{
  "schema_version": "qanun-law-text/1",
  "id": "pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8",
  "title": "Virtual University Ordinance, 2002",
  "source_collection": "Federal",
  "content_kind": "stored_law_text",
  "content_extent": null,
  "source_url": "https://pakistancode.gov.pk/alpha/UY2FqaJw1-apaUY2Fqa-apaUY2Fta5c%3D-sg-jjjjjjjjjjjjj",
  "version": null,
  "source_snapshot": null,
  "legal_status": "not independently verified",
  "text_quality": "Complete stored UTF-8 TXT file recovered byte-for-byte from owned Drive. Source transcription retained verbatim; legal completeness, OCR accuracy and current consolidation unverified.",
  "text_sha256": "43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03",
  "source_sha256": "43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03",
  "text_version_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03",
  "quality_flags": [],
  "encoding": "UTF-8",
  "text": "Page 1 of 26 \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\nVIRTUAL UNIVERSITY ORDINANCE, 2002 \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\nCONTENTS \r\n1.  Short title and commencement \r\n2.  Definitions \r\n3.  Establishment and Incorporation of the University \r\n4.  Power and functions of the University \r\n5.  University open to all classes, creeds, etc \r\n6.  Teaching and examinations \r\n7.  Officers of the University \r\n8.  Chancellor \r\n9.  Visitation \r\n10.  Rector \r\n11.  Powers and functions of Rector \r\n12.  Registrar \r\n13.  Director Finance \r\n14:  Controller of Examinations \r\n15.  University Auditor \r\n16,  Other officers \r\n17.  Authorities of the University \r\n18.  Board \r\n19.  Powers and functions of the Board \r\n \r\n \r\n\r\n \r\nPage 2 of 26 \r\n \r\n20.  Meetings of the Board \r\n21.  Executive Council \r\n22.  Powers and functions of the Council \r\n23.  Academic Council \r\n24.  Powers and functions of the Academic Council \r\n25.  Academic and administrative staff \r\n26.  University fund, audit and accounts \r\n27.  Statutes \r\n28.  Regulations \r\n29.  Amendment and repeal of statutes and regulations \r\n30.  Rules \r\n31.  First Schedule \r\n32.  Constitution \r\n33.  Appointment of Committees by certain authorities \r\n34.  General provisions \r\n35.  Indemnity and bar of jurisdiction \r\n36.  Removal of difficulties \r\nSCHEDULE \r\n \r\n[See section 31] \r\n1.  The faculties  \r\n2.  Dean of Faculty \r\n3.  Teaching Departments and Heads of the Department \r\n4.  Board of Studies  \r\n5.  Functions of the Board of Studies \r\n6.  Advanced Studies and Research Board \r\n7.  Functions of Board of Advanced Studies and Research \r\n \r\nPage 3 of 26 \r\n \r\n8.  Selection Board \r\n9. Functions of the Selection Board \r\n10. Finance and Planning Council \r\n11.  Functions of the Finance and Planning Council \r\n12.  Affiliation Committee \r\n13.  Functions of the Affiliation Committee \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\nPage 4 of 26 \r\n \r\nVIRTUAL UNIVERSITY ORDINANCE, 2002 \r\nORDINANCE LII OF 2002 \r\nAn Ordinance to provide for establishment of Virtual University of Pakistan \r\nWHEREAS it is expedient to provide for the establishment of the Virtual University and for \r\nmatters ancillary thereto;  \r\nAND WHEREAS the President is satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary \r\nto take immediate action;  \r\nNow, THEREFORE, in pursuance of the Proclamation of Emergency of the fourteenth day of \r\nOctober, 1999, and Provisional Constitution Order No. 1 of 1999, read with the Provisional \r\nConstitution (Amendment) Order No. 9 of 1999, and in exercise of all powers enabling him in that \r\nbehalf, the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is pleased to make and promulgate the \r\nfollowing Ordinance:___ \r\n1. Short title and commencement:___( 1) This Ordinance maybe called the Virtual University \r\nOrdinance. 2002. \r\n(2) It shall come into force at once. \r\n2. Definitions:___(1) In this Ordinance, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or \r\ncontext— \r\n(a)  “Academic Council” means the Academic Council of the University;  \r\n(b)  “affiliated colleges and institutes” means an educational institution affiliated to \r\nbut not maintained or administered by the university; \r\n(c)  “Authority” means any of the Authority of the University specified in this \r\nOrdinance;  \r\n(d)  “Board” means the Board of Governors of the University; \r\n(e)  “Chairman” means Chairman of Board;  \r\n(f)  “Chancellor” means the Chancellor of the University;  \r\n(g)  “Commission” means University Grants Commission or its successor;  \r\n(h)  “Controller Examination” means Controller of Examination of the University;  \r\n(i)  “Dean” means the Dean of a Faculty of the University;  \r\n(j)  “Director” means the Director of a Management Division of the University;  \r\n(k)  “Educational Institution” means an institution imparting instructions in a \r\nsubject or subjects relating to a faculty;  \r\n \r\nPage 5 of 26 \r\n \r\n(l)  “Executive Council” means the Executive Council of the University;  \r\n(m)  “Faculty” means a Faculty of the University;  \r\n(n)  “Government” means the Government of Pakistan;  \r\n(o)  “Head” means Head of a Teaching Department of the University;  \r\n(p)  “prescribed” means prescribed by statutes, regulations or rules;  \r\n(q)  “Principal” means head of an affiliated college or institute;  \r\n(r)  “Rector” means the Rector of the University;  \r\n(s)  “Registered graduate” means the graduates of the University:  \r\n(t)  “Registrar” means the Registrar of the University;  \r\n(u)  “teaching departments” means a teaching department of the University;  \r\n(v)  “University” means the Virtual University of Pakistan; and  \r\n(w)  “University Teacher” means Professors, Associate Professors, Assistant \r\nProfessors, Lecturers, Tutors and research staff” engaged by the University for \r\nteaching undergraduate, postgraduate, honors classes or programs and includes \r\nsuch other persons as may be declared as Teachers by regulations. \r\n3. Establishment and Incorporation of the University:___(1) There shall be established a \r\nUniversity to be called the Virtual University of Pakistan with its principal seat at Islamabad. \r\n(2) The University shall consist of— \r\n(a)  Chancellor, Rector, Board, Academic Council, Executive Council, Directors, \r\nDeans, Heads of teaching departments, Registrar, Controller of Examinations \r\nand such other officers as may be prescribed;  \r\n(b)  members off such other authorities, committees and bodies as the Board may \r\nconstitute or authorize from time to time;  \r\n(c)  teachers of the University and its campuses;  \r\n(d)  such other officers and members of the staff as tray be determined by the Board \r\nfrom time to time. \r\n(3) The University shall be a body corporate by the name of the “Virtual University of Pakistan” \r\nand shall have perpetual succession and a common seal, with powers to acquire, hold and dispose of \r\nany property or investments and shall in the said name sue and be sued. \r\n \r\nPage 6 of 26 \r\n \r\n(4) The principal seat of the University will be at Islamabad, and it may set up any number of \r\ncampuses, virtual campuses or study centers at such laces in or outside Pakistan as the Board may \r\ndetermine: \r\nProvided that for setting up of campuses or study centers outside Pakistan, the approval of the \r\nFederal Government shall be required. \r\n4. Power and functions of the University:___ (1) The University may— \r\n(a)  provide, amongst of others, for instruction and training in information \r\ntechnology, business and management and emerging sciences and in such allied \r\nand non-allied branches of learning as it may deem fit, and to make provisions \r\nfor research, demonstration and other services and for the advancement and \r\ndissemination of knowledge in such manner as it may determine;  \r\n(b)  provide life long learning, deliver courses and provide educational facilities to \r\na large segment of the population at designated campuses, places of work and \r\nresidences through the integration of satellite, television, Internet and intranets \r\nand emerging technology etc., or through conventional methods;  \r\n(c)  prescribe courses of study in such branches of learning as the University may \r\ndetermine;  \r\n(d)  admit and examine students;  \r\n(e)  hold examinations and to confer or award degrees, diplomas, certificates and \r\nother academic distinctions on and to persons who have passed its examinations \r\nunder prescribed conditions;  \r\n(f)  supervise and control the discipline of the students of the University and the \r\naffiliated colleges and institutes with special focus on virtual education;  \r\n(g)  select and promote faculties;  \r\n(h)  establish teaching departments, schools, colleges, faculties, institutes, museums \r\nand other centers of learning for the development of teaching and research and \r\nto make such arrangements for their maintenance, management and \r\nadministration as it may determine with special focus on virtual education;  \r\n(i)  confer honorary degrees;  \r\n(j)  establish and support other facilities for education, training and research;  \r\n(k)  decide virtual teaching methods and strategies in order to ensure the most \r\neffective educational and training programmes;  \r\n(l)  enter into agreements, contracts and arrangements with organizations, \r\ninstitutions, bodies and individuals for carrying out its functions and activities;  \r\n \r\nPage 7 of 26 \r\n \r\n(m)  affiliate or associate itself with other institutions for effective discharge of its \r\nfunctions and responsibilities;  \r\n(n)  cooperate with other universities and public authorities in such manner and for \r\nsuch purposes as it may determine;  \r\n(o)  inspect colleges and other educational institutions affiliated or seeking \r\naffiliation with it;  \r\n(p)  provide for the teaching of specified courses and training for persons not being \r\nthe students of the University and to grant certificates and diplomas to such \r\npersons;  \r\n(q)  recognize the examinations passed or the period of study spent at other \r\nuniversities or places of learning as equivalent to examinations or periods of \r\nstudy in the University or to withdraw such recognition;  \r\n(r)  provide Professorship, Associate Professorship, Assistant Professorship and \r\nLectureship, and any other posts and to appoint persons thereto;  \r\n(s)  provide and award fellowships, scholarships, exhibitions, bursaries, medals and \r\nprizes under prescribed conditions;  \r\n(t)  demand and receive such fees and other charges as it may determine;  \r\n(u)  receive and manage property transferred and grants, bequests, trusts, gifts, \r\ndonations, endowments or other contributions made to the University and to \r\ninvest any funds representing such property, grants, bequests, trusts, gifts, \r\ndonations, endowments or contributions in such manner as it may deem fit;  \r\n(v)  undertake such research and to make provision for research and advisory \r\nservices with other institutions or with public bodies as it may determine;  \r\n(w)  provide for the printing and publication of research and other works;  \r\n(x)  appoint members of various bodies and committees for academic and \r\nadministrative activities;  \r\n(y)  create posts for officers and staff and make appointments against the same and \r\nprescribe terms and conditions, and powers and duties of such officers and staff; \r\nand  \r\n(z)  do all such other acts and things as may be necessary to further its objectives. \r\n5. University open to all classes, creeds, etc:___The University shall be open to persons of \r\neither sex and of whatever religion, race, class, creed, colour or domicile, or wherever located, who \r\nare academically qualified for admission -to the courses of study offered by the University and no such \r\nperson shall be denied the privileges of the University on the grounds only of sex, religion, creed, race, \r\nclass, colour or domicile. \r\n \r\nPage 8 of 26 \r\n \r\n6. Teaching and examinations:___(1) The academic programmes of the University shall be \r\nconducted in the prescribed manner. \r\n(2) No Bachelor’s level degree shall be granted unless a student has passed an examination in \r\nIslamic Studies and Pakistan Studies; a non-Muslim student may opt for Ethics in lieu of Islamic \r\nStudies. \r\n7. Officers of the University:___ (1) The following shall be the officers of the University, \r\nnamely; \r\n(a)  Chancellor;  \r\n(b)  Rector;  \r\n(c)  Registrar;  \r\n(d)  Deans;  \r\n(e)  Directors;  \r\n(f)  Chairpersons or Heads of the Teaching Departments;  \r\n(g)  Director Finance;  \r\n(h)  Controller of Examinations; and  \r\n(i)  Such ether persons as may be prescribed by the Regulations to be officers. \r\n8. Chancellor:___ (1) The President of Pakistan shall be the Chancellor of the University. \r\n(2) The Chancellor shall, when present, preside at the convocation of the University and in his \r\nabsence, the Rector shall preside at the convocation.  \r\n(3) Where the Chancellor is satisfied that the proceedings of any Authority are not in \r\naccordance with the provisions of this Ordinance, the Statutes, the, Regulations, or the Rules, he may, \r\nafter calling upon such Authority, cause notice to show why such proceedings should not be annulled, \r\nand by order in writing annul the proceedings.  \r\n(4) Every proposal, to confer an honorary degree, shall be subject to confirmation by the \r\nChancellor.  \r\n(5) The Chancellor shall have the powers to assent to such Statutes as are required to be \r\nsubmitted to him by the Board, withhold assent. or refer them back to the Board for reconsideration. \r\n9. Visitation:___ (1) The Chancellor may cause an inspection or inquiry to be made in respect \r\nof any matter connected with the affairs of the University and shall, from time to time, direct any \r\nperson or persons to inquire into or carry out inspection of___ \r\n(a)  the university, its buildings, laboratories, libraries, and other facilities.  \r\n \r\nPage 9 of 26 \r\n \r\n(b)  any institution, department, school, college or hostel maintained by the \r\nUniversity;  \r\n(c)  the adequacy of financial and human resources;  \r\n(d)  the teaching, research, curriculum, examinations and other matter of the \r\nUniversity; and,  \r\n(e)  such other matters as may be authorized, by him. \r\n(2) The Chancellor shall communicate, to the Board, his views with regard to the result of \r\nvisitation and shall, after ascertaining the views of the Board, advise the Board on the action to be \r\ntaken by it. \r\n10. Rector:___ (1) The Rector, who shall be an eminent scholar and an educationist of \r\ndistinction, shall be appointed by the Chancellor from at least three nominations made by the Board, \r\non such terms and conditions as the Chancellor may determine” \r\n(2) The Rector shall hold office for four years and shall be eligible for reappointment and the \r\nRector appointed before the promulgation of this Ordinance shall be considered to have beer, appointed \r\nin accordance with the provisions of this  \r\n(3) At any time when the office of the Rector is vacant, or the Rector is absent or is unable to \r\nperform the functions of his office due to illness or some other cause the Board shall take necessary \r\nsteps for smooth functioning of the University.  \r\n(4) The Rector shall be the Chief Executive and academic officer of the University and shall \r\nensure that the provisions, of this Ordinance, the Statutes, the Regulations and Rules are faithfully \r\nobserved in order to promote teaching, research, administration, general efficiency and good order of \r\nthe University, and shall have all powers necessary for this purpose, including administrative control \r\nover all, officers, teachers and other employees of the University.  \r\n(5) The Rector shall, in the absence of the Chancellor, preside at convocation of the University.  \r\n(6) The Rector may, in an emergency which in his opinion requires immediate action on part \r\nof the Board, and where a meeting of the Board is not imminent, take such action as he may consider \r\nnecessary and shall, as soon thereafter as possible, report his action for approval to the Board.  \r\n(7) The Rector may delegate, subject to such conditions, if any, as he may deem necessary, any \r\nof his powers under this Ordinance to an officer or officers of the University. \r\n11. Powers and functions of Rector:___The Rector shall— \r\n(a)  submit plans of work and budget estimates of the University for consideration \r\nof the Board;  \r\n(b)  direct the activities connected with the execution of programmes for instruction, \r\ntraining, research, demonstration, services to community, etc;  \r\n \r\nPage 10 of 26 \r\n \r\n(c)  authorize expenditure provided for in the approved budget;  \r\n(d)  re-appropriate funds within the approved budget and place report before the \r\nBoard in the next meeting;  \r\n(e)  be authorized to write-off articles up to a sum determined by the Board;  \r\n(f)  appoint, with the approval of the Board, all officers of the University with the \r\nexception of the Chancellor and Rector, and such other persons as may be \r\nnecessary in accordance with policies and procedures approved by the Board so \r\nas to ensure the highest intellectual and normal qualities in the persons \r\nappointed;  \r\n(g)  appoint, on the recommendation of the Selection Board, teachers, administrative \r\nand technical staff of the University;  \r\n(h)  appoint paper-setters and examiners for all examinations of the University after \r\nreceiving panels of names from the relevant Authorities;  \r\n(i)  make such arrangements for the scrutiny of papers, marks and results as he may \r\nconsider necessary;  \r\n(j)  direct teachers, officers and other employees of the University to take up such \r\nassignments in connection with teaching, research,examinations, administration \r\nand other activities in the University as he may consider necessary; \r\n(k)  submit to the Board in accordance with the rules of procedure made by it, reports \r\non the activities of the University and the execution of the plans of work;  \r\n(l)  create and fill temporary posts for a period not exceeding six months; and  \r\n(m)  undertake any work assigned by the Board. \r\n12. Registrar:___ (1) The Registrar shall be a full-time officer of the University and shall be \r\nappointed by the Board on such terms and conditions as it may determine. \r\n(2) The Registrar shall— \r\n(a)  be the custodian of the Common Seal and the academic records of the \r\nUniversity;  \r\n(b)  maintain a Register of Registered Graduates in the prescribed manner;  \r\n(c)  be the Secretary of the Board, the Executive Council and such other committees \r\nas may be determined; and  \r\n(d)  perform such other duties related to academic affairs as may be prescribed by \r\nthe Rector and other authorities of the University. \r\n \r\nPage 11 of 26 \r\n \r\n13. Director Finance:___ (1) The Director Finance shall be a full-time officer of the University \r\nand shall be appointed by .the Board on such terms and conditions as it may determine. \r\n(2) The Director Finance shall— \r\n(a)  manage the property, the finances and the investments of the University  \r\n(b)  prepare the annual and revised budget estimates of the University and present \r\nthem to the Finance and Planning Council and to the Board through the Rector;  \r\n(c)  ensure that the funds of the University are expended for the purposes for which \r\nthey are provided: and  \r\n(d)  perform such other ditties as may be prescribed. \r\n14: Controller of Examinations:___ (1) The Controller of Examinations shall be a full- time \r\nofficer of the University and shall be appointed by the Board on such terms and conditions as it may \r\ndetermine.  \r\n(2) The Controller of Examinations shall be responsible for all matters connected with the \r\nconduct of examinations and perform such other duties as may be prescribed. \r\n15. University Auditor:___There shall be a University Auditor who shall be appointed by the \r\nBoard, being a person who is a Chartered Accountant within the meaning of the Chartered Accountants \r\nAct, 1961 (X of 1961). \r\n16. Other officers:___Subject to the provisions of this Ordinance. the terms and conditions of \r\nservice and the powers and duties of other officers of the University shall be such as may be prescribed. \r\n17. Authorities of the University:___(1) The following shall -be the Authorities of the \r\nUniversity— \r\n(a)  Board;  \r\n(b)  Executive Council  \r\n(c)  Academic Council  \r\n(d)  Board of Studies;  \r\n(e)  Advanced Studies and Research Board;  \r\n(f)  Selection Board;  \r\n(g)  Finance and Planning Council;  \r\n(h)  Affiliation Committee; and  \r\n(i)  Such other authorities as may be prescribed by Statutes. \r\n \r\nPage 12 of 26 \r\n \r\n(2) The term of a member of an Authority appointed or nominated shall commence from the \r\nfirst meeting of the Authority thereafter. \r\n18. Board:___The general supervision and control of administrative academic and financial \r\naffairs and the power to lay down the policies of the University shall vest in the Board consisting of \r\nthe following members, namely:— \r\n(a) Secretary. Information Technology and \r\nTelecommunications Division, Ministry of Science and \r\nTechnology, Government of Pakistan; \r\n \r\nChairman \r\n(b) Rector; \r\n \r\nMember. \r\n(c) Secretary, Ministry of Education or his nominee not below \r\nthe rank of Joint Secretary;  \r\n \r\nMember. \r\n(d) Secretary, Ministry of Information and Media Development \r\nGovernment of Pakistan; \r\n \r\nMember. \r\n(e) Chairman of the Commission, or his nominee not below the \r\nrank of an officer of Basic Pay Scale 20; \r\n \r\nMember. \r\n(f) Chairman, National Telecommunications Corporation or his \r\nnominee not below the rank of an officer of Basic Pay Scale 20; \r\n \r\nMember. \r\n(g) one retired judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan appointed \r\nby the Chancellor from at least three nominations made by the \r\nChief Justice of Pakistan; \r\n \r\nMember. \r\n(h) one serving or retired Rector or Vice Chancellor of a public \r\nuniversity appointed by the Chancellor from at least three \r\nnominations made by the Nomination Committee; \r\n \r\nMember. \r\n(i) three eminent educationists or scientists not being employees \r\nof the University, appointed by the Chancellor from at least three \r\nnominations for each seat made by the Nomination  Committee; \r\n \r\nMember. \r\n(j) one expert from financial sector appointed by the Chancellor \r\nfrom at least three nominations made by the Nomination \r\nCommittee; \r\n \r\nMember. \r\n (k) one Dean of the University to be appointed by the \r\nChancellor from at least three nominations made by the \r\nNomination Committee; and \r\n \r\nMember. \r\n(1) The Registrar of the University; \r\n \r\nSecretary. \r\n \r\nPage 13 of 26 \r\n \r\n(2) The Members of the Board other than ex-officio members shall hold office for a term of \r\nthree years and shall be eligible for re-appointment on the expiry of their term unless the Chancellor \r\nterminates the membership earlier;  \r\n(3) The office of a nominated member of the Board shall become vacant if he resigns or fails \r\nto attend three consecutive meetings of the Board without sufficient cause or leave of absence;  \r\n(4) The nomination committee shall consist of Secretary Information Technology and \r\nTelecommunications Division. Chairman of the Commission and Rector.  \r\n(5) No act or proceedings of the Board shall be invalid by reason only of the existence of a \r\nVacancy in or any defect in the constitution of the Board. \r\n19. Powers and functions of the Board:___ (1) The Board may— \r\n(a)  formulate or approve the principles. policies and plans governing the activities \r\nand operations of the University so as to facilitate research, teaching and other \r\nacademic work;  \r\n(b)  create a component of the University such as faculties, departments, schools. \r\ncolleges and institutions under its jurisdiction and to constitute such standing \r\ncommittees, councils and other administrative or academic advisory bodies,” as \r\nit deems necessary, and review their work;  \r\n(c)  consider and approve annual budget plans of works or special capital \r\nexpenditure and Audited Accounts of the University:  \r\n(d)  create such academic or administrative posts as it may deem necessary and to \r\napprove appointments to such posts as it may specify;  \r\n(e)  consider and approve annual reports relating to the activities of the University \r\nand the execution of the plans of work and to direct the Rector to submit reports \r\nrelating to any matter specified by the Board;  \r\n(f)  make statutes, regulations and rules;  \r\n(g)  hold, control and administer the property, funds and resources of the University \r\nand to borrow or raise money for the purposes of the University upon such \r\nsecurity as may be required under the regulations;  \r\n(h)  govern and regulate the finances, accounts and investments of the University;  \r\n(i)  transfer and accept transfer of moveable or immovable property on behalf of the \r\nUniversity;  \r\n(j)  take all such initiatives as it may consider necessary or desirable for the efficient \r\nand effective management and functioning of the University;  \r\n \r\nPage 14 of 26 \r\n \r\n(k)  regulate, determine: and administer all other matters concerning the University \r\nand to this end exercise all other powers in this behalf not specifically mentioned \r\nin this Ordinance and the Statutes;  \r\n(l)  approve appointment of officers, teaching and administrative staff, in \r\nsupervisory grades;  \r\n(m)  recommend three nominees for appointment as Rector to the Chancellor at least \r\nthree months before the expiry of the term of Rector; and  \r\n(n)  perform such other functions as have been assigned to it by the other provisions \r\nof this Ordinance. \r\n(2) The Board may delegate any of its powers to the Rector subject to such conditions as it may \r\ndeem fit to impose. \r\n20. Meetings of the Board:___ (1) The Board shall meet at least twice a year on dates to be \r\nfixed by the Rector.  \r\n(2) A special meeting may be called at any time by the Chancellor or Rector or on a request by \r\nnot less than five members of the Board to consider any matter of urgent nature.  \r\n(3) In the case of a special meeting not less than ten clear days notice shall be given to the \r\nmembers of the Board and the agenda of the meeting shall be restricted to the matter for which the \r\nspecial meeting is called.  \r\n(4) The quorum for a meeting of the Board shall be one half of its members, a fraction being \r\ncounted as one.  \r\n(5) The decisions of the Board shall be expressed to terms of the views of the majority of the \r\nmembers present and voting and. If the members are equally divided, the Chairperson of the Board \r\nshall have and exercise a casting vote. \r\n21. Executive Council:___ (1) There shall be an Executive Council of the University consisting \r\nof the following, namely: \r\n(a)  Rector, who shall be the Chairman of the Council;  \r\n(b)  Deans of all the faculties;  \r\n(c)  Chairmen or Heads of Department of the University;  \r\n(d)  the Controller of the Examination;  \r\n(e)  the Director Finance;  \r\n(f)  the Registrar, who shall also be the Secretary of Council and  \r\n(g)  a nominee of the Board from among the members of the Board. \r\n \r\nPage 15 of 26 \r\n \r\n(2) The quorum for the meeting of the Council shall be one half of total number of the members, \r\na fraction being counted as one.  \r\n(3) The Chairperson may nominate any member of the Council to act as Chairperson in his \r\nabsence.  \r\n(4) The Council shall meet at least twice in a year on dates to be fixed by the Chairperson. \r\n22. Powers and functions of the Council:___ (1) The Council shall be the management body \r\nof the University and subject to the provisions of this Ordinance, shall deliberate, monitor and control \r\nvarious aspects related to the functioning of the University and recommend specific measures to the \r\nBoard for approval and it may; \r\n(a)  delineate priorities for education, training and research;  \r\n(b)  recommend allocation of funds for education, training and research;  \r\n(c)  approve the recommendations of the Academic Council of the University on all \r\nmatters relating to academics, including syllabi and duration of various courses;  \r\n(d)  approve appointment of teaching and administrative staff in non supervisory \r\ngrades;  \r\n(e)  lay down guidelines for proper and efficient conduct of various examinations of \r\nthe University;  \r\n(f)  recommend such measures which would foster and enhance interaction and \r\ncollaboration between the University and the existing national and international \r\norganizations, institutions and research centers and the industrial base;  \r\n(g)  oversee the financial management of the University; \r\n(h)  propose the fee structure for various programs or examinations of the \r\nUniversity; \r\n(i)  workout and approve affiliation measures or linkages with foreign universities \r\nand research institutions of repute;  \r\n(j)  approve the affiliation or disaffiliation of institutions;  \r\n(k)  recommend fellowships, scholarships, prizes, medals. honoraria and other \r\nfinancial assistance for students and research scholars:  \r\n(l)  propose statutes for approval of Board of the University;  \r\n(m)  prepare or have prepared and revised from time to time rules and regulations for \r\nthe efficient and effective operation of the University;  \r\n(n)  review and, propose measures for effective management and maintenance of \r\ndiscipline among students of the University; \r\n \r\nPage 16 of 26 \r\n \r\n(o)  prepare and finalize the annual report of the University;  \r\n(p)  review and assess them of instructions and research;  \r\n(q)  prepare plans for the welfare of students;  \r\n(r)  determine the academic needs of the University and advise the Board on the \r\nplanning and development of new and emerging disciplines; and  \r\n(s)  perform such other functions: not inconsistent with the provision of this \r\nOrdinance. as may either prescribed by Statutes. Rules or delegated by the \r\nBoard. \r\n23. Academic Council:___ (l) The Academic Council shall consist of— \r\n(a)  Rector of the University, who shall be the Chairman of the Academic Council:  \r\n(b)  all the Deans of the University;  \r\n(c)  all Professors of the University;  \r\n(d)  one nominee of Information Technology and Telecommunications Division, \r\nMinistry of Science and Technology, Government of Pakistan;  \r\n(e)  Chairmen or Heads of Teaching Departments;  \r\n(f)  Three persons of eminence in the branches of science and technology relevant \r\nto the University, to be nominated by the Board;  \r\n(g)  Controller of Examinations;  \r\n(h)  Registrar of the University; and  \r\n(i)  the senior most Dean of the University shall be the Secretary of the Academic \r\nCouncil; \r\n(2) The Board may co-opt any other person as member of the Academic Council as it may \r\ndeem appropriate.  \r\n(3) Members appointed by nomination shall hold office for a term of three years.  \r\n(4) The quorum for a meeting of the Academic Council shall be one third of the total number \r\nof members, a fraction being counted as one. \r\n24. Powers and functions of the Academic Council:___ (1) The Academic Council shall be \r\nthe academic body of the University and shall, subject to the provisions of this Ordinance and the \r\nStatutes, have the power to lay down proper standards of instruction, research, publication and \r\nexamination and to regulate and promote the academic life of the University and the its institutes and \r\ncampuses.  \r\n \r\nPage 17 of 26 \r\n \r\n(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing powers and subject to \r\nthe provision of this Ordinance and the Statutes, the Academic Council shall have the powers to— \r\n(a)  advise the Board on academic matters;  \r\n(b)  regulate the conduct of teaching, research, publications and examinations; \r\n(c)  regulate the admission of students to the courses of studies and examinations in \r\nthe University;  \r\n(d)  regulate the conduct and discipline of the students of the University:  \r\n(e)  propose to the Board scheme for the constitution and organization of Faculties \r\nand Teaching Departments;  \r\n(f)  formulate proposals for the Planning and Development of teaching and research \r\nin the University;  \r\n(g)  make regulations on recommendations of the Board of Studies prescribing the \r\ncourses of study and the syllabi for all University examinations;  \r\n(h)  regulate the award of studentships, scholarships, exhibitions, medals and prizes;  \r\n(i)  develop criterion for affiliation of colleges or institutes and recommend \r\naffiliation or disaffiliation of colleges and institutes to the Executive Council;  \r\n(j)  frame regulations for submission to the Executive Council;  \r\n(k)  appoint or nominate members to the various Authorities to accordance with the \r\nprovisions of the Ordinance; and  \r\n(l)  to perform such other functions as may be prescribed by statutes. \r\n25. Academic and administrative staff:___ (1) The academic and administrative staff of the \r\nUniversity shall be selected with a view to achieving its stated objectives and basic criteria for their \r\nselection shall be the highest standards of competence, integrity and efficiency. \r\n(2) In the case of academic staff, academic qualification and fringe benefits shall not be less \r\nthan those duly approved by the Commission for such appointments. \r\n26. University fund, audit and accounts:___ (1) The University shall have a Fund to which \r\nshall be credited income from fees, donations, trusts, bequests, endowments, grants, contributions and \r\nany other sources. \r\n(2) No contribution, donation or grant which may directly or indirectly involve any immediate \r\nor subsequent financial liability of the University, or which may involve an activity not included in its \r\nprogrammes for the time being, shall be accepted without the prior approval of the Board.  \r\n(3) The accounts of the University shall be maintained in such form and in such manner as may \r\nbe prescribed by rules.  \r\n \r\nPage 18 of 26 \r\n \r\n(4) No expenditure shall 4e made from the funds of the University unless the expenditure is \r\nincluded in the approved budget of the University.  \r\n(5) The accounts of the University shall be audited once a year by an Auditor appointed by the \r\nBoard for the purpose, and observations on the audited accounts, with such annotations as the Director \r\nFinance may make, shall be presented to the Board for consideration through the Finance and Planning \r\nCouncil.  \r\n(6) The accounts, together with the report of the auditor thereon, shall be submitted to the Board \r\nfor approval;  \r\n(7) The Auditor’s report shall certify that the Auditor has complied with the standards of audit \r\nand certification laid down by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan. \r\n27. Statutes:___ (1) Subject to the provisions of this Ordinance, Statutes may be made to \r\nregulate or prescribe all or any of the following matters, namely:- \r\n(a)  establishment of institutes and faculties;  \r\n(b)  pay and other terms and conditions of service of its employees;  \r\n(c)  pension, insurance, gratuity, provident, benevolent or any other fund and other \r\nfringe benefits for university employees;  \r\n(d)  efficiency and discipline of the University employees;  \r\n(e)  admission of educational institutions to the privileges of the University and the \r\nwithdrawal of such privileges;  \r\n(f)  powers and duties of officers and teachers;  \r\n(g)  conditions under which the University may enter into arrangements with other \r\ninstitutions or with public bodies for purposes of research and advisory services;  \r\n(h)  conditions for appointment of Professors Emeritus and award of honorary \r\ndegrees;  \r\n(i)  maintenance of the Register of Registered Graduates of the University;  \r\n(j)  the general scheme of studies including the duration of courses and the number \r\nof subjects and papers for an examination; and  \r\n(k)  all other matters which by this Ordinance are to be may be, prescribed or \r\nregulated by Statutes. \r\n(2) The Executive Council shall propose draft of the Statutes for approval by the Board, which \r\nmay approve them, or refer them back for reconsideration, and no Statute shall be valid until the Board \r\nhas approved it. \r\n \r\nPage 19 of 26 \r\n \r\nProvided that the Board shall not approve Statutes affecting the constitution or powers of any \r\nAuthority until such Authority has been given an opportunity of expressing an opinion in writing upon \r\na proposals. \r\n28. Regulations:___ (1) Subject to the provisions of this Ordinance and Statutes. Regulations \r\nmay be made for all or any of the following matters, namely:— \r\n(a)  courses of study for degrees, diplomas and certificates of the University and the \r\nexaminations appropriate to them;  \r\n(b)  admission of students to the University;  \r\n(c)  conditions under which students shall be admitted to the courses and the \r\nexaminations of the University and shall become eligible for the award of \r\ndegrees, diplomas and certificates;  \r\n(d)  conduct of examinations;  \r\n(e)  fees and other charges to be paid by the students for admission to the courses of \r\nstudy and examinations of the University;  \r\n(f)  conditions under which a person shall carry on independent research to entitle \r\nhim to a degree;  \r\n(g)  institution of fellowships, scholarships, exhibitions, medals and prizes;  \r\n(h)  institution of stipends and free and half-free studentships;  \r\n(i)  academic costume;  \r\n(j)  use of the library;  \r\n(k)  formation of Teaching Departments, Institutes and Boards of Study:  \r\n(l)  conduct and discipline of students of the University;  \r\n(m)  conditions of residence of the students of the University including the levying \r\nof fees for residence in halls of residence and hostels;  \r\n(n)  approval and licensing of hostels and lodgings;  \r\n(o)  code of ethics for teachers and other employees of the University; and  \r\n(p)  all other matters which are to be or may be prescribed by regulations. \r\n(2) The Academic Council shall propose the regulations for approval by the Executive Council.  \r\n29. Amendment and repeal of statutes and regulations:___The procedure for adding to \r\namending or repealing the Statutes and the Regulations shall be the same as that prescribed respectively \r\nfor the framing or making of Statutes and Regulations. \r\n \r\nPage 20 of 26 \r\n \r\n30. Rules:___ (1) The Authorities and other bodies of the University may make rules consistent \r\nwith this Ordinance, the Statute and the Regulations to regulate the conduct of their business and the \r\ntime and place of meetings and related matters.  \r\nProvided that the Board may direct amendment or the annulment of the rules made by another \r\nAuthority or body under this Section:  \r\nProvided further that, if such other Authority or body is dissatisfied with such direction, it may \r\napply for review to the Board whose decision in the matter shall be final.  \r\n(2) The Board may make rules to regulate any matter relating to the affairs of the University, \r\nwhich by this Ordinance is not specifically required to be provided for by statutes or Regulations. \r\n31. First Schedule:___Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Ordinance \r\nshall be deemed to be the Statutes framed under section 27 and shall remain in force until they are \r\namended or replaced by new Statutes framed in accordance with this Ordinance. \r\n32. Constitution functions and powers of authorities.—Subject to the provisions of this \r\nOrdinance, the constitution, functions and the powers of the authorities for which no specific provision \r\nhas been made in this Ordinance shall be such as- may be prescribed by Statutes. \r\n33. Appointment of Committees by certain authorities:___The Board, the Executive Council, \r\nthe Academic Council and any other authorities may from time to time, appoint such standing, special \r\nor advisory committees as they may deem fit and may appoint such persons on these committees who \r\nare not members of the authorities appointing the committees. \r\n34. General provisions:___The University shall have to work within the framework of the \r\nEducation Policy and other law or policy framed or amended by the Government from time to time. \r\n35. Indemnity and bar of jurisdiction:___No suit, prosecution or other proceeding shall lie \r\nagainst any person or authority for anything, which is in good faith done or intended to be done under \r\nthis Ordinance. \r\n36. Removal of difficulties:___(1) If any question arises as to the interpretation of any of the \r\nprovision of this Ordinance, it shall be placed before the Chancellor whose decision thereon shall be \r\nfinal. \r\n(2) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to any of the provisions of this Ordinance, the \r\nChancellor may make such order, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Ordinance, as may appear \r\nto him to be necessary for removing the difficulty. \r\n(3) Where this Ordinance makes any provision for anything to be done but no provision or no \r\nsufficient provision has been made in respect of the authority or the time at which it shall be done, then \r\nit shall be done by such authority, at such time, or in such manner as the Chancellor may direct. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\nPage 21 of 26 \r\n \r\nSCHEDULE \r\n \r\n[See section 31] \r\n1. The Faculties:___there shall .be a faculty for an Academic Department or a group of \r\nAcademic Departments, shall include the following faculties and such other faculties as may be \r\nprescribed by Statutes, namely:— \r\n(a)  Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology;  \r\n(b)  Faculty of Management;  \r\n(c)  Faculty of Science and Technology;  \r\n(d)  Faculty of Arts;  \r\n(e)  Faculty of Education;  \r\n(f)  Such other Faculties as may be determined by the Board. \r\n2. Dean of Faculty:___ (1) There shall be a Dean of each Faculty. \r\n(2) The Dean of each Faculty shall be appointed by the Board from amongst the three most \r\nsenior Professors of the Faculty on the recommendation of the Rector and shall hold office for a period \r\nof up to three years and shall be eligible for re-appointment.  \r\n(3) The Dean shall present candidates for admission to degree (except honorary Degrees) in \r\nthe courses falling within the purview of the faculty.  \r\n(4) The Dean shall have such powers and duties as may be determined by the Board on the \r\nrecommendations of the-Rector.  \r\n(5) The Dean shall exercise such administrative and academic powers as may be delegated to \r\nhim. \r\n3. Teaching Departments and Heads of the Department:___ (1) There shall be a Teaching \r\nDepartment for each subject or a group of subjects, as may be prescribed by Regulations, and each \r\nTeaching Department shall be headed by a Head of Department.  \r\n(2) The Head of a Teaching Department shall be appointed by the Executive Council on the \r\nrecommendations of the Rector from amongst three senior most Professors or Associate Professors of \r\nthe Teaching Department, other than Professors already working as Dean, for a period of three years \r\nand shall be eligible for re-appointment.  \r\nProvided that in a Teaching Department, in which there is no Professor or Associate Professor, \r\nno such appointment shall be made and the Teaching Department shall be looked after by the Dean of \r\nthe concerned Faculty, with the assistance of the senior most teacher of that department.  \r\n(3) The Head of the Teaching Department shall plan, organize and supervise the work of the \r\ndepartment and shall be responsible to the Dean for the work of his department.  \r\n \r\nPage 22 of 26 \r\n \r\n(4) The Head of the Teaching Department shall under the general supervision of the Rector and \r\nthe Dean, exercise all administrative, financial and academic powers and such other duties or powers \r\nas may be delegated to him.  \r\n(5). The Head of the Teaching Department shall prepare a comprehensive annual report on the \r\nperformance of the department at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and faculty research and \r\ndevelopment, and submit it to the Dean of the concerned Faculty for evaluation and submission to \r\nrelevant Authorities. \r\n4. Board of Studies:___ (1) There shall be a separate Board of Studies for each subject or group \r\nof subjects, as may be prescribed by the Regulations. \r\n(2) Each Board of Studies shall consist of- \r\n(a)  Head of the concerned Teaching Department who shall act as its Chairman and \r\nConvener;  \r\n(b)  all Professors and Associate Professors of the Teaching Department;  \r\n(c)  up to three teachers other than University teachers to be appointed by the \r\nAcademic Council and the number will be determined by the Academic Council \r\naccording to the needs of each Board; and  \r\n(d)  three experts to be appointed by the Rector. \r\n(3) The term of office of a member of the Board of Studies other than ex-officio member shall \r\nbe three years. \r\n(4) The quorum for a meeting of the Board of the Studies shall be one half of the total number \r\nof members, a fraction being counted as one. \r\n5. Functions of the Board of Studies:___The functions of the Board of Studies shall be: \r\n(a)  to advise the authorities on all academic matters connected with instruction, \r\nresearch and examination in the subject or subjects concerned;  \r\n(b)  to propose curricula and syllabi for all degrees, diplomas and certificate courses \r\nin the subject or subjects concerned;  \r\n(c)  to suggest a panel of names of paper setters and examiners in the subject or \r\nsubjects concerned; and  \r\n(d)  to perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the regulations. \r\n6. Advanced Studies and Research Board:___ (1) The Advanced Studies and Research Board \r\nshall consist of— \r\n(a)  Rector of the University, who shall be the Chairman;  \r\n(b)  all the Deans;  \r\n \r\nPage 23 of 26 \r\n \r\n(c)  one University Professor from each faculty, other than Dean, having research \r\nqualifications and experience, to be appointed by the Academic Council;  \r\n(d)  one University Professor from each faculty other than Dean to be appointed by \r\nthe Executive Council;  \r\n(e)  one member to be nominated by the Rector; and  \r\n(f)  two experts from Research and Development organizations to be nominated by \r\nthe Board; \r\n(2) The term of office of the members of the Advanced Studies and Research Roar, other than \r\nex-officio members, shall be three years.  \r\n(3) The quorum for a meeting of the Advanced Studies and Research Board shall be one half \r\nof the total number of members, a fraction being counted ac one.  \r\n(4) The Secretary of the Board shall be appointed by the Rector \r\n7. Functions of Board of Advanced Studies and Research:___The functions of the Board of \r\nAdvanced Studies and Research shall be to: \r\n(a)  advise the authorities on all matters connected with the promotion of advanced \r\nstudies, research and publications in the University;  \r\n(b)  consider and report to the Authorities on the institution of research degrees in \r\nthe University;  \r\n(c)  propose regulations regarding the award of research degrees;  \r\n(d)  appoint supervisors for postgraduate research students and to approve titles and \r\nsynopses of their thesis or dissertations;  \r\n(e)  recommend panels of examiners for evaluation of thesis and other, research \r\nexaminations after considering the proposals of the Board of Studies in this \r\nbehalf; and  \r\n(f)  perform such other functions as may be prescribed by Statutes. \r\n8. Selection Board:___The Selection Board shall consist of___ \r\n(a)  the Rector who shall be the Chairman of the Selection Board;  \r\n(b)  the Dean of the concerned Faculty;  \r\n(c)  the Head of the concerned Teaching Department or Management Division of \r\nthe University;  \r\n(d)  one member of the Board who snag not be an employee of the University, to be \r\nnominated by the Board;  \r\n \r\nPage 24 of 26 \r\n \r\n(e)  one eminent scholar who shall not be an employee of the University, to be \r\nnominated by the Board; and  \r\n(f)  one expert to be nominated by the Ministry of Science and Technology. \r\n(2) The Director (Admin) shall be the Secretary of the Selection Board.  \r\n(3) The members other than ex-officio members shall hold office for free years.  \r\n(4) The quorum for a meeting of the Selection Board shall be four.  \r\n (5) No member who is a candidate for the post to which appointment is to be made shall take \r\npart in the proceedings of the Board and, similarly, the Head of the Teaching Department who is not a \r\nProfessor of the University shall not take part in the proceedings of the Selection Board for \r\nappointment of a Professor.  \r\n(6) In selecting candidates for the posts of Professors and Associate Professors, the Selection \r\nBoard shall co-opt or consult three experts in the subject concerned and in selecting candidates for \r\nother teaching posts two expels in the subject concerned, to be nominated by the Rector from a standing \r\nlist of experts (revised from time to time) for each subject approved by the Board on the \r\nrecommendations of the Rector.  \r\n(7) In case of posts other than teaching positions,” the Selection Board shall consist only of \r\nmembers mentioned at (a), (c), (d), (e) and (f) of sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 8 of this Schedule.  \r\n9. Functions of the Selection Board:___The following shall be the functions of the Selection \r\nBoard, namely:— \r\n(a)  to consider the applications receives to response to advertisement and \r\nrecommend to the Board the names of suitable candidates for appointment and \r\nrecommend suitable salary for the person concerned;  \r\n(b)  to consider all cases of promotion or selection of officers of the University and \r\nrecommend the names of suitable candidates for such promotion or selection to \r\nthe Board; and  \r\n(c)  in the event of an unresolved difference of opinion between the Selection Board \r\nand the” Board, the matter shall be referred to the Chancellor whose decision \r\nshall be final. \r\n10. Finance and Planning Council:___ (1) The Finance and Planning Council shall consist \r\nof— \r\n(a)  the Rector, who shall be the Chairman;  \r\n(b)  one member of the Board to be nominated by the Board;  \r\n(c)  one financial expert who shall be a nominee of the Board;  \r\n \r\nPage 25 of 26 \r\n \r\n(d)  one member of the Academic Council to be nominated by the Academic \r\nCouncil;  \r\n(e)  one representative from the INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY and \r\nTelecommunications Division, Ministry of Science and Technology, \r\nGovernment of Pakistan not below the rank of Deputy Secretary;  \r\n(f)  one Dean to be nominated by the Rector; and  \r\n(g)  Director Finance, who shall also be the Secretary. \r\n(2) The term of office of the nominated members shall be three years.  \r\n(3) The quorum for a meeting of the Finance and Planning Committee shall be four members. \r\n11. Functions of the Finance and Planning Council:___The functions of the Finance and \r\nPlanning Council shall be to— \r\n(a)  prepare the annual statement of accounts, propose annual budget estimates and \r\nadvise the Board thereon;  \r\n(b)  review periodically the financial position of the University;  \r\n(c)  prepare long term and short-term development plans;  \r\n(d)  advise the Board on all matters relating to planning, development, finance, \r\ninvestments and accounts of the University; and  \r\n(e)  perform such other functions as may be prescribed under Statutes. \r\n12. Affiliation Committee:___ (1) The affiliation committee shall consist of___ \r\n(a)  a chairman to be nominated by the Rector; and  \r\n(b)  two Professors to be nominated by” the Academic Council. \r\n(2) The term of office of the members of the Committee shall be three years.  \r\n(3) The Affiliation Committee may co-opt not more than three experts.  \r\n(4) The quorum for a meeting of or for an inspection by the Affiliation Committee shall be two.  \r\n(5) An officer of the University to be nominated by the Rector for this purpose shall act as \r\nSecretary to the Committee. \r\n13. Functions of the Affiliation Committee:___The following shall be the functions of the \r\nAffiliation Committee, namely— \r\n(a)  Workout and purpose affiliation frameworks for domestic and foreign \r\ninstitutions seeking affiliation with the University;  \r\n \r\nPage 26 of 26 \r\n \r\n(b)  inspect the educational institution seeking affiliation with or admission to the \r\nprivileges of the University and to advise the Executive Council thereon;  \r\n(c)  inquire into complaints alleging breach of conditions of affiliation, by affiliated \r\ncolleges and to advise the Executive Council thereon; and  \r\n(d)  perform such other functions as may be prescribed by regulations.",
  "passage_offset_convention": "zero-based Unicode code points and UTF8 bytes; end exclusive",
  "passages": [
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-0-1786:5fe6ef1aecc4990f8c17de31f3509d7d2aebc7b3fb830475a5ede163c761646a",
      "character_start": 0,
      "character_end": 1786,
      "utf8_byte_start": 0,
      "utf8_byte_end": 1786,
      "passage_sha256": "5fe6ef1aecc4990f8c17de31f3509d7d2aebc7b3fb830475a5ede163c761646a",
      "reader_fragment": "p-0-1786-5fe6ef1aecc4990f"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-1786-3555:4b81b1c26e6a38b790cc5fd11c3c430d89fa41e2728d3e92e748f17ec680b38d",
      "character_start": 1786,
      "character_end": 3555,
      "utf8_byte_start": 1786,
      "utf8_byte_end": 3593,
      "passage_sha256": "4b81b1c26e6a38b790cc5fd11c3c430d89fa41e2728d3e92e748f17ec680b38d",
      "reader_fragment": "p-1786-3555-4b81b1c26e6a38b7"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-3555-5336:88ce2479a569b9649ba3238ab1f7ae8cb0470c363c885e6f534d586c295d70fd",
      "character_start": 3555,
      "character_end": 5336,
      "utf8_byte_start": 3593,
      "utf8_byte_end": 5434,
      "passage_sha256": "88ce2479a569b9649ba3238ab1f7ae8cb0470c363c885e6f534d586c295d70fd",
      "reader_fragment": "p-3555-5336-88ce2479a569b964"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-5336-7094:d8d245a4656ca474be3c19ac719b2decdcd1ee3a5dafc0570a9158ca48658f3f",
      "character_start": 5336,
      "character_end": 7094,
      "utf8_byte_start": 5434,
      "utf8_byte_end": 7198,
      "passage_sha256": "d8d245a4656ca474be3c19ac719b2decdcd1ee3a5dafc0570a9158ca48658f3f",
      "reader_fragment": "p-5336-7094-d8d245a4656ca474"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-7094-8860:497672f5b93dae5d6b80b159a35274de2d1417dfb7042edb412a82f0e33ffff4",
      "character_start": 7094,
      "character_end": 8860,
      "utf8_byte_start": 7198,
      "utf8_byte_end": 8964,
      "passage_sha256": "497672f5b93dae5d6b80b159a35274de2d1417dfb7042edb412a82f0e33ffff4",
      "reader_fragment": "p-7094-8860-497672f5b93dae5d"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-8860-10581:433c11ea3b507abe21fb177a00953e4739e93017ef4d4a67047b7b6686fcc2a4",
      "character_start": 8860,
      "character_end": 10581,
      "utf8_byte_start": 8964,
      "utf8_byte_end": 10685,
      "passage_sha256": "433c11ea3b507abe21fb177a00953e4739e93017ef4d4a67047b7b6686fcc2a4",
      "reader_fragment": "p-8860-10581-433c11ea3b507abe"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-10581-12372:28c5b3fe52e7e148902d13596b915a2e098b4c98ff39921493b126fd088a980a",
      "character_start": 10581,
      "character_end": 12372,
      "utf8_byte_start": 10685,
      "utf8_byte_end": 12478,
      "passage_sha256": "28c5b3fe52e7e148902d13596b915a2e098b4c98ff39921493b126fd088a980a",
      "reader_fragment": "p-10581-12372-28c5b3fe52e7e148"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-12372-14113:34dbda47793541eee7097d730a06bf3c23d80c2033d8f19d1867cea7dadae0c2",
      "character_start": 12372,
      "character_end": 14113,
      "utf8_byte_start": 12478,
      "utf8_byte_end": 14221,
      "passage_sha256": "34dbda47793541eee7097d730a06bf3c23d80c2033d8f19d1867cea7dadae0c2",
      "reader_fragment": "p-12372-14113-34dbda47793541ee"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-14113-15834:d702fa9d40f18c31d0600a789d1bc1b7a5035cd10f0fc9a0d65fa70ebebb13f2",
      "character_start": 14113,
      "character_end": 15834,
      "utf8_byte_start": 14221,
      "utf8_byte_end": 15944,
      "passage_sha256": "d702fa9d40f18c31d0600a789d1bc1b7a5035cd10f0fc9a0d65fa70ebebb13f2",
      "reader_fragment": "p-14113-15834-d702fa9d40f18c31"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-15834-17573:6f49b0395a3816f76154438b2eb70894677cb4e59ef3074acba24ff2bdbcebea",
      "character_start": 15834,
      "character_end": 17573,
      "utf8_byte_start": 15944,
      "utf8_byte_end": 17685,
      "passage_sha256": "6f49b0395a3816f76154438b2eb70894677cb4e59ef3074acba24ff2bdbcebea",
      "reader_fragment": "p-15834-17573-6f49b0395a3816f7"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-17573-19357:3210cc272822b959a70eb2f3d9169c737dd9102c0740ad2adfcb32ea4bbbfa1b",
      "character_start": 17573,
      "character_end": 19357,
      "utf8_byte_start": 17685,
      "utf8_byte_end": 19473,
      "passage_sha256": "3210cc272822b959a70eb2f3d9169c737dd9102c0740ad2adfcb32ea4bbbfa1b",
      "reader_fragment": "p-17573-19357-3210cc272822b959"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-19357-21102:04e4e3cb16479528c103576abe70e4965287ccc82532156e43cd57be31a87c1d",
      "character_start": 19357,
      "character_end": 21102,
      "utf8_byte_start": 19473,
      "utf8_byte_end": 21220,
      "passage_sha256": "04e4e3cb16479528c103576abe70e4965287ccc82532156e43cd57be31a87c1d",
      "reader_fragment": "p-19357-21102-04e4e3cb16479528"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-21102-22838:96fac5fba3955461f0092933e48089a17f02d599ead7f50b7c50fa5ba90fbc4a",
      "character_start": 21102,
      "character_end": 22838,
      "utf8_byte_start": 21220,
      "utf8_byte_end": 22960,
      "passage_sha256": "96fac5fba3955461f0092933e48089a17f02d599ead7f50b7c50fa5ba90fbc4a",
      "reader_fragment": "p-21102-22838-96fac5fba3955461"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-22838-24637:20dd047329cad3bef9fceaa32b48a5d78adbe0729d764719a30055b4662ab688",
      "character_start": 22838,
      "character_end": 24637,
      "utf8_byte_start": 22960,
      "utf8_byte_end": 24759,
      "passage_sha256": "20dd047329cad3bef9fceaa32b48a5d78adbe0729d764719a30055b4662ab688",
      "reader_fragment": "p-22838-24637-20dd047329cad3be"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-24637-26437:ac770f4e4561f8ae735d26353da5a8838558147e82c09b1f4d3409c07373701e",
      "character_start": 24637,
      "character_end": 26437,
      "utf8_byte_start": 24759,
      "utf8_byte_end": 26559,
      "passage_sha256": "ac770f4e4561f8ae735d26353da5a8838558147e82c09b1f4d3409c07373701e",
      "reader_fragment": "p-24637-26437-ac770f4e4561f8ae"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-26437-28234:bc21b8fc228a2a9663ab838b475af5fad3228925acdf172866f0794b19bb46cc",
      "character_start": 26437,
      "character_end": 28234,
      "utf8_byte_start": 26559,
      "utf8_byte_end": 28356,
      "passage_sha256": "bc21b8fc228a2a9663ab838b475af5fad3228925acdf172866f0794b19bb46cc",
      "reader_fragment": "p-26437-28234-bc21b8fc228a2a96"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-28234-30021:3bc1d7384671d6fc033ead7938cd6f553bbba94c6af2674fb506e388a51d34d2",
      "character_start": 28234,
      "character_end": 30021,
      "utf8_byte_start": 28356,
      "utf8_byte_end": 30145,
      "passage_sha256": "3bc1d7384671d6fc033ead7938cd6f553bbba94c6af2674fb506e388a51d34d2",
      "reader_fragment": "p-28234-30021-3bc1d7384671d6fc"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-30021-31765:6964ca157a596891401584b4a393002d8c87aadad521327f950d2bd56eb44d57",
      "character_start": 30021,
      "character_end": 31765,
      "utf8_byte_start": 30145,
      "utf8_byte_end": 31891,
      "passage_sha256": "6964ca157a596891401584b4a393002d8c87aadad521327f950d2bd56eb44d57",
      "reader_fragment": "p-30021-31765-6964ca157a596891"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-31765-33534:d80bb2b21238d523689cfc84d108df0e096c18e51be6f0ced77ca73b71da82b0",
      "character_start": 31765,
      "character_end": 33534,
      "utf8_byte_start": 31891,
      "utf8_byte_end": 33662,
      "passage_sha256": "d80bb2b21238d523689cfc84d108df0e096c18e51be6f0ced77ca73b71da82b0",
      "reader_fragment": "p-31765-33534-d80bb2b21238d523"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-33534-35299:df0d8339dd8c08187026cc85221d1d9df1ec7242009edfe5c63c54cc9122d0b5",
      "character_start": 33534,
      "character_end": 35299,
      "utf8_byte_start": 33662,
      "utf8_byte_end": 35429,
      "passage_sha256": "df0d8339dd8c08187026cc85221d1d9df1ec7242009edfe5c63c54cc9122d0b5",
      "reader_fragment": "p-33534-35299-df0d8339dd8c0818"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-35299-37013:99a90f416609281663c55ffe55d526644191add5b7bf1c360070ff1a6a664888",
      "character_start": 35299,
      "character_end": 37013,
      "utf8_byte_start": 35429,
      "utf8_byte_end": 37143,
      "passage_sha256": "99a90f416609281663c55ffe55d526644191add5b7bf1c360070ff1a6a664888",
      "reader_fragment": "p-35299-37013-99a90f4166092816"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-37013-38781:1fca75cd558ffe8a5898769bb20d4fb661fb4650448731ab10257ff41b0e3e90",
      "character_start": 37013,
      "character_end": 38781,
      "utf8_byte_start": 37143,
      "utf8_byte_end": 38913,
      "passage_sha256": "1fca75cd558ffe8a5898769bb20d4fb661fb4650448731ab10257ff41b0e3e90",
      "reader_fragment": "p-37013-38781-1fca75cd558ffe8a"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-38781-40568:9be4d1350877a29fb6515a1c41f404e52e93bcff2aaf6bcee811ed9366b59e85",
      "character_start": 38781,
      "character_end": 40568,
      "utf8_byte_start": 38913,
      "utf8_byte_end": 40702,
      "passage_sha256": "9be4d1350877a29fb6515a1c41f404e52e93bcff2aaf6bcee811ed9366b59e85",
      "reader_fragment": "p-38781-40568-9be4d1350877a29f"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-40568-42291:df1cd84e93661117af7928e6d9e82389edac015e87cc33501cee0fc69bc4f75a",
      "character_start": 40568,
      "character_end": 42291,
      "utf8_byte_start": 40702,
      "utf8_byte_end": 42425,
      "passage_sha256": "df1cd84e93661117af7928e6d9e82389edac015e87cc33501cee0fc69bc4f75a",
      "reader_fragment": "p-40568-42291-df1cd84e93661117"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-42291-44084:630de385ca58b9a52e25bf0c455101d24482cc5d12acce7306d6320c5e881926",
      "character_start": 42291,
      "character_end": 44084,
      "utf8_byte_start": 42425,
      "utf8_byte_end": 44218,
      "passage_sha256": "630de385ca58b9a52e25bf0c455101d24482cc5d12acce7306d6320c5e881926",
      "reader_fragment": "p-42291-44084-630de385ca58b9a5"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-44084-45860:a7c887553d3bdb4e24af82a908e0fe1ff3df46ddaa481b685036888374cf8c44",
      "character_start": 44084,
      "character_end": 45860,
      "utf8_byte_start": 44218,
      "utf8_byte_end": 45996,
      "passage_sha256": "a7c887553d3bdb4e24af82a908e0fe1ff3df46ddaa481b685036888374cf8c44",
      "reader_fragment": "p-44084-45860-a7c887553d3bdb4e"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-45860-47607:104ca13a8f122ab3645f258a92a879db41b4545318f245b0cacebb84c5130e78",
      "character_start": 45860,
      "character_end": 47607,
      "utf8_byte_start": 45996,
      "utf8_byte_end": 47743,
      "passage_sha256": "104ca13a8f122ab3645f258a92a879db41b4545318f245b0cacebb84c5130e78",
      "reader_fragment": "p-45860-47607-104ca13a8f122ab3"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-47607-49354:eb243a635a77315032de3d1f6da4da7060ca32f4de96c5843ee33ad1a6e73e1b",
      "character_start": 47607,
      "character_end": 49354,
      "utf8_byte_start": 47743,
      "utf8_byte_end": 49498,
      "passage_sha256": "eb243a635a77315032de3d1f6da4da7060ca32f4de96c5843ee33ad1a6e73e1b",
      "reader_fragment": "p-47607-49354-eb243a635a773150"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-49354-51098:d3558d3050d2a00d20f4c5c93bf1c1bd95fd715f974c536c328100fda4a0bf27",
      "character_start": 49354,
      "character_end": 51098,
      "utf8_byte_start": 49498,
      "utf8_byte_end": 51248,
      "passage_sha256": "d3558d3050d2a00d20f4c5c93bf1c1bd95fd715f974c536c328100fda4a0bf27",
      "reader_fragment": "p-49354-51098-d3558d3050d2a00d"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:pk-code-e33f0d5f05ab6db8:sha256:43deec74b406ed314f36e99f2058b6c0837e9b290ff50c35009bff5f13ffae03:chars-51098-51168:991f4daed70ffe47eed1315a1ce33a4f7d66304802ea1d6c958588b94255868b",
      "character_start": 51098,
      "character_end": 51168,
      "utf8_byte_start": 51248,
      "utf8_byte_end": 51318,
      "passage_sha256": "991f4daed70ffe47eed1315a1ce33a4f7d66304802ea1d6c958588b94255868b",
      "reader_fragment": "p-51098-51168-991f4daed70ffe47"
    }
  ]
}