{ "schema_version": "qanun-law-text/1", "id": "punjab-code-20256ae856bcd044", "title": "PUNJAB TRANSPARENCY AND RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2013", "source_collection": "Punjab", "content_kind": "stored_law_text", "content_extent": null, "source_url": "https://punjabcode.punjab.gov.pk/en/show_article/VGJSZlZkVGM-", "version": null, "source_snapshot": "2026-08-06T17:01:10Z", "legal_status": "not independently verified", "text_quality": "Complete stored UTF-8 TXT file recovered byte-for-byte from owned Drive. Source transcription retained verbatim; legal completeness, OCR accuracy and current consolidation unverified.", "text_sha256": "eb7dd148c13a9a0aae9d17c6cad0aa7c072b452636bb345ec1a14ed39bdeb181", "source_sha256": "eb7dd148c13a9a0aae9d17c6cad0aa7c072b452636bb345ec1a14ed39bdeb181", "text_version_id": "law:punjab-code-20256ae856bcd044:sha256:eb7dd148c13a9a0aae9d17c6cad0aa7c072b452636bb345ec1a14ed39bdeb181", "quality_flags": [], "encoding": "UTF-8", "text": "THE PUNJAB TRANSPARENCY AND RIGHT TO \r\nINFORMATION ACT 2013 \r\n(XXV of 2013) \r\nCONTENTS \r\n1. Short title, extent and commencement \r\n2. Definitions \r\n3. Access to information \r\n4. Proactive disclosure \r\n5. Punjab Information Commission \r\n6. Functions of the Commission \r\n7. Designation of public information officers \r\n8. Maintenance and indexing of information \r\n9. Annual report of public bodies \r\n10. Application procedure \r\n11. Transfer of application \r\n12. Internal review \r\n13. Exceptions \r\n14. Allocation of funds \r\n15. Penalty on public information officer \r\n16. Offence \r\n17. Cognizance of offence under this Act \r\n18. Bar of suits etc \r\n19. Power to make rules \r\n20. Power to frame regulations \r\n21. Power to remove difficulties \r\n22. Interpretation \r\n23. Indemnity \r\n24. Act to take precedence over other laws \r\n25. Repeal \r\nTEXT \r\n1\r\nTHE PUNJAB TRANSPARENCY AND RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT \r\n2013 \r\n(XXV of 2013) \r\n[16th December, 2013] \r\nAn \r\nAct \r\nto provide for transparency and freedom of information in the Punjab. \r\nPreamble.– Whereas it is expedient to provide for transparency and freedom of \r\ninformation to ensure that citizens have improved access to public information; to \r\nmake the Government more accountable to citizens; to enforce the fundamental right \r\nof access to information in all matters of public importance; and, to provide for ancillary \r\nmatters; \r\nIt is enacted as follows:– \r\n1. Short title, extent and commencement .– (1) This Act may be cited as the \r\nPunjab Transparency and Right to Information Act 2013. \r\n(2) It extends to the whole of the Punjab. \r\n(3) It shall come into force at once. \r\n2. Definitions.– In this Act– \r\n(a) “applicant” means a citizen of Pakistan or a legal person registered or \r\nincorporated in Pakistan, seeking information under this Act and \r\nincludes a person authorized on behalf of the legal person; \r\n(b) “Commission” means Punjab Information Commission established \r\nunder this Act; \r\n(c) “Commissioner” means an Information Commissioner and includes the \r\nChief Information Commissioner; \r\n(d) “complaint” means a complaint made, in writing, to the Commission by \r\nan applicant on one or more of the following grounds:- \r\n(i) wrongful denial of access to information; \r\n(ii) non provision of information within the stipulated time; \r\n(iii) refusal to receive and process the request from an applicant; \r\n(iv) furnishing false, misleading or incomplete information; \r\n(v) charging fee or cost for provision of information in excess of the \r\nrequisite fee; \r\n(vi) deliberate destruction of information to avoid its disclosure; \r\n \r\n1This Act was passed by the Punjab Assembly on 12 December 2013; assented to by the Governor of the Punjab on 14 \r\nDecember 2013; and published in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), dated 16 December 2013, pages 1801-1808. \r\n(vii) failure of a public body to implement the provisions regarding \r\nproactive disclosure; or \r\n(viii) violation of any other provision of the Act by a public body; \r\n(e) “Government” means Government of the Punjab; \r\n(f) “information” means any information held by a public body and includes \r\nany memo, book, design, map, contract, representation, pamphlet, \r\nbrochure, order, notification, document, plans, letter, report, accounts \r\nstatement, project proposal, photograph, audio, video, drawing, film, any \r\ninstrument pre pared through electronic process, machine -readable \r\ndocuments and any other documentary material regardless of its physical \r\nform or characteristics; \r\n(g) “prescribed” means prescribed by the rules or regulations made under \r\nthe Act; \r\n(h) “public body” means– \r\n(i) a department, attached department, autonomous or semiautonomous \r\nbody of the Government, a company of the Government or a special \r\ninstitution; \r\n(ii) a local government constituted under the Punjab Local Government \r\nAct 2013 (XVIII of 2013) or any other law for the time being in force; \r\n(iii) Secretariat of Governor of the Punjab; \r\n(iv) any court, tribunal, office, Board, Commission, Council, or other body \r\nsubstantially financed by the Government; \r\n(v) Provincial Assembly of the Punjab; \r\n(vi) statutory body established under a provincial law; and \r\n(vii) a non -government organization substantially financed by the \r\nGovernment or a local government; \r\n(i) “public information officer” means a public information officer \r\ndesignated under section 7 of the Act; and \r\n(j) “right to information” means the right to obtain information accessible \r\nunder the Act and includes the right to– \r\n(i) inspect any work or document; \r\n(ii) take notes, extracts or certified copy of a document; \r\n(iii) take certified sample of any material; and \r\n(iv) obtain copy of information in electronic form. \r\n3. Access to information .– Subject to the provisions of this Act, an applicant \r\nmay, in the prescribed manner, exercise the right to information. \r\n4. Proactive disclosure .– Subject to the provisions of this Act, a public body \r\nshall proactively disclose– \r\n(a) particulars of the public body, its functions and duties; \r\n(b) powers and functions of its officers and employees; \r\n(c) norms and criteria set by the public body for the discharge of its \r\nfunctions; \r\n(d) Acts, Ordinances, rules, regulations, notifications, circulars and other \r\nlegal instruments being enforced, issued or used by the public body in \r\nthe discharge of its functions; \r\n(e) a statement of categories of information being held by the public body; \r\n(f) a des cription of its decision -making processes and any opportunities \r\nfor the public to provide input into or be consulted about decisions; \r\n(g) a directory of its officers and employees with their respective \r\nremuneration, perks and privileges; \r\n(h) budget of the public body including details of all proposed and actual \r\nexpenditures; \r\n(i) amount of subsidy and details of beneficiaries if the public body \r\nprovides any subsidy; \r\n(j) particulars of the recipients of concessions, permits or authorizations \r\ngranted by the public body; \r\n(k) facilities available with the public body for obtaining information held by \r\nit; \r\n(l) name, designation and other particulars of the public information officer \r\nof the public body; and \r\n(m) any other information that the Government may notify in the official \r\nGazette. \r\n5. Punjab Information Commission .– (1) The Government shall establish a \r\nCommission, to be called ‘Punjab Information Commission’. \r\n(2) The Commission shall consist of not more than three Information \r\nCommissioners to be appointed from amongst the following:– \r\n(a) a person who has been or is qualified to be a Judge of the High Court; \r\n(b) a person who is or has been in the service of Pakistan in basic scale \r\n21 or equivalent; and \r\n(c) a person from civil society having a degree based on sixt een years of \r\neducation from a recognized institution and experience of not less than \r\nfifteen years in the field of mass communication, academic or right to \r\ninformation. \r\n(3) The Government shall, on such terms and conditions as may be \r\nprescribed and until s o prescribed as are determined by the Government, appoint \r\nthe Commissioners. \r\n(4) The Government shall nominate one of the Commissioners as Chief \r\nInformation Commissioner who shall be the chief executive of the Commission. \r\n(5) No person shall be appointed as Commissioner if he is more than sixty-\r\nfive years of age on the date of appointment. \r\n2[(6) A Commissioner shall hold office for a term of three years extendable \r\nfor another three years.] \r\n(7) A Commissioner shall not hold any other public office or any oth er \r\noffice of profit or be connected with any political party and shall not engage himself in \r\nany business or profession during the period he holds office of the Commissioner. \r\n(8) Subject to subsections (9), (10) and (11), a Commissioner shall be \r\nliable to removal on grounds of misconduct or physical or mental incapacity. \r\n(9) Before removing a Commissioner, the Government shall communicate \r\nthe charges to the Commissioner and afford him reasonable opportunity to explain his \r\nposition. \r\n(10) If the Government is not satisfied with the defence offered, it may refer \r\nthe case to Provincial Assembly of the Punjab for an open enquiry by a Special \r\nCommittee to be constituted by the Provincial Assembly. \r\n(11) If the Committee finds the Commissioner guilty of any of the c harges \r\nmentioned in subsection (8), the Government shall remove the Commissioner. \r\n(12) If Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is dissolved and the situation \r\nmentioned in subsection (8) has arisen, the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly shall \r\nconstitute a special committee and such special committee may exercise the powers \r\nof special committee of the Provincial Assembly until the election of the new \r\nProvincial Assembly. \r\n6. Functions of the Commission.– (1) The Commission may– \r\n(a) conduct an inquiry, on its own accord or on a complaint, and may direct \r\na public body to disclose information to an applicant or in a proactive \r\nmanner; \r\n(b) determine the public interest in terms of section 13; \r\n(c) resolve any inconsistencies in the application of the provisions of this \r\nAct or the rules or regulations. \r\n(2) The Commission shall decide a complaint within thirty days of its \r\nreceipt or, for good reasons to be recorded in writing, within sixty days. \r\n(3) The Commission may exercise the powers of a civil court to– \r\n(a) summon an d enforce attendance of persons, compel them to \r\ngive oral or written evidence on oath and to produce documents \r\nor information; \r\n(b) examine and inspect information; \r\n(c) receive evidence on affidavits; \r\n(d) requisition information from any office; and \r\n(e) issue summons for witnesses or documents. \r\n \r\n2Substituted by the Punjab Transparency and Right to Information (Amendment) Act 2021 (III of 2021), \r\npublished in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), dated: 17th March 2021, pp. 7101-7102 s.2. \r\n \r\n3[(4) While inquiring into a complaint, any Commissioner subject to \r\ndistribution of work by Chief Information Commissioner or any other person \r\nauthorized by the Commission, may examine any information on spot.] \r\n(5) The Commission shall facilitate the application of the provisions of this Act \r\nand may– \r\n(a) issue directives to public bodies for preservation, management, \r\npublication, publicity and access to information; \r\n(b) prescribe the procedure for accessing information from a public \r\nbody; \r\n(c) advise and provide support to the Government to make \r\nnecessary laws and procedures for implementation of the right \r\nto information; \r\n(d) provide technical and other support to the public bodies for \r\neffective enforcement of right to information; \r\n(e) conduct training of the public information officers; \r\n(f) undertake mass awareness campaign to create awareness \r\nabout the Act, rules and regulations; \r\n(g) establish an information web-portal; \r\n(h) compile a user handbook in Urdu and English, containing such \r\ninformation in easily comprehensible form and manner, as many \r\nreasonably be required by an applicant; and \r\n(i) compile guidelines for use by the public information officers. \r\n4[(6) The Commission shall prepare an annual report on the implementation of \r\nthe provisions of this Act during a financial year by 31 August and shall lay it before \r\nProvincial Assembly of the Punjab.] \r\n(7) The annual report of the Commission shall, in particular, contain the \r\nfollowing information:– \r\n(a) status of right to information law, rules, regulations and procedures; \r\n(b) progress on implementation of the freedom of information law, \r\nincluding district and department -wise summaries of information \r\nrequests showing current status of each information request; \r\n(c) hurdles be ing faced in the implementation of freedom of information \r\nlaw; and \r\n(d) budget, expenses and other organizational matters. \r\n7. Designation of public information officers .– (1) A public body shall, within \r\nsixty days of the commencement of this Act, designate and notify as many officers \r\nas public information officers in all administrative units or offices under it, as may be \r\nnecessary. \r\n \r\n3Substituted by the Punjab Transparency and Right to Information (Amendment) Act 2021 (III of 2021), \r\npublished in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), dated: 17th March 2021, pp. 7101-7102 s.3. \r\n \r\n4Substituted by the Punjab Transparency and Right to Information (Amendment) Act 2021 (III of 2021), \r\npublished in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), dated: 17th March 2021, pp. 7101-7102 s.3. \r\n(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a public information officer shall \r\nprovide information to an applicant, and shall pe rform such other functions as may \r\nbe prescribed to achieve the purpose of this Act. \r\n(3) The public information officer may seek necessary assistance of any \r\nother officer of the public body. \r\n(4) Any officer whose assistance has been sought under subsection (3) \r\nshall render all assistance to the public information officer seeking his assistance \r\nand for purposes of any contravention of the provisions of this Act, such other officer \r\nshall be deemed as public information officer. \r\n8. Maintenance and indexing of i nformation.– (1) Subject to provisions of this \r\nAct and the rules or regulations, a public body shall maintain information relating to \r\nthe body in an easily accessible form. \r\n(2) A public body shall, within the time prescribed by the Commission for \r\nany speci al or general categories of information, computerize or maintain in \r\nelectronic form the information to enable– \r\n(a) easy retrieval of information; and \r\n(b) easy and authorized electronic access of information by an applicant. \r\n9. Annual report of public bodie s.– A public body shall publish in electronic \r\nform or otherwise an annual report of its activities under this Act during the previous \r\nfinancial year by 31 August each year in such manner as may be prescribed and \r\nmake the report available for public inspect ion free of charge and for purchase at a \r\nreasonable cost. \r\n10. Application procedure .– (1) An applicant may make an application to a \r\npublic information officer on an information request form or on plain paper and the \r\npublic information officer shall acknowledge receipt of the application. \r\n(2) A public body shall make easily available to the public the information \r\nrequest form both in printed and electronic form. \r\n(3) An applicant shall not be required to provide reasons for request for \r\ninformation and shall o nly be required to provide an adequate description of the \r\ninformation and the details necessary to provide the requisite information. \r\n(4) Where an applicant is having difficulty making a request, including \r\nbecause he cannot describe the information in sufficient detail or because he is disabled \r\nor illiterate, the concerned public information officer shall provide reasonable assistance \r\nto the applicant. \r\n(5) Where an applicant has indicated a preferred form of access, including \r\na physical copy, an electronic copy or an opportunity to inspect documents, the \r\npublic body shall provide access in that form unless doing so is likely to interfere with \r\nits operations or harm the document and in that case the information shall be \r\nprovided in such form as may serve the purpose. \r\n(6) The public body shall not charge any fee for making a request other \r\nthan cost of reproducing or sending the information in accordance with a centrally set \r\nschedule of costs stipulated by the Commission. \r\n(7) The public information officer shall respond to an application as soon \r\nas possible and in any case within fourteen working days, provided that this may be \r\nextended by a maximum of a further fourteen working days where this is necessary, \r\nincluding because the request requires a search through a large number of records \r\nor consultation with a third party or any other public body, but the public information \r\nofficer shall provide the information relating to life or liberty of a person within two \r\nworking days of the receipt of the application. \r\n(8) Where the public information officer decides not to provide the \r\ninformation, he shall intimate to the applicant the reasons for such decision along with \r\na statement that the applicant may file an internal review or a complaint against the \r\nrefusal under this Act. \r\n(9) The information from, or the copy of, any public record supplied to the \r\napplicant under subsection (1) shall contain a certificate at the foot thereof that the \r\ninformation is correct or the copy is a true copy of such public record, and such \r\ncertificate shall be dated, signed and stamped by the public information officer. \r\n11. Transfer of application.– (1) Where an officer of a public body other than the \r\nconcerned public information officer receives an application for access to \r\ninformation, such o fficer shall immediately transfer the application to the concerned \r\npublic information officer under intimation to the applicant and the public information \r\nofficer shall process the application as if he had received it under section 10. \r\n(2) If the informati on or part of the information requested in an application \r\nis not available with the public body or the office of the public body, the public \r\ninformation officer shall, within seven days and under intimation to the applicant, \r\ntransfer the application to the public information officer to whom the application \r\nshould have been made for provision of the information or part of the information. \r\n(3) If the public information officer does not know the public body or the \r\noffice where the requested information or part of the information may be available, \r\nhe shall inform the applicant that the requested information or part of the information \r\nis not available with the public body. \r\n(4) If an application is transferred to another public information officer \r\nunder subsection (2), the other public information officer shall process the application \r\nas if the other public information officer received the application under section 10. \r\n12. Internal review .– (1) If an applicant does not file a complaint with the \r\nCommission, he may r equest the head of the public body for internal review of any \r\ndecision of the public information officer in relation to what the applicant regards as \r\ninvolving– \r\n(a) a failure by the public information officer to comply with any provision of \r\nthis Act includ ing failure to communicate decision within the specified \r\ntime; or \r\n(b) unreasonable behaviour by the public information officer in the exercise \r\nof any discretion under the Act; or \r\n(c) provision of incomplete, misleading or false information under the Act; \r\nor \r\n(d) any other matter relating to requesting or obtaining access to \r\ninformation. \r\n(2) An applicant shall, within sixty days from the date of communication of \r\nthe decision of the public information officer or failure of the public information officer \r\nto provide information within the stipulated time, submit a request, in writing, under \r\nsubsection (1) and specify remedy which the applicant seeks against the decision of \r\nthe public information officer. \r\n(3) The officer before whom an application for internal rev iew is filed under \r\nthis section may exercise any of the powers of the public information officer under \r\nthis Act and shall, within fourteen days of the receipt of the application– \r\n(a) confirm, modify or reverse the decision of the public information officer; \r\n(b) notify the decision of internal review to the applicant including reasons \r\nfor the decision; and \r\n(c) order departmental action against the public information officer if found \r\nnegligent in performance of duties under this Act. \r\n13. Exceptions.– (1) A pu blic information officer may refuse an application for \r\naccess to information where disclosure of the information shall or is likely to cause \r\nharm to– \r\n(a) national defence or security, public order or international relations of \r\nPakistan; \r\n(b) a legitimate pr ivacy interest, unless the person concerned has \r\nconsented to disclosure of the information; \r\n(c) the protection of legally privileged information or of the rules relating to \r\nbreach of confidence; \r\n(d) the legitimate commercial interests of a public body or a third party, \r\nincluding information subject to third party intellectual property rights; \r\n(e) the life, health or safety of any person; \r\n(f) the prevention or detection of crime, the apprehension or prosecution \r\nof offenders, or the administration of justice; \r\n(g) the ability of the Government to manage the economy; or \r\n(h) the effective formulation of or success of a policy either by its premature \r\ndisclosure or by restraining the free and frank provision of advice within \r\nthe Government. \r\n(2) Notwithstanding any thing contained in subsection (1), if the \r\nCommission determines that the public interest in such disclosure outweighs the \r\nharm that shall or is likely to be caused by such disclosure, it may direct the public \r\ninformation officer to provide the information. \r\n(3) Where a part of a document is covered by an exception in subsection \r\n(1), any information in the document which is not covered by an exception shall be \r\ndisclosed if it is reasonably severable from the rest of the document. \r\n(4) Where the information is refused, the public information officer shall, \r\nwithin the time-limit specified under section 10, inform the applicant specifying– \r\n(a) the reasons on account of which and the provision of this Act under \r\nwhich the requested information is refused; \r\n(b) procedure for internal review or complaint against the decision; and \r\n(c) name and designation of the person who may provide full or limited \r\naccess to the exempted information. \r\n(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, any information \r\nmentioned in s ubsection (1) may be disclosed by a public information officer if the \r\ninformation is more than fifty years old but the Commission may, in an appropriate \r\ncase on application of a public body or otherwise, extend this time period of fifty \r\nyears to a further twenty years. \r\n14. Allocation of funds .– The Government shall allocate adequate funds to the \r\nCommission to enable it to establish a secretariat, hire the requisite staff to conduct \r\nits business properly, and promote access to information among the public, p ublic \r\nservants and civil society. \r\n15. Penalty on public information officer .– Where a public information officer \r\nhas, without any reasonable cause, refused to receive an application, has not \r\nfurnished information within time limits, or malafidely denied the request or knowingly \r\ngave incorrect, incomplete or misleading information, the Commission may, after \r\nproviding sufficient opportunity of defense to the public information officer, direct the \r\npublic information officer to pay fine not exceeding two days’ salary for each day of \r\ndelay or to pay fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees. \r\n16. Offence.– In addition to any other action under any other law, any person \r\nwho destroys a record which at the time it was destroyed was the subject of an \r\napplication for access to information, internal review or complaint, or otherwise \r\nobstructs access to information which is the subject of an application, internal review \r\nor complaint, with the intention of preventing its disclosure under this Act, commits \r\nan offence punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years \r\nor with fine which shall not be less than ten thousand rupees or with both. \r\n17. Cognizance of offence under this Act.– A court shall not take cognizance of \r\nthe offence punishable under s ection 16 of this Act except on a report in writing of \r\nthe facts constituting such offence made with the previous sanction of the \r\nCommission or an officer authorized by the Commission. \r\n18. Bar of suits etc .– A court shall not entertain a suit, application or other \r\nproceeding in respect of any decision made under this Act and the decision shall not \r\nbe called in question otherwise than by way of an internal review or a complaint \r\nunder the Act. \r\n19. Power to make rules .– (1) The Government, in consultation with the \r\nCommission and by notification in the official Gazette, may make rules for carrying \r\nout the purposes of this Act. \r\n(2) The rules shall also provide elaboration of the following provisions of \r\nthis Act:– \r\n(a) procedure for proper maintenance, indexing and storage of information, \r\nincluding details of information to be published in an electronic form; \r\n(b) procedure for filing of request for information and a schedule of the \r\ncosts for providing the information; \r\n(c) handling and internal review mechanisms; \r\n(d) information that shall be included in the annual report of each public \r\nbody; \r\n(e) procedure for publishing, displaying and obtaining the annual report; \r\n(f) designation of public information officers, and if required, any other \r\nofficial delegates, and their duties and responsibilities; \r\n(g) procedure for removal of a Commissioner, including definition of \r\nmisconduct; \r\n(h) finances, budgeting and staffing related to the Commission and its \r\nsecretariat; \r\n(i) responsibilities of Commissioners, mechanism for taking d ecisions, \r\nquorum requirements and procedures in case of non -availability of one \r\nor more Commissioners; \r\n(j) provisions regarding imposition of penalties or fines; and \r\n(k) any fees that may be charged by a public body in carrying out the \r\nprovisions of this Act. \r\n20. Power to frame regulations.– Subject to this Act and the rules, the Commission \r\nmay, by notification, frame regulations to give effect to the provisions of the Act and the \r\nrules. \r\n21. Power to remove difficulties .– If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the \r\nprovisions of this Act, the Government may, by order in the official Gazette, make \r\nsuch provisions not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act as appear to it to be \r\nnecessary or expedient for removing the difficulty. \r\n22. Interpretation.– This Act, the rules and regulations shall be interpreted so as \r\nto advance the purposes of this Act and to facilitate and encourage, promptly and at \r\nthe lowest reasonable cost, the disclosure of information and effective \r\nimplementation of right to information. \r\n23. Indemnity.– No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against \r\nany person for anything which is done in good faith or intended to be done in \r\npursuance of this Act or any rules or regulations made under the Act. \r\n24. Act to take prece dence over other laws .– (1) The provisions of this Act \r\nshall take precedence over the provisions of any other law. \r\n(2) An exception mentioned in section 13 shall take precedence and any \r\nexception or limitation in any other law on right to information may n ot be construed \r\nto extend the scope of the exception in this Act, although such provision in other law \r\nmay elaborate on the exception mentioned in section 13. \r\n25. Repeal.– The Punjab Transparency and Right to Information Ordinance (IV of \r\n2013) is hereby repealed.", "passage_offset_convention": "zero-based Unicode code points and UTF8 bytes; end exclusive", "passages": [ { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-20256ae856bcd044:sha256:eb7dd148c13a9a0aae9d17c6cad0aa7c072b452636bb345ec1a14ed39bdeb181:chars-0-1744:0e725b3333beaa61adb5321de4143ab1e340c35fda80cac9704054dab56b1f26", "character_start": 0, "character_end": 1744, "utf8_byte_start": 0, "utf8_byte_end": 1758, "passage_sha256": "0e725b3333beaa61adb5321de4143ab1e340c35fda80cac9704054dab56b1f26", "reader_fragment": "p-0-1744-0e725b3333beaa61" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-20256ae856bcd044:sha256:eb7dd148c13a9a0aae9d17c6cad0aa7c072b452636bb345ec1a14ed39bdeb181:chars-1744-3537:e470c64067be86a6115324486d0953afa34f8e597b2628b54cc7a8dae82ff583", "character_start": 1744, "character_end": 3537, "utf8_byte_start": 1758, "utf8_byte_end": 3571, "passage_sha256": 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