{
  "schema_version": "qanun-law-text/1",
  "id": "punjab-code-73324714681e6060",
  "title": "PUNJAB PRE-EMPTION ACT 1991",
  "source_collection": "Punjab",
  "content_kind": "stored_law_text",
  "content_extent": null,
  "source_url": "https://punjabcode.punjab.gov.pk/en/show_article/VGFQYwE0Wms-",
  "version": null,
  "source_snapshot": "2026-08-06T16:59:15Z",
  "legal_status": "not independently verified",
  "text_quality": "Complete stored UTF-8 TXT file recovered byte-for-byte from owned Drive. Source transcription retained verbatim; legal completeness, OCR accuracy and current consolidation unverified.",
  "text_sha256": "d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4",
  "source_sha256": "d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4",
  "text_version_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4",
  "quality_flags": [],
  "encoding": "UTF-8",
  "text": "THE PUNJAB PRE-EMPTION ACT, 1991 \r\n(IX of 1991) \r\nCONTENTS \r\n1. Short title, extent and commencement \r\n2. Definitions \r\n3. Interpretation \r\n4. Act to override other laws \r\n5. Right of pre-emption \r\n6. Persons in whom the right of pre-emption vests \r\n7. Priorities in the right of pre-emption \r\n8. Joint right of pre-emption how exercised \r\n9. Method of distribution of the property where more than one persons are \r\nequally entitled \r\n10. Withdrawal of claim \r\n11. Sale of appurtenances of land \r\n12. Right to revoke sale \r\n13. Demand of pre-emption \r\n14. Demand by guardian or agent \r\n15. Waiver of the right of pre-emption \r\n16. Death of pre-emptor \r\n17. Abatement of right of pre-emption \r\n18. Exercise of right of pre -emption by a Muslim and a non -Muslim against \r\neach other \r\n19. Right of pre-emption non-transferable and indivisible \r\n20. Where the pre-emptor and vendee equally entitled \r\n21. Improvements made by the vendee \r\n22. Improvement made in the status of the vendee -defendant after \r\ninstitution of the suit \r\n23. No right of pre-emption in respect of certain properties \r\n24. Plaintiff to deposit sale price of the property \r\n25. Deposit or refund of excess price \r\n26. Sum deposited by pre-emptor not to be attached \r\n27. Determination of price \r\n28. Market value how to be determined \r\n29. Government may exclude areas from pre-emption \r\n30. Limitation \r\n31. Notice \r\n32. Matters ancillary or akin to the provisions of this Act \r\n33. Application of the Civil Procedure Code and Qanun-e-Shahadat Order \r\n34. Repeal of Act I of 1913 \r\n35. Saving \r\n36. Rules \r\n37. Repeal of Ordinance IX of 1991 \r\nTEXT \r\n1\r\nTHE PUNJAB PRE-EMPTION ACT, 1991  \r\n(IX of 1991) \r\n[6th April, 1991] \r\nAn \r\nAct \r\nto bring in conformity w ith the injunctions of Islam the law  relating to pre-emption. \r\nPreamble.– Whereas it is expedient to re -enact the existing law relating to pre -\r\nemption, so as to bring it in confor mity with the injunctions of Islam as set out in the \r\nHoly Qur‟an and Sunnah; \r\n It is hereby enacted as follows:– \r\n1. Short title, extent and commencement .– (1) This Act may be called the \r\nPunjab Pre-emption Act, 1991. \r\n (2) It extends to the whole of the Punjab. \r\n (3) It shall come into force at once. \r\n2. Definitions.– In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or \r\ncontext– \r\n2\r\n(a) “immovable property” means immovable property situated in any area \r\nother than an urban area or within cantonment limi ts as declared by \r\nany law relating to Local Bodies or Cantonments, as the case may be, \r\nfor the time being in force; \r\n(b) “pre-emptor” means a person who has the right of pre-emption; \r\n(c) “right of pre -emption” means a right to acquire by purchase an \r\nimmovable property in preference to other persons by reason of such \r\nright; and \r\n(d) “sale” means permanent transfer of the ownership of an immovable \r\nproperty in exchange for a valuable consideration and includes transfer \r\nof an immovable property by way of „hiba bi l-iwaz‟ or „hiba ba -shart-ul-\r\niwaz‟, but does not include– \r\n(i) transfer of an immovable property through inheritance or will or gift, \r\nother than „hiba bil-iwaz‟ or „hiba ba-shart-ul-iwaz‟; \r\n(ii) a sale in execution of a decree for money or of any order of a \r\ncivil, criminal, revenue or any other Court or a Revenue Officer \r\nor any local authority; \r\n                                                 \r\n1This Act w as passed by the Punjab Assembly on 21st March, 1991; assented to by the Governor of the Punjab on 31st March, \r\n1991; and, w as published in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), dated 6th April, 1991, Pages 913-A to 913-G. \r\n2By Order of the Shairat Appellate Bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan in Haji Rana Muhammad Shabbir Ahmad Khan‟s \r\ncase reported in PLD 1994 SC 1, the provisions of section 2(a) of the Act in so far as it excludes from the definition of \r\n“immovable property” all properties situated in urban area or w ithin Cantonment limits, w ere held to be repugnant to the \r\nInjunctions of Islam and they ceased to have effect on 31st December, 1993. \r\n(iii) exchange of agricultural land; and \r\n(iv) transfer of an immovable property for a consideration other than \r\nvaluable consideration, such as the transfer of an immov able \r\nproperty by way of dower or composition in a murder or hurt \r\ncase. \r\n3. Interpretation.– In the interpretation and the application of the provisions of \r\nthis Act, the Court shall seek guidance from the Holy Qur‟an and Sunnah. \r\n4. Act to override other laws .– The provisions of this Act shall have effect \r\nnotwithstanding anything in any other law for the time being in force. \r\n5. Right of pre -emption.– The right of pre-emption shall arise in case of sale of \r\nimmovable property. \r\n6. Persons in whom the right of pre -emption vests .– (1) The right of pre -\r\nemption shall vest– \r\n (a) firstly, in Shafi Sharik; \r\n (b) secondly, in Shafi Khalit; and \r\n (c) thirdly, in Shafi Jar. \r\nExplanation.– (I) „Shafi Sharik‟ means a person who is a co -owner in the corpus of \r\nthe undivided immovable property sold. \r\n(II) „Shafi Khalit‟ means a participator in the special rights attached to the \r\nimmovable property sold, such as right of passage, right of passage of \r\nwater or right of irrigation. \r\n(III) „Shafi Jar‟ means a person who has a right of pre -emption because of \r\nowning an immovable property adjacent to the immovable property \r\nsold. \r\n \r\n3\r\n(2) Notwithstanding anything in sub-section (1), the right of pre-emption shall \r\nbe exercisable only in case of „Zaroorat‟ or to avoid „Zarar‟. \r\n7. Priorities in the ri ght of pre -emption.– Where there are more than one \r\nparticipators in the special rights attached to the immovable property sold, the \r\nperson having a special right shall have precedence over a person having a general \r\nright. \r\nIllustrations \r\n(I) A garden is irrigated by a water course which opens from a small canal. If \r\nthis garden is sold, the person having right of irrigation from the water course shall have \r\nprecedence over a person having right of irrigation from the canal. But if such garden is \r\nirrigated from the small canal, the person having right of irrigation from the water course \r\n                                                 \r\n3By Order of the Shairat Appellate Bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan in Haji Rana Muhammad Shabbir Ahmad Khan‟s \r\ncase reported in PLD 1994 SC 1, the provisions of section 6(2) of the Act as it makes the plaintiff in case of pre-emption liable \r\nto prove that he is exercising the right of Shuf‟ah on the basis of Zaroorat or to avoid Zarar, w ere held to be repugnant to the \r\nInjunctions of Islam and they ceased to have effect on 31st December, 1993. \r\nas well as the person having right of irrigation from the canal shall have the right of pre-\r\nemption. \r\n(II) Where there are more than one pre -emptors and one has right of \r\npassage an d the other has right of passage of water attached to the immovable \r\nproperty sold, the person having right of passage shall have precedence over the \r\nperson having right of passage of water. \r\n(III) A participator in the special rights having his property, on  the basis of \r\nwhich he claims to be the pre -emptor nearer to the immovable property sold, shall \r\nhave precedence over the pre -emptor having such property not so near to the \r\nimmovable property sold. \r\n8. Joint right of pre -emption how exercised .– Where a right  of pre-emption \r\nvests in any class or group of persons, the right may be exercised by all the \r\nmembers of such class or group jointly, and if not exercised by them all jointly, by \r\nany two or more of them jointly, and if not exercised by any two or more of t hem \r\njointly, by them severally. \r\n9. Method of distribution of the property where more than one persons are \r\nequally entitled .– Where more than one persons are found by the Court to be \r\nequally entitled to the right of pre -emption, the property shall be distri buted among \r\nthem in equal shares. \r\nIllustration \r\nA has one half share in a house, B has one -third and C has one-sixth share in \r\nsuch house. If A sells his one half share, the other two co -sharers, namely B and C \r\nshall have equal right of pre -emption in one ha lf of the house and this one half shall \r\nbe distributed between B and C in equal shares and not according to their respective \r\nshares in the house. \r\n10. Withdrawal of claim .– Where there are more than one pre -emptors having \r\nsued jointly or severally and any o f them withdraws his claim before the decision of \r\nthe Court, the remaining pre-emptors shall be entitled to the whole property: \r\n Provided that the claim of the remaining pre -emptors was originally made for \r\nthe whole property. \r\n11. Sale of appurtenances of l and.– Where only trees or a building is sold \r\nwithout land, no right of pre -emption shall exist in such trees or the structures of a \r\nbuilding, but where land is sold with trees and building on it, the trees and buildings \r\nshall be deemed to be included in the land for purposes of the right of pre-emption. \r\n12. Right to revoke sale .– Where the vendor has stipulated in the contract of \r\nsale that it is subject to revocation by him within a period, not exceeding sixty days, \r\nspecified in such contract, the right of pre-emption shall not be exercised until such \r\nperiod has expired: \r\n Provided that option of defect in, or inspection of, the property or the \r\nstipulation as to the vendee‟s right to revoke the contract of sale shall not be a bar to \r\nthe exercise of the right of pre-emption. \r\n13. Demand of pre -emption.– (1) The right of pre -emption of a person shall be \r\nextinguished unless such person makes demands of pre -emption in the following \r\norder, namely– \r\n (a) „talb-i-muwathibat‟; \r\n (b) „talb-i-ishhad‟; and \r\n (c) „talb-i-khusumat‟. \r\nExplanation.– (I) „Talb-i-muwathibat‟ means immediate demand by a pre -emptor, in \r\nthe sitting or meeting (Majlis) in which he has come to know of the sale, declaring his \r\nintention to exercise the right of pre-emption. \r\nNOTE:– Any words indicative of i ntention to exercise the right of pre -emption are \r\nsufficient. \r\n (II) „Talb-i-ishhad‟‟ means demand by establishing evidence. \r\n (III) „Talb-i-khusumat‟‟ means demand by filing a suit. \r\n (2) When the fact of sale comes within the knowledge of pre -emptor \r\nthrough any source, he shall make Talb-i-muwathibat‟. \r\n (3) Where a pre -emptor has made talb -i-muwathibat under sub-section (2), \r\nhe shall as soon thereafter as possible but not later than two weeks from the date of \r\nknowledge make talb -i-ishhad by sending a notice in writing attested by two truthful \r\nwitnesses, under registered cover acknowledgement due, to the vendee, confirming \r\nhis intention to exercise the right of pre-emption: \r\n Provided that in areas where owing to lack of post office facilities it is not \r\npossible for the pre -emptor to give registered notice, he may make talb -i-ishhad in \r\nthe presence of two truthful witnesses. \r\n (4) Where a pre-emptor has satisfied the requirements of talb -i-muwathibat \r\nunder sub-section (2) and talb -i-ishhad under sub -section (3), he shall make talb -i-\r\nkhusumat in the court of competent jurisdiction to enforce his right of pre-emption. \r\n14. Demand by guardian or agent .– Where a person is unable to make \r\ndemands under section 13, his guardian or agent may make the required demands \r\non his behalf. \r\n15. Waiver of the right of pre -emption.– The right of pre -emption shall be \r\ndeemed to have been waived if the pre -emptor has acquiesced in the sale or has \r\ndone any other act of omission or commission which amounts to waiver of the right \r\nof pre-emption. \r\n16. Death of pre -emptor.– Where a pre -emptor dies after making any of the \r\ndemands under section 13, the right of pre -emption shall stand transferred to his \r\nlegal heirs. \r\n17. Abatement of right of pre -emption.– (1) Where a pre -emptor, before the \r\ndecree of a Court, alienates the property on the basis of which he claims the right of \r\npre-emption, such right shall abate. \r\n (2) An alienee of the property under sub -section (1) shall not be entitled to \r\nthe right of pre-emption. \r\n18. Exercise of right of pre -emption by a Muslim and a non -Muslim against \r\neach other .– A Muslim and a non -Muslim may exercise the right of pre -emption \r\nagainst each other. \r\n19. Right of pre -emption non -transferable and indivisible .– (1) Save as \r\nprovided in section 16, the right of pre -emption shall be non -transferable and \r\nindivisible. \r\n (2) The claim for pre -emption shall be made on the whole property pre -\r\nemptible. \r\n20. Where the pre-emptor and vendee equally entitled .– Where the pre-emptor \r\nand the vendee fall within the same class of pre -emptors and have equal right of pre-\r\nemption, the property shall be shared by them equally. \r\n21. Improvements made by the vendee .– Where a vendee has made any \r\nimprovements in the immovable property before talb -i-ishhad is made by the pre -\r\nemptor under sub-section (3) of section 13, the vendee shall be entitled to the cost of \r\nsuch improvements. \r\n22. Improvement made in the status of the vendee -defendant after \r\ninstitution of the suit .– Any improvement made in the status of a vendee-defendant \r\nafter the institution of a suit for pre -emption shall not affect the right of pre -emptor-\r\nplaintiff. \r\n23. No right of pre -emption in respect of certain properties .– (1) No right of \r\npre-emption shall exist in respect of sale of– \r\n(a) waqf property or property used for charitable, reli gious or public \r\npurpose; and \r\n(b) property owned by the Federal or a Provincial Government or a local \r\nauthority. \r\n (2) The property acquired by a Federal or a Provincial Government or a \r\nlocal authority in pursuance of any law shall not be pre-emptible. \r\n24. Plaintiff to deposit sale price of the property .– (1) In every suit for pre -\r\nemption, the Court shall require the plaintiff to deposit in such Court one -third of the \r\nsale price of the property in cash within such period as the Court may fix: \r\n Provided that s uch period shall not extend beyond thirty days of the filing of \r\nthe suit: \r\n Provided further that if no sale price is mentioned in the sale deed or in the \r\nmutation, or the price so mentioned appears to be inflated, the Court shall require deposit \r\nof one-third of the probable value of the property. \r\n (2) Where the plaintiff fails to make a deposit under sub -section (1) within \r\nthe period fixed by the Court, or withdraws the sum so deposited by him, his suit \r\nshall be dismissed. \r\n (3) Every sum deposited under sub -section (1) shall be available for the \r\ndischarge of costs. \r\n (4) The probable value fixed under sub -section (1) shall not affect the final \r\ndetermination of the price payable by the pre-emptor. \r\n25. Deposit or refund of excess price .– (1) Where a Court passe s a decree in \r\nfavour of pre-emptor on payment of a price which is in excess of the amount already \r\ndeposited by the pre -emptor, the Court shall require the pre -emptor to deposit the \r\nremaining amount within thirty days of the passing of the decree. \r\n (2) Where a decree is passed for a lesser amount than the amount already \r\ndeposited by the pre -emptor, the Court shall refund the excess amount to such pre -\r\nemptor. \r\n26. Sum deposited by pre -emptor not to be attached .– No sum deposited in or \r\npaid into Court by a pre -emptor under the provisions of this Act shall, while it is in \r\ncustody of the Court, be liable to attachment by any Civil, Criminal, Revenue or any \r\nother Court or a Revenue Officer or a local authority. \r\n27. Determination of price .– (1) Where the parties do not agree to the price at \r\nwhich the pre -emptor shall exercise his right of pre -emption, the Court shall \r\ndetermine whether the price at which the sale purports to have taken place was fixed \r\nin good faith or paid, and if it finds that the price was not so fi xed or paid, it shall fix \r\nthe market value of the property as the price to be paid by the pre-emptor. \r\n (2) If the Court finds that the price was fixed in good faith or paid, it shall fix \r\nsuch price to be paid by the pre-emptor. \r\n28. Market value how to be d etermined.– For the purpose of determining the \r\nmarket value of a property, the Court may consider the following, among other \r\nmatters, as evidence of such value– \r\n(a) the price or value actually received or to be received by the vendor \r\nfrom the vendee; \r\n(b) the estimated amount of the average annual net profits of the property; \r\n(c) the value of similar property in the neighbourhood; \r\n(d) the value of similar property as shown by previous sales made in the \r\nnear past. \r\n29. Government may exclude areas from pre -emption.– The Government \r\nmay, in the public interest, by a notification in the official Gazette, declare that in any \r\nlocal area or with respect to any sale or class of sale, no right of pre -emption shall \r\nexist or only such limited right, as it may specify, shall exist. \r\n30. Limitation.– The period of limitation for a suit to enforce a right of pre-emption \r\nunder this Act shall be four months from the date– \r\n(a) of the registration of the sale deed; \r\n(b) of the attestation of the mutation, if the sale is made other wise than \r\nthrough a registered sale deed; \r\n(c) on which the vendee takes physical possession of the property if the \r\nsale is made otherwise than through a registered sale deed or a \r\nmutation; or \r\n(d) of knowledge by the pre -emptor, if the sale is not covered u nder \r\nparagraph (a) or paragraph (b) or paragraph (c). \r\n31. Notice.– (1) The Officer registering the sale deed or attesting the mutation of \r\na sale shall, within two weeks of the registration or attestation, as the case may be, \r\ngive public notice in respect of such registration or attestation. \r\n (2) The notice under sub -section (1) shall be deemed to have been \r\nsufficiently given if it is displayed on the main entrance of a mosque and on any \r\nother public place of the village or place where the property is situated. \r\n (3) The charges for the notice under sub -section (2) shall be recovered \r\nfrom the vendee by the Officer registering the sale or attesting the mutation, as the \r\ncase may be, at the time of such registration or attestation. \r\n32. Matters ancillary or akin t o the provisions of this Act.– Matters ancillary or \r\nakin to the provisions of this Act which have not been specifically covered under any \r\nprovision thereof shall be decided according to Shari‟ah. \r\n33. Application of the Civil Procedure Code and Qanun -e-Shahadat Order.– \r\nThe provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Act V of 1908) and Qanun -e-\r\nShahadat Order, 1984 (P.O. X of 1984) or any other law on the subject for the time \r\nbeing in force shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to the proceedings under this Act. \r\n34. Repeal of Act I of 1913 .– (1) The Punjab Pre-emption Act, 1913 (I of 1913) is \r\nhereby repealed. \r\n (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, in the cases and \r\nappeals filed under the Punjab Pre -emption Act, 1913 (I of 1913) in which \r\njudgements a nd decrees had been passed before the 1st day of August, 1986, \r\nfurther proceedings if any relating to such cases and appeals shall notwithstanding \r\nthe repeal of the said Act be governed and continued in accordance with the \r\nprovisions thereof. \r\n35. Saving.– (1) Notwithstanding anything in any other law for the time being in \r\nforce, all the decrees, judgements or orders dismissing the suits of pre -emption, \r\ninstituted or pending between the 1st day of August, 1986 and the 28th March 1990 \r\n(both days inclusive), in which the right of pre-emption was claimed as is available under \r\nthis Act, shall be of no legal effect, and such suits, on an application made by the \r\naggrieved person, within sixty days of coming into force of this Act, shall subject to sub-\r\nsection (2), be decided afresh according to the provisions thereof. \r\n \r\n4\r\n(2) Notwithstanding anything in sections 13 and 30, in respect of the suits \r\nmentioned in sub-section (1), the period of limitation shall be one year and it shall be \r\n                                                 \r\n4By Order of the Shairat Appellate Bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan in Haji Rana Muhammad Shabbir Ahmad Khan‟s \r\ncase reported in PLD 1994 SC 1, the provisions of section 35(2) of the Act in so far as it excepts the suits of pre -emption \r\ninstituted or pending betw een 1st day of August, 1986 and 28th March, 1990 from the requirements of Talab-i-Muw athabat and \r\nbecause they have extended the period of limitation for such suits to one year, w ere held to the repugnant to the Injunctions of \r\nIslam and they ceased to have effect on 31st December, 1993. \r\nsufficient if the pre -emptor estab lishes that he had made „Talb -i-Ishhad‟ in the \r\npresence of two truthful witnesses. \r\n36. Rules.– Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, make rules \r\nfor carrying out the purposes of this Act. \r\n37. Repeal of Ordinance IX of 1991 .– The Punjab Pre-emption Ordinance, 1991 \r\n(IX of 1991), is hereby repealed.",
  "passage_offset_convention": "zero-based Unicode code points and UTF8 bytes; end exclusive",
  "passages": [
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4:chars-0-1711:d01a5360973d64ac667f16ed0ad76248c153da54566d4483ffceb11919906cc7",
      "character_start": 0,
      "character_end": 1711,
      "utf8_byte_start": 0,
      "utf8_byte_end": 1711,
      "passage_sha256": "d01a5360973d64ac667f16ed0ad76248c153da54566d4483ffceb11919906cc7",
      "reader_fragment": "p-0-1711-d01a5360973d64ac"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4:chars-1711-3401:a26150012901ed5f02ae6b2cf93af8a7622564a2a580a5a74a55d39a995ad7b5",
      "character_start": 1711,
      "character_end": 3401,
      "utf8_byte_start": 1711,
      "utf8_byte_end": 3447,
      "passage_sha256": "a26150012901ed5f02ae6b2cf93af8a7622564a2a580a5a74a55d39a995ad7b5",
      "reader_fragment": "p-1711-3401-a26150012901ed5f"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4:chars-3401-5162:564b97ad3e3629e3d28a0e01472fd3815daed52d7d70495e1168fcd78b92fca2",
      "character_start": 3401,
      "character_end": 5162,
      "utf8_byte_start": 3447,
      "utf8_byte_end": 5236,
      "passage_sha256": "564b97ad3e3629e3d28a0e01472fd3815daed52d7d70495e1168fcd78b92fca2",
      "reader_fragment": "p-3401-5162-564b97ad3e3629e3"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4:chars-5162-6892:753515e9804bfa13e9fa5b65ee1821ad01b49db4d40517ab9cc0d4808a9147b5",
      "character_start": 5162,
      "character_end": 6892,
      "utf8_byte_start": 5236,
      "utf8_byte_end": 6984,
      "passage_sha256": "753515e9804bfa13e9fa5b65ee1821ad01b49db4d40517ab9cc0d4808a9147b5",
      "reader_fragment": "p-5162-6892-753515e9804bfa13"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4:chars-6892-8634:7c99618e84d5d44ebc14fc0c472ec9e31235f093b406e250ae94c356eb27d902",
      "character_start": 6892,
      "character_end": 8634,
      "utf8_byte_start": 6984,
      "utf8_byte_end": 8732,
      "passage_sha256": "7c99618e84d5d44ebc14fc0c472ec9e31235f093b406e250ae94c356eb27d902",
      "reader_fragment": "p-6892-8634-7c99618e84d5d44e"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4:chars-8634-10412:308c39bc93f2315d52e6088d51c950428c8a4641633f744a5d15c3f5c70e3cbf",
      "character_start": 8634,
      "character_end": 10412,
      "utf8_byte_start": 8732,
      "utf8_byte_end": 10554,
      "passage_sha256": "308c39bc93f2315d52e6088d51c950428c8a4641633f744a5d15c3f5c70e3cbf",
      "reader_fragment": "p-8634-10412-308c39bc93f2315d"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4:chars-10412-12195:0f3e6b14bf3aa852598a2c77e30292c0e1ddcad4204264c7c3ba6920ab65c338",
      "character_start": 10412,
      "character_end": 12195,
      "utf8_byte_start": 10554,
      "utf8_byte_end": 12345,
      "passage_sha256": "0f3e6b14bf3aa852598a2c77e30292c0e1ddcad4204264c7c3ba6920ab65c338",
      "reader_fragment": "p-10412-12195-0f3e6b14bf3aa852"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4:chars-12195-13921:e00d7ca5fa22d351f7f1af8a24cfb5a542c3a4046b028bec6413223268385095",
      "character_start": 12195,
      "character_end": 13921,
      "utf8_byte_start": 12345,
      "utf8_byte_end": 14087,
      "passage_sha256": "e00d7ca5fa22d351f7f1af8a24cfb5a542c3a4046b028bec6413223268385095",
      "reader_fragment": "p-12195-13921-e00d7ca5fa22d351"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4:chars-13921-15648:17d81dbd8136a33892b2f24cb10fb015ba5ffb21c385ab75f00a74a717f71e7d",
      "character_start": 13921,
      "character_end": 15648,
      "utf8_byte_start": 14087,
      "utf8_byte_end": 15818,
      "passage_sha256": "17d81dbd8136a33892b2f24cb10fb015ba5ffb21c385ab75f00a74a717f71e7d",
      "reader_fragment": "p-13921-15648-17d81dbd8136a338"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4:chars-15648-17413:8b5783bfdd7fdecf26c0854e5efc971a0586f789b8e99cb4130a81171ef14a48",
      "character_start": 15648,
      "character_end": 17413,
      "utf8_byte_start": 15818,
      "utf8_byte_end": 17595,
      "passage_sha256": "8b5783bfdd7fdecf26c0854e5efc971a0586f789b8e99cb4130a81171ef14a48",
      "reader_fragment": "p-15648-17413-8b5783bfdd7fdecf"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4:chars-17413-19213:7d299d0228f01b7371f7e41413caf328f0dab50b04270e59ab56c22c968c99a5",
      "character_start": 17413,
      "character_end": 19213,
      "utf8_byte_start": 17595,
      "utf8_byte_end": 19405,
      "passage_sha256": "7d299d0228f01b7371f7e41413caf328f0dab50b04270e59ab56c22c968c99a5",
      "reader_fragment": "p-17413-19213-7d299d0228f01b73"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4:chars-19213-20994:6bb110bd10ae75bfa6149429038fde8eec6dde791a57b2eda9f37940ed5f81c6",
      "character_start": 19213,
      "character_end": 20994,
      "utf8_byte_start": 19405,
      "utf8_byte_end": 21196,
      "passage_sha256": "6bb110bd10ae75bfa6149429038fde8eec6dde791a57b2eda9f37940ed5f81c6",
      "reader_fragment": "p-19213-20994-6bb110bd10ae75bf"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-73324714681e6060:sha256:d92dc0d9e3e1e4bd5868ef2a19020696eec42c6cc71dc64b5e3cc713ee4ff1f4:chars-20994-21151:0a76d501e8e208b975cf94279e08836c9b241ce6bc09d459ffce878a38b2683a",
      "character_start": 20994,
      "character_end": 21151,
      "utf8_byte_start": 21196,
      "utf8_byte_end": 21355,
      "passage_sha256": "0a76d501e8e208b975cf94279e08836c9b241ce6bc09d459ffce878a38b2683a",
      "reader_fragment": "p-20994-21151-0a76d501e8e208b9"
    }
  ]
}