r\n(d) approve the policies and procedures assuring quality of teaching and research; \r\n(e) recommend the policies and procedures for affiliation of other educational \r\ninstitutions; \r\n(f) propose to the Syndicate schemes for the constitution rind organization of \r\nFaculties, teaching departments and boards of studies; \r\n(g)  appoint paper setters and examiners for all examinations of the University after \r\nreceiving panels of dunes from the relevant authorities; \r\n(h) institute programmes for the continued professional development of University \r\nTeachers at all levels; \r\n(i)  recognize the examinations of other Universities or examining bodies as \r\nequivalent to the corresponding examinations of the University; \r\n(j) regulate the award of studentships, scholarships, exhibitions, medals and prizes; \r\n(k) frame Regulations far submission to the Senate; \r\n(l) prepare an annual report on the academic performance of the University; and \r\n(m) perform such functions as may be prescribed by Regulations. \r\n23. Representation Committees. ___(1) There shall be a Representation Committee \r\nconstituted by the Senate through Statute for recommendation of persons for appointment to the Senate \r\nin accordance with the provisions of section 16. \r\n \r\n \r\n(2) There shall also be a Representation Committee constituted by the  Senate through \r\nStatute for the recommendation of persons for appointment to the Syndicate and the Academic Council \r\nin accordance with the provisions of sections 20 and 22. \r\n(3) Members of the Representation Committee for appointments to the Senate shall consist \r\nof the following:___ \r\n(a)  three members of the Senate who are not University Teachers; \r\n(b)  two persons nominated by the University Teachers from amongst themselves \r\nin the manner prescribed; \r\n(c)  one person from the academic community, not employed by the University, at \r\nthe level of professor or college principal to be nominated by the University \r\nTeachers in the manner prescribed; and \r\n(d)  one eminent citizen with experience in administration, philanthropy, \r\ndevelopment work, law or accountancy to be nominated by the Senate. \r\n(4) The Representation Committee for appointments to the Syndicate and the Academic \r\nCouncil shall consist of the following; \r\n(a)  two members of the Senate who are not University Teachers. \r\n(b)  three persons nominated by the University Teachers from amongst themselves \r\nin the manner prescribed; \r\n(5) The tenure of the Representation Committees shall be three years,--- \r\nProvided that no member shall serve for more than two consecutive terms. \r\n(6) The procedures of the Representation Committees shall be as may be prescribed. \r\n(7) There may also be such other Representation Committees set up by any of the other \r\nAuthorities of the University as are considered appropriate for recommending persons for appointment \r\nto the various Authorities arid other bodies of the University. \r\n24. Appointment of Committees by certain Authorities. ___ (1) The Senate, the Syndicate, \r\nthe Academic Council and other Authorities may, .from time to time, appoint such standing, special \r\nor advisory committees, as they may deem fit, and may place on such committee persons who are not \r\nmembers of the Authorities appointing the Committees. \r\n(2) The constitution, functions and powers of the Authorities for which no specific \r\nprovision has been made in this Ordinance shall be such a s may be prescribed by Statutes or \r\nRegulations. \r\n_______________ \r\n \r\n \r\nCHAPTER V \r\nSTATUTES, REGULATIONS AND RULES \r\n25. Statutes.___ (1) Subject to the provisions of the Ordinance, Statutes, to be published in \r\nthe official Gazette, may be made to regulate or prescribe all or any of the following matters:___ \r\n(a)  the contents of and the manner in which the annual report to be presented by the \r\nVice-Chancellor before the Senate shall be prepared; \r\n(b)  the University fees and other charges. \r\n(c)  the constitution of any pension, insurance, gratuity, provident fund and \r\nbenevolent fund for University employees; \r\n(d)  the scales of pay and other terms and conditions of service of officers, teachers \r\nand other University employees; \r\n(e)  the maintenance of the register of registered graduates; \r\n(f)  affiliation and disaffiliation of educational institutions and related matters; \r\n(g) admission of educational institutions to the privileges of the University and the \r\nwithdrawal of such privileges; \r\n(h) the establishment of Faculties, departments, institutes, colleges and other \r\nacademic divisions; \r\n(i)  the powers and duties of officers and teachers; \r\n(j)  conditions under which the University may enter into arrangements with other \r\ninstitutions or with public bodies for purposes of research and advisory services; \r\n(k)  conditions for appointment of Emeritus Professors and award of honorary \r\ndegrees; \r\n(l)  efficiency and discipline of University employees; \r\n(m)  the constitution and procedure to be followed by Representation Committees in \r\ncarrying out functions to terms of this Ordinance; \r\n(n)  the constitution and procedure to be followed by the Search Committee f or \r\nappointment of the Vice Chancellor; \r\n(o)  constitution, functions and powers of the Authorities of the University; and \r\n(p) all other matters which by this Ordinance are to be or may be prescribed or \r\nregulated by Statutes. \r\n \r\n \r\n(2) The draft of Statutes shall be proposed by the Syndicate to the Senate which may \r\napprove or pass with such modifications as the Senate may think fit or may refer back to the Syndicate, \r\nas the case may be, for reconsideration of the proposed draft:--- \r\nProvided that Statutes concerning any of the matters mentioned in clauses (a) and (1) of sub -\r\nsection (1) shall be initiated and approved by the Senate, after seeking the views of the Syndicate:--- \r\nProvided further that the Senate may initiate a Statute with respect to any matter in its po wer \r\nor with respect to which a Statute may be framed in terms of the Ordinance and approve such Statute \r\nafter seeking the views of the Syndicate. \r\n26. Regulations.___(1) Subject to the provisions of the Ordinance and the Statues, the \r\nAcademic Council may make Regulations, to be published in the official Gazette, for all or any of the \r\nfollowing matters:--- \r\n(a)  the courses of study for degrees, diplomas and certificates of the University; \r\n(b) the manner in which the teaching referred to in sub-section (1) of section 6 shall \r\nbe organized and conducted; \r\n(c)  the admission and expulsion of students to and from the University; \r\n(d)  the conditions under which students shall be admitted to the courses and. the \r\nexaminations of the University and shall become eligible  for the award of \r\ndegrees, diplomas and certificates; \r\n(e) the conduct of examinations; \r\n(f)  conditions under which a person may carry on independent research to entitle \r\nhim to a degree, \r\n(g)  the institution of fellowships, scholarships, exhibitions, medals and prizes; \r\n(h) the use of the Library; \r\n(i)  the formation of Faculties, departments and board of studies; and \r\n(j)  all other matters which by the Ordinance or the Statutes are to be or may be \r\nprescribed by Regulations. \r\n(2) Regulations shall be proposed by the Academic Council and shall be submitted to the \r\nSenate which may approve them or withhold approval or refer them back to the Academic Council for \r\nreconsideration. A Regulation proposed by the Academic Council shall not be effective unless it \r\nreceives the approval of the Senate. \r\n(3) Regulations regarding or incidental to matters contained in sub-clauses (g) and (i) shall \r\nnot be submitted to the Senate without the prior approval of the Syndicate. \r\n \r\n \r\n27. Amendment and repeal of Statutes and Regulations.___The procedure for adding to, \r\namending or repealing the Statutes and the Regulations shall be the same as that prescribed \r\nrespectively- for framing or making Statutes and Regulations. \r\n28. Rules.___ (1) The Authorities and’ the other bodies of the University may make Rules, \r\nto be published in the official Gazette, consistent with the Ordinance, Statutes or the Regulations, to \r\nregulate any matter relating to the affairs of the University which has not been provided for by the \r\nOrdinance or that is not required to be regulated by Statutes or Regulations, including rules to regulate \r\nthe conduct of business and the time and place of meetings and related matters. \r\n(2) Rules shall become effective upon approval by tire Syndicate \r\n______________ \r\nCHAPTER VI \r\nUNIVERSITY FUND \r\n29. University fund. ___The University shall have a fund to which shall be credited its \r\nincome from fees, charges, donations trusts, bequests, endowments, contributions, grants and all other \r\nsources. \r\n30. Audits and Accounts.___(1) The Accounts of the University shall be maintained in such \r\nform and in such manner as may be prescribed. \r\n(2) The teaching departments constituent colleges/institutes and all other bodies designated \r\nas such by the Syndicate in terms of Statutes shall be independent cost centre s of the University with \r\nauthority vested in the head of each cost centre to sanction expenditure out of the budget allocated to \r\nit. Provided that re-appropriation from one head of expenditure to another may be made by the head \r\nof a cost centre in accordance with and to the extent prescribed by the Statutes. \r\n(3) All funds generated by a teaching department, constituent college of other unit of the \r\nUniversity through consultancy, research or other provision of service shall be made available without’ \r\nprejudice to the budgetary allocation otherwise made, after deduction of overheads in the manner and \r\nto the extent prescribed by Statute, to the teaching department, constituent college or other unit for its \r\ndevelopment. A part of the funds so generated may be sh ared with the University Teachers or \r\nresearchers in charge of the consultancy, research or service concerned in the manner and to the extent \r\nprescribed by Statute. \r\n(4) No expenditure shall be made from the funds of the University, unless a bill for its \r\npayments has been issued by the head of the cost centre concerned in accordance with the relevant \r\nstatutes and the Treasurer has verified that the payment is provided for in the approved budget of the \r\ncost centre, subject to the authority to re-appropriate available to the head of tile cost centre. \r\n(5) Provision shall be made for an internal audit of the finances of the University. \r\n \r\n \r\n(6) Without prejudice to the requirement of audit by an auditor appointed by Government \r\nin accordance with the provisions of any o ther law in force, the annual audited statement of accounts \r\nof the University shall be prepared in conformity with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles \r\n(GAAP) by a reputed firm of chartered accountants and signed by the Treasurer. The annual audite d \r\nstatement of accounts so prepared shall be submitted to the Auditor General of  Pakistan for his \r\nobservations. \r\n(7) The observations of the Auditor General of  Pakistan, if any, together with such \r\nannotations as the Treasurer may make, shall be considered by the Syndicate and shall be placed before \r\nthe Senate within six months of closing of the financial year. \r\n____________ \r\nCHAPTER VII \r\nGENERAL PROVISIONS \r\n31. Opportunity to show cause.___Except as otherwise provided by law no officer, teacher \r\nor other employee, of the University holding a permanent post shall be reduced in rank, or removed or \r\ncompulsorily retired from service for cause arising out of any act or omission on the part of the person \r\nconcerned unless he has been given a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against the action \r\nproposed to betaken. \r\n32. Appeal to the Syndicate and the Senate. ___Where an order is passed punishing any \r\nofficer (other than the Vice -Chancellor), teacher or other employee of the University or altering or \r\ninterpreting to his disadvantage the prescribed terms or conditions of his service, he shall, where the \r\norder is passed by any officer or teacher of the University other than the Vice -Chancellor, have t he \r\nright to appeal to the Syndicate against the order, and where the order is passed by the Vice-Chancellor, \r\nhave the right to appeal to the Senate. \r\n33. Service of the University.___(1) All persons employed by the University in accordance \r\nwith the terms an d conditions of service prescribed by statutes shall, be persons in the service of \r\nPakistan for the purposes of any court or tribunal set up by law in terms of Article 212 of the \r\nConstitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973:--- \r\nProvided that any provision as regards the terms and conditions of employment of persons in \r\nthe service of Pakistan in general or in comparable employment notwithstanding the service of persons \r\nemployed by the University shall be entirely governed by the terms and condition s prescribed by the \r\nrelevant Statutes. \r\n(2) An officer, teacher or other employee of the University shall retire from service on the \r\nattainment of such age or tenure of service as may be prescribed. \r\n(3) No adverse change shall be made in the terms and condi tions of employment of any \r\nUniversity Teacher in the employment of the University on the date of enforcement of the Ordinance. \r\n \r\n \r\n34. Benefits and Insurance. ___ (1) The University shall constitute for the benefit of its \r\nofficers, teachers and other employees schemes, as may be prescribed, for the provision of post -\r\nemployment benefits as well as health and life insurance while in service. \r\n(2) Where any provident fund has been constituted under this Ordinance, the provisions of \r\nthe Provident Funds Act, 1925 (XIX of 1925), shall apply to such funds as if it were the Government \r\nProvident Fund. \r\n35. Commencement of term of office of members of Authority. ___(1) When a me mber \r\nof a newly constituted Authority is elected, appointed or nominated, his term of office, as fired under \r\nthis Ordinance, shall commence from such date as tray be prescribed. \r\n(2) Where a member who has accepted any other assignment or for any other similar reason \r\nremains absent from the University for a period of not less than six months he shall be deemed to have \r\nresigned and vacated his seat. \r\n36. Filling of casual vacancies in Authorities.___Any casual vacancy among the members \r\nof any Authority shall be filled, as soon as conveniently may be, in the same manner and by the same \r\nperson or Authority that had appointed the member whose place has become vacant and the person \r\nappointed to the vacancy shall be a member of such Authority for the residue of the term for which the \r\nperson whose place he fills would have been a member. \r\n37. Flaws in the constitution of Authorities___Where there is a flaw in the constitution of \r\nan Authority, as constituted by this Ordinance, the Statutes or, the Regulations on account  of the \r\nabolition of a specified office under Government or because an organization, institution or other body \r\noutside the University has been dissolved or has ceased to function, or because of some other Similar \r\nreason, such flaw shall be removed in such mariner as the Senate may direct. \r\n38. Proceedings of Authorities not invalidated by the vacancies ___No act, resolution or \r\ndecision of any Authority shall be invalid by reason of am’ vacancy on the Authority doing, passing, \r\nor making it or by reason of any want of qualification or invalidity in the election, appointment or \r\nnomination of any de facto member of the Authority, whether present or absent. \r\n39. First Statutes and Regulations___Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained \r\nin the Ordinance, the President of Pakistan shall promulgate the First Statues and Regulations which \r\nshall be deemed to be Statutes and Regulations framed under section 25 and 26 and shall continue to \r\nremain in force until amended or replaced or till such time as new Statutes and Regulations are framed \r\nin accordance with the provisions of the Ordinance. \r\n40. Repeal and savings ___(1) The Acts, Ordinances or other legislative instruments \r\nconstituting the universities listed in the Schedule shall stand repealed from such dates as m ay be \r\nnotified by the Government in tile official Gazette:--- \r\nProvided that the Government may save, through appropriate provision in the repealing \r\nnotifications, such parts of the Acts, Ordinances or other legislative instruments constituting the \r\nuniversities listed in the Schedule as are necessary for preservation of such specific features that are \r\n \r\n \r\nessential given tile nature of the University and are not in conflict with the management and \r\ngovernance structure laid down by the Ordinance or for continuation of the legal status of an institute, \r\ncollege or other constituent unit of the University as on the date of the notification in the official \r\nGazette. \r\n(2) Notwithstanding the repeal envisaged by sub-section (1),___ \r\n(a) everything done, action taken obligations or liabilities incurred, rights and assets \r\nacquired, persons appointed or authorized; jurisdiction or powers conferred, endowments, bequests, \r\nfunds or trusts created, donations or grants made, scholarships, studentship, or exhibitions institute d, \r\naffiliations or privileges granted and orders issued under any of the provisions of the repealed Acts, \r\nOrdinances, other legislative instruments or the Statutes, the Regulations and the Rules made or \r\ndeemed to have been made thereunder, shall, if not in consistent with the provisions of the Ordinance \r\nor the Statutes, the Regulations or the Rules made under this Ordinance, be continued and, so far as \r\nmay be, be deemed to have been respectively done, taken, incurred, acquired, appointed, authorized, \r\nconferred, created, made, instituted, granted and issued under this Ordinance, and any documents \r\nreferring to any of the provisions of the repealed Acts, Ordinances, other legislative instruments or tile \r\nStatutes the Regulations and the Rules first referred shall ; so far as may be, be considered to refer to \r\nthe corresponding, provisions of the Ordinance or the Statutes, the Regulations and the Rules made \r\nunder this Ordinance; \r\n(b) all institutes, colleges or other constituent units of the University functioning in terms \r\nof the provisions of the repealed Acts, Ordinances or other legislative instruments. shall continue to \r\nfunction in terms of the relevant repealed provisions till such time that the Senate through Statute has \r\nprescribed otherwise; and \r\n(c) any Statutes , Regulations, or Rules made or deemed to have been made under the \r\nrepealed Acts, Ordinances or other legislative instruments shall, if not inconsistent with the provisions \r\nof the Ordinance, be deemed to be Statutes, Regulations or Rules made under the Ord inance having \r\nregard to the various matters which by the Ordinance have to be regulated or prescribed by Statutes, \r\nRegulations and Rules respectively and shall continue to be in force until they are repealed, rescinded \r\nor modified in accordance with the provisions of the Ordinance. \r\n41. Transitory Provisions ___(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Ordinance, \r\nupon the coming into force of this Ordinance with respect to a University listed in the Schedule, the \r\nSenate shall be restructured and the members thereof, except the University Teachers, appointed afresh \r\nby the Chancellor in accordance with the numbers and criteria for membership specified in the \r\nOrdinance. As regards the University Teachers to be elected or appointed to the restructured Senate \r\nelections shall be held as soon as possible in the case of Universities where the repealed act, ordinance \r\nor other legislative instrument had provided for the election of University Teachers to the Senate. In \r\nall other cases University Teachers shall be app ointed to the restructured Senate by the Chancellor. \r\nThe number of University Teachers to be elected or appointed to the restructured Senate shall be as \r\nprovided in the Ordinance. The first restructured Senate so constituted shall initiate, as soon as \r\npossible, the process for the appointment of the members of the Syndicate and the Academic Council \r\nin accordance with the terms of this Ordinance. The - term of tenure provided in sub -section (4) of \r\n \r\n \r\nsection 16 notwithstanding, one -third of the members, other th an ex officio members, of the first \r\nrestructured Senate, to be determined by lot, shall retire from office on the expiration of one year from \r\nthe date of appointment by the Chancellor. One -half of the remaining members, other than ex officio \r\nmembers, of th e first restructured Senate, to be determined by lot, shall retire from office on the \r\nexpiration of two years from the date of appointment and the remaining one-half, other than ex officio \r\nmembers, shall retire from office on the expiration of the third year. \r\n(2) Any existing provision, as regards tenure notwithstanding the Vice- Chancellor and the \r\nother Authorities, in existence immediately before the date oil which the Ordinance is enforced with \r\nrespect to a University listed in the Schedule, shall contin ue to function and shall, as far as may be, \r\nexercise the powers respectively assigned to the Vice -Chancellor and the corresponding Authorities \r\nby or under this Ordinance, until such time as they are respectively replaced in accordance with the \r\nterms of the Ordinance. \r\n(3) Notwithstanding anything-contained in the Ordinance, as regards a University set up \r\nafter’ the promulgation date hereof, the members of the first Senate; except the University Teachers, \r\nshall be appointed by the Chancellor in accordance wit h the numbers and criteria for membership \r\nspecified in the Ordinance. The first Senate so constituted shall initiate, as soon as possible the process \r\nfor the recruitment of University Teachers add appointment of the members of the Syndicate and the \r\nAcademic Council in accordance with the terms of this Ordinance. The University Teachers to be \r\nappointed to the first Senate shall be appointed as soon as the procedure prescribed for appointment of \r\nUniversity Teachers to the Senate has be complied with. The term  of tenure provided in sub -section \r\n(4)of section 16 notwithstanding, one-third of the members, other than ex officio members, of the first \r\nSenate, to be determined by lot, shall retire from office on the expiration of one year from the date of \r\nappointment by the Chancellor. One -half of the remaining members, other than ex officio members, \r\nof the first Senate, to be determined by lot, shall retire from office on the expiration of two years from \r\nthe-date of appointment and the remaining one -half, other than ex officio members, shall retire from \r\noffice on the expiration of the third year. \r\n(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Ordinance, as regards a University, set up \r\nafter the promulgation date hereof, the first Vice-Chancellor shall be appointed by the Chancellor for \r\na period of three years. \r\n42. Removal of difficulties.___ (1) If any question arises as to the interpretation of any of \r\nthe provisions of the Ordinance, it shall be placed before the Chancellor whose decision thereon shall \r\nbe final. \r\n(2) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to any of the provisions of the Ordinance, the \r\nChancellor may make such order after obtaining the views of the Senate, not inconsistent with the \r\nprovisions of the Ordinance, as may appear to trim to be necessary for removing the difficulty. \r\n(3) Where the Ordinance makes any provision for anything to be done but no provision or \r\nno sufficient provision has been made-as respects the authority by whom, or the time at which, or the \r\nmanner in which, it shall be done, then it  shall be done by such authority, at such time, or in such \r\nmanner as the Chancellor may direct after obtaining the views of the Senate. \r\n \r\n \r\n43. Indemnity.___No suit or legal proceedings shall lie Government, the University or any \r\nAuthority, officer or employee of Government or the University or any person in respect of any thing \r\nwhich done in good faith under the Ordinance. \r\n44. Power to allow appointment of employees a Government, other universities or \r\neducational or research institutions to the University.___(1) Notwithstanding any thing contained in \r\nthe Ordinance the Senate may on the of the Syndicate, allow any post in the University to be filled by \r\nappointment, on such terms as the Senate may specify, an employee of the Government or any other \r\nuniversity or educational or research institution. \r\n(2) Where any appointment has been made under this section, the terms and conditions of \r\nservice of the appointee shall not be less favourable than those admissible to him immediately before \r\nsuch appointment and he shall be entitled to all benefits of his post of service. \r\nSCHEDULE \r\n(See sub-section (2) of section 2) \r\nList of existing Universities to which this Ordinance may be applied through notification in the official \r\nGazette. \r\n1.  Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. \r\n2. National University of Modem Languages, Islamabad. \r\n3.  Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. \r\n4.  Bahria University, Islamabad. \r\n5. Air University, Islamabad. \r\n6.  Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences & Technology, Rawalpindi  \r\n7.  National University of Sciences & Technology, Rawalpindi/Islamabad",
  "passage_offset_convention": "zero-based Unicode code points and UTF8 bytes; end exclusive",
  "passages": [
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-0-1768:948d06a25ec429bb0c6ec61f193da53695e6fdd685b7b265977f3cfb935c6239",
      "character_start": 0,
      "character_end": 1768,
      "utf8_byte_start": 0,
      "utf8_byte_end": 1768,
      "passage_sha256": "948d06a25ec429bb0c6ec61f193da53695e6fdd685b7b265977f3cfb935c6239",
      "reader_fragment": "p-0-1768-948d06a25ec429bb"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-1768-3525:d808dda603660ecf6d27b7c2ae1aa20a8f8966a7656f88f5402f9641c752b079",
      "character_start": 1768,
      "character_end": 3525,
      "utf8_byte_start": 1768,
      "utf8_byte_end": 3581,
      "passage_sha256": "d808dda603660ecf6d27b7c2ae1aa20a8f8966a7656f88f5402f9641c752b079",
      "reader_fragment": "p-1768-3525-d808dda603660ecf"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-3525-5315:cc2f66c1e165a462da5eabba86ba7b01087450436249558a58531c94f232bd3f",
      "character_start": 3525,
      "character_end": 5315,
      "utf8_byte_start": 3581,
      "utf8_byte_end": 5427,
      "passage_sha256": "cc2f66c1e165a462da5eabba86ba7b01087450436249558a58531c94f232bd3f",
      "reader_fragment": "p-3525-5315-cc2f66c1e165a462"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-5315-7022:f67e0d948f1f33624fed4c9384fbcf8aadaa0215e022724806fae0a3c073fb55",
      "character_start": 5315,
      "character_end": 7022,
      "utf8_byte_start": 5427,
      "utf8_byte_end": 7134,
      "passage_sha256": "f67e0d948f1f33624fed4c9384fbcf8aadaa0215e022724806fae0a3c073fb55",
      "reader_fragment": "p-5315-7022-f67e0d948f1f3362"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-7022-8775:6b8a049afb65eea1299d115ee3e543088e53aa3fb0eb34d67c3a447aee3df7f3",
      "character_start": 7022,
      "character_end": 8775,
      "utf8_byte_start": 7134,
      "utf8_byte_end": 8887,
      "passage_sha256": "6b8a049afb65eea1299d115ee3e543088e53aa3fb0eb34d67c3a447aee3df7f3",
      "reader_fragment": "p-7022-8775-6b8a049afb65eea1"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-8775-10496:ba280f060c79646fe341e4fc9a09962fc734fd96ec3f416398b8502478a2d0bb",
      "character_start": 8775,
      "character_end": 10496,
      "utf8_byte_start": 8887,
      "utf8_byte_end": 10608,
      "passage_sha256": "ba280f060c79646fe341e4fc9a09962fc734fd96ec3f416398b8502478a2d0bb",
      "reader_fragment": "p-8775-10496-ba280f060c79646f"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-10496-12279:ec505afe0f135195be6ff06e872dafc8c9e5673a7e4f507fa00d3c852878a55d",
      "character_start": 10496,
      "character_end": 12279,
      "utf8_byte_start": 10608,
      "utf8_byte_end": 12391,
      "passage_sha256": "ec505afe0f135195be6ff06e872dafc8c9e5673a7e4f507fa00d3c852878a55d",
      "reader_fragment": "p-10496-12279-ec505afe0f135195"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-12279-14034:dbd78082a8528fda8b5eb4268110935cbd847e299b110ab7358ec0ed1bf4c9f7",
      "character_start": 12279,
      "character_end": 14034,
      "utf8_byte_start": 12391,
      "utf8_byte_end": 14146,
      "passage_sha256": "dbd78082a8528fda8b5eb4268110935cbd847e299b110ab7358ec0ed1bf4c9f7",
      "reader_fragment": "p-12279-14034-dbd78082a8528fda"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-14034-15798:0a4b7ebcc2c3317317ec28a87fc9b06847fcb4eca2a841e2a55e92f813645a8f",
      "character_start": 14034,
      "character_end": 15798,
      "utf8_byte_start": 14146,
      "utf8_byte_end": 15910,
      "passage_sha256": "0a4b7ebcc2c3317317ec28a87fc9b06847fcb4eca2a841e2a55e92f813645a8f",
      "reader_fragment": "p-14034-15798-0a4b7ebcc2c33173"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-15798-17553:f3aed22adf8fc751d9a87b36fef3e3316a7a231ea3b2f3eb1ce258da68c18479",
      "character_start": 15798,
      "character_end": 17553,
      "utf8_byte_start": 15910,
      "utf8_byte_end": 17665,
      "passage_sha256": "f3aed22adf8fc751d9a87b36fef3e3316a7a231ea3b2f3eb1ce258da68c18479",
      "reader_fragment": "p-15798-17553-f3aed22adf8fc751"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-17553-19263:80d39f2179af0151a768d4d773015e2e01eb764c4d6203fec76a995acf0aa10c",
      "character_start": 17553,
      "character_end": 19263,
      "utf8_byte_start": 17665,
      "utf8_byte_end": 19377,
      "passage_sha256": "80d39f2179af0151a768d4d773015e2e01eb764c4d6203fec76a995acf0aa10c",
      "reader_fragment": "p-17553-19263-80d39f2179af0151"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-19263-21055:5d8f8a9f505f54f6a32c6b9820628843ffaed4e8e51b1c86300046d8da9e58c2",
      "character_start": 19263,
      "character_end": 21055,
      "utf8_byte_start": 19377,
      "utf8_byte_end": 21171,
      "passage_sha256": "5d8f8a9f505f54f6a32c6b9820628843ffaed4e8e51b1c86300046d8da9e58c2",
      "reader_fragment": "p-19263-21055-5d8f8a9f505f54f6"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-21055-22838:234aa0e0498062414a72bfc36f5114993c10f6465af82e2ca07f407464702608",
      "character_start": 21055,
      "character_end": 22838,
      "utf8_byte_start": 21171,
      "utf8_byte_end": 22958,
      "passage_sha256": "234aa0e0498062414a72bfc36f5114993c10f6465af82e2ca07f407464702608",
      "reader_fragment": "p-21055-22838-234aa0e049806241"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-22838-24636:3682a001e0605ddcd4009e254ae17b21e67afc4db27260a7abb5420d791ad549",
      "character_start": 22838,
      "character_end": 24636,
      "utf8_byte_start": 22958,
      "utf8_byte_end": 24758,
      "passage_sha256": "3682a001e0605ddcd4009e254ae17b21e67afc4db27260a7abb5420d791ad549",
      "reader_fragment": "p-22838-24636-3682a001e0605ddc"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-24636-26428:4cf88e30553c97f4dc10e1669f1982080840a91a424dc315560e2808ccb1aeb2",
      "character_start": 24636,
      "character_end": 26428,
      "utf8_byte_start": 24758,
      "utf8_byte_end": 26550,
      "passage_sha256": "4cf88e30553c97f4dc10e1669f1982080840a91a424dc315560e2808ccb1aeb2",
      "reader_fragment": "p-24636-26428-4cf88e30553c97f4"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-26428-28209:8744b185dca28ea7e2616d624006f857c585e33014ed836005732fb4f113895f",
      "character_start": 26428,
      "character_end": 28209,
      "utf8_byte_start": 26550,
      "utf8_byte_end": 28331,
      "passage_sha256": "8744b185dca28ea7e2616d624006f857c585e33014ed836005732fb4f113895f",
      "reader_fragment": "p-26428-28209-8744b185dca28ea7"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-28209-29936:7463575b8a17db96732cc9aa09a5ce4ef8994c47b692656fc5d0f682f41d5913",
      "character_start": 28209,
      "character_end": 29936,
      "utf8_byte_start": 28331,
      "utf8_byte_end": 30058,
      "passage_sha256": "7463575b8a17db96732cc9aa09a5ce4ef8994c47b692656fc5d0f682f41d5913",
      "reader_fragment": "p-28209-29936-7463575b8a17db96"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-29936-31699:774851f6a3afacd9e3ac538557fa6407ca5141c81aa0a392155aeaa3049a782e",
      "character_start": 29936,
      "character_end": 31699,
      "utf8_byte_start": 30058,
      "utf8_byte_end": 31821,
      "passage_sha256": "774851f6a3afacd9e3ac538557fa6407ca5141c81aa0a392155aeaa3049a782e",
      "reader_fragment": "p-29936-31699-774851f6a3afacd9"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-31699-33496:de87e2be23295c91b060c29a16b258827c533d0eec6e661307b68ff8f4eedb11",
      "character_start": 31699,
      "character_end": 33496,
      "utf8_byte_start": 31821,
      "utf8_byte_end": 33618,
      "passage_sha256": "de87e2be23295c91b060c29a16b258827c533d0eec6e661307b68ff8f4eedb11",
      "reader_fragment": "p-31699-33496-de87e2be23295c91"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-33496-35289:de0fe6a6fd97b47a64e4b1c87bbd144247dc10a80928b0a1742689b9bdd71e1d",
      "character_start": 33496,
      "character_end": 35289,
      "utf8_byte_start": 33618,
      "utf8_byte_end": 35413,
      "passage_sha256": "de0fe6a6fd97b47a64e4b1c87bbd144247dc10a80928b0a1742689b9bdd71e1d",
      "reader_fragment": "p-33496-35289-de0fe6a6fd97b47a"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-35289-37082:5c04225d991aba8b4418e64abde378953196e3a8f984b921a3fe35c44211e486",
      "character_start": 35289,
      "character_end": 37082,
      "utf8_byte_start": 35413,
      "utf8_byte_end": 37206,
      "passage_sha256": "5c04225d991aba8b4418e64abde378953196e3a8f984b921a3fe35c44211e486",
      "reader_fragment": "p-35289-37082-5c04225d991aba8b"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-37082-38872:7f15df6cc3ad4631d4f27cc3de7650c9e1061f5b9fa107c7ba08ee0a78be1f02",
      "character_start": 37082,
      "character_end": 38872,
      "utf8_byte_start": 37206,
      "utf8_byte_end": 38996,
      "passage_sha256": "7f15df6cc3ad4631d4f27cc3de7650c9e1061f5b9fa107c7ba08ee0a78be1f02",
      "reader_fragment": "p-37082-38872-7f15df6cc3ad4631"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-38872-40630:e595b2ef431d251d150fcc1fdccbcba82c39c20d9fa8c7110c7483408151e2b4",
      "character_start": 38872,
      "character_end": 40630,
      "utf8_byte_start": 38996,
      "utf8_byte_end": 40754,
      "passage_sha256": "e595b2ef431d251d150fcc1fdccbcba82c39c20d9fa8c7110c7483408151e2b4",
      "reader_fragment": "p-38872-40630-e595b2ef431d251d"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-40630-42409:6f4a61b76b640cbf0c83e7527ff4802c95927608993e0f285cf59642798aa738",
      "character_start": 40630,
      "character_end": 42409,
      "utf8_byte_start": 40754,
      "utf8_byte_end": 42533,
      "passage_sha256": "6f4a61b76b640cbf0c83e7527ff4802c95927608993e0f285cf59642798aa738",
      "reader_fragment": "p-40630-42409-6f4a61b76b640cbf"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-42409-44159:aa94382cf37029373c53f7e9690d8e920ff6de0bea0f041e74e4682abec8968a",
      "character_start": 42409,
      "character_end": 44159,
      "utf8_byte_start": 42533,
      "utf8_byte_end": 44283,
      "passage_sha256": "aa94382cf37029373c53f7e9690d8e920ff6de0bea0f041e74e4682abec8968a",
      "reader_fragment": "p-42409-44159-aa94382cf3702937"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-44159-45917:defe9b1a738acaafbaaf4f71bb2b8d40fb8fe53e3aadae012c6a458c593399ac",
      "character_start": 44159,
      "character_end": 45917,
      "utf8_byte_start": 44283,
      "utf8_byte_end": 46041,
      "passage_sha256": "defe9b1a738acaafbaaf4f71bb2b8d40fb8fe53e3aadae012c6a458c593399ac",
      "reader_fragment": "p-44159-45917-defe9b1a738acaaf"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-45917-47696:764cb1c2b594e977132dddc5061ef10f981e8d45fcf758aa8bd8178657f9fd1c",
      "character_start": 45917,
      "character_end": 47696,
      "utf8_byte_start": 46041,
      "utf8_byte_end": 47820,
      "passage_sha256": "764cb1c2b594e977132dddc5061ef10f981e8d45fcf758aa8bd8178657f9fd1c",
      "reader_fragment": "p-45917-47696-764cb1c2b594e977"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-47696-49440:6d0e65c84d6ec5c19c6d37d3017516c23d34f58754cf2ffeeeb1870f3a46050c",
      "character_start": 47696,
      "character_end": 49440,
      "utf8_byte_start": 47820,
      "utf8_byte_end": 49564,
      "passage_sha256": "6d0e65c84d6ec5c19c6d37d3017516c23d34f58754cf2ffeeeb1870f3a46050c",
      "reader_fragment": "p-47696-49440-6d0e65c84d6ec5c1"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-49440-51223:50ff7ebb12a08d98e5ea076c18ef4410c99e7af6e2fbf057ecf1d3a98fb16016",
      "character_start": 49440,
      "character_end": 51223,
      "utf8_byte_start": 49564,
      "utf8_byte_end": 51347,
      "passage_sha256": "50ff7ebb12a08d98e5ea076c18ef4410c99e7af6e2fbf057ecf1d3a98fb16016",
      "reader_fragment": "p-49440-51223-50ff7ebb12a08d98"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-51223-53006:b61e63097efd203e86b4ed7e619751c75f5b9357a2d54bafb01be3df62aed2ed",
      "character_start": 51223,
      "character_end": 53006,
      "utf8_byte_start": 51347,
      "utf8_byte_end": 53132,
      "passage_sha256": "b61e63097efd203e86b4ed7e619751c75f5b9357a2d54bafb01be3df62aed2ed",
      "reader_fragment": "p-51223-53006-b61e63097efd203e"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-53006-54758:95ab607dca57a2cfee0a53b45b23ac6420c4459bc85dd385807d9678cbc8cec4",
      "character_start": 53006,
      "character_end": 54758,
      "utf8_byte_start": 53132,
      "utf8_byte_end": 54886,
      "passage_sha256": "95ab607dca57a2cfee0a53b45b23ac6420c4459bc85dd385807d9678cbc8cec4",
      "reader_fragment": "p-53006-54758-95ab607dca57a2cf"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-54758-56501:65353abca7462c0603ecb41c0011bb89d93b6737e28479f6f7c584b2a6d463f2",
      "character_start": 54758,
      "character_end": 56501,
      "utf8_byte_start": 54886,
      "utf8_byte_end": 56629,
      "passage_sha256": "65353abca7462c0603ecb41c0011bb89d93b6737e28479f6f7c584b2a6d463f2",
      "reader_fragment": "p-54758-56501-65353abca7462c06"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-56501-58210:b175d8e33ae2436f906dc105b6b9712943ff1e27367adc156460b89a13ea03a7",
      "character_start": 56501,
      "character_end": 58210,
      "utf8_byte_start": 56629,
      "utf8_byte_end": 58338,
      "passage_sha256": "b175d8e33ae2436f906dc105b6b9712943ff1e27367adc156460b89a13ea03a7",
      "reader_fragment": "p-56501-58210-b175d8e33ae2436f"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-58210-59932:87e0cea4929f24e63f42c4e9f2078208ca2d6ad2b96574927799ded097ff8d62",
      "character_start": 58210,
      "character_end": 59932,
      "utf8_byte_start": 58338,
      "utf8_byte_end": 60060,
      "passage_sha256": "87e0cea4929f24e63f42c4e9f2078208ca2d6ad2b96574927799ded097ff8d62",
      "reader_fragment": "p-58210-59932-87e0cea4929f24e6"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-59932-61700:91f8092e57f58e846f6db0ad6fbaf7b613490b41346dffab53ba1a66e9771c93",
      "character_start": 59932,
      "character_end": 61700,
      "utf8_byte_start": 60060,
      "utf8_byte_end": 61830,
      "passage_sha256": "91f8092e57f58e846f6db0ad6fbaf7b613490b41346dffab53ba1a66e9771c93",
      "reader_fragment": "p-59932-61700-91f8092e57f58e84"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-61700-63473:fa3fb5896f176d1cd5b0afc0c11c7162fdc3c06939dd2e8cb7702755d51b7659",
      "character_start": 61700,
      "character_end": 63473,
      "utf8_byte_start": 61830,
      "utf8_byte_end": 63603,
      "passage_sha256": "fa3fb5896f176d1cd5b0afc0c11c7162fdc3c06939dd2e8cb7702755d51b7659",
      "reader_fragment": "p-61700-63473-fa3fb5896f176d1c"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-63473-65267:2f0632ccccc325c823e0ad74fa60221ab9b45bc80ba4a14fee366caf2d0d57cd",
      "character_start": 63473,
      "character_end": 65267,
      "utf8_byte_start": 63603,
      "utf8_byte_end": 65397,
      "passage_sha256": "2f0632ccccc325c823e0ad74fa60221ab9b45bc80ba4a14fee366caf2d0d57cd",
      "reader_fragment": "p-63473-65267-2f0632ccccc325c8"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-65267-66996:a3a42e2546e471675cce72be921d07bea6bca90d0fa620966da71619b67331e8",
      "character_start": 65267,
      "character_end": 66996,
      "utf8_byte_start": 65397,
      "utf8_byte_end": 67128,
      "passage_sha256": "a3a42e2546e471675cce72be921d07bea6bca90d0fa620966da71619b67331e8",
      "reader_fragment": "p-65267-66996-a3a42e2546e47167"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-66996-68700:b35eb71e167010557040704f84bdb2cd6b81e25890c7f1af8d58f7d8db7405f4",
      "character_start": 66996,
      "character_end": 68700,
      "utf8_byte_start": 67128,
      "utf8_byte_end": 68832,
      "passage_sha256": "b35eb71e167010557040704f84bdb2cd6b81e25890c7f1af8d58f7d8db7405f4",
      "reader_fragment": "p-66996-68700-b35eb71e16701055"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-af16b2232f9d706e:sha256:2dd2215c362050995ae53f55fe38e299c88b33f788017a8e4c4dafd99bb93cc9:chars-68700-70376:6798e2f7836f69c09a8fde81578e972b24c013b253a13cf01728d7b86c80e568",
      "character_start": 68700,
      "character_end": 70376,
      "utf8_byte_start": 68832,
      "utf8_byte_end": 70508,
      "passage_sha256": "6798e2f7836f69c09a8fde81578e972b24c013b253a13cf01728d7b86c80e568",
      "reader_fragment": "p-68700-70376-6798e2f7836f69c0"
    }
  ]
}