{ "schema_version": "qanun-law-text/1", "id": "punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a", "title": "PUNJAB ROAD SAFETY AUTHORITY ACT 2023", "source_collection": "Punjab", "content_kind": "stored_law_text", "content_extent": null, "source_url": "https://punjabcode.punjab.gov.pk/en/show_article/XGwGMQQzBzIBZQ--", "version": null, "source_snapshot": "2026-08-06T17:00:13Z", "legal_status": "not independently verified", "text_quality": "Complete stored UTF-8 TXT file recovered byte-for-byte from owned Drive. Source transcription retained verbatim; legal completeness, OCR accuracy and current consolidation unverified.", "text_sha256": "f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d", "source_sha256": "f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d", "text_version_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d", "quality_flags": [], "encoding": "UTF-8", "text": "THE PUNJAB ROAD SAFETY AUTHORITY ACT 2023 \r\n(XIII of 2023) \r\nCONTENTS \r\n1. Short title, extent and commencement \r\n2. Definitions \r\n3. Authority \r\n4. Composition of the Authority \r\n5. Qualification of members \r\n6. Functions of the Authority \r\n7. Agencies \r\n8. Drivers Training and Safety Agency \r\n9. Vehicle Safety Agency \r\n10. Road Design Safety Agency \r\n11. Post-crash Investigation and Research Agency \r\n12. Laboratories \r\n13. Director General \r\n14. Appointments \r\n15. Appointment by transfer \r\n16. Power to enter \r\n17. Appeals \r\n18. Public servants \r\n19. Recall of vehicles \r\n20. Offences \r\n21. Delegation of powers \r\n22. Authentication of instruments of Authority \r\n22-A. Fund of the Authority \r\n22-B. Budget and accounts \r\n22-C. Audit \r\n23. Annual report \r\n24. Indemnity \r\n25. Act to be in addition to the Ordinance \r\n26. Public information \r\n27. Regulations \r\n28. Power to make rules \r\n29. Repeal \r\n30. Protection of rules made under the Ordinance \r\nSCHEDULE \r\n \r\nTEXT \r\n1\r\nTHE PUNJAB ROAD SAFETY AUTHORITY ACT 2023 \r\n(XIII of 2023) \r\n[17 February 2023] \r\nAn \r\nAct \r\nto provide for road safety in the Punjab. \r\nIt is necessary to establish the Punjab Road Safety Authority to ensure safe road design, safe \r\nvehicles, trained drivers, and post-accident management by adopting best international \r\npractices. \r\nBe it enacted by Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as follows: \r\n1. Short title, extent and commencement.– (1) This Act may be cited as the Punjab Road \r\nSafety Authority Act 2023. \r\n(2) This Act shall extend to whole of the Punjab. \r\n(3) This Act shall come into force at once. \r\n2. Definitions.– In this Act: \r\n(a) “Agency” means an Agency notified under this Act; \r\n(b) “Authority” means the Punjab Road Safety Authority established under this Act; \r\n(c) “device” means a road traffic control device used to protect road users from the \r\nrisk of injury or death and includes signs, signals, road markings, safety \r\nbarriers, gantries etc. to inform, guide and control traffic including pedestrians, \r\nmotor vehicles, bicyclists; \r\n(d) “driver” means a driver as defined in the Ordinance; \r\n(e) “driving license” means the document issued by the competent authority \r\nauthorizing the person specified therein to drive a motor vehicle of any specified \r\nclass or description; \r\n(f) “Government” means Government of the Punjab; \r\n(g) “manufacturer” includes an assembler, fabricator or body builder of vehicles; \r\n(h) “member” means a member of the Authority; \r\n(i) “motor vehicle” means the motor vehicle as defined in the Ordinance; \r\n(j) “Ordinance” means the Provincial Motor Vehicles Ordinance, 1965 (XIX of \r\n1965); \r\n(k) “person” includes an individual, company, firm, institution, Government agency, \r\nco-operative society, society, trust or association of individuals whether \r\nincorporated or not; \r\n(l) “prescribed” means prescribed by the rules made under this Act; \r\n(m) “regulations” means the regulations framed under this Act; \r\n(n) “road” includes expressways, highways, motorways, public roads, cart-ways \r\nwhich are designed or intended for, or used by the general public for the \r\npassage of vehicles; \r\n \r\n1This Act was passed by Provincial Assembly of the Punjab on 09 January 2023; and was assented to by Governor of the Punjab on 23 \r\nJanuary 2023; and was published in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), dated: 17 February 2023, pp.3891-3896. \r\n(o) “road safety” means safety of vehicles, roads, road users, and includes \r\nmeasures such as road signs and systems; \r\n(p) “rules” means the rules made under this Act; \r\n(q) “specified” means specified by the regulations framed under this Act; \r\n(r) “specialized vehicle” means a vehicle which the Government may, from time to \r\ntime, notify as such in the official Gazette; \r\n(s) “vehicle” includes a motor vehicle, non-motorized vehicle and specialized \r\nvehicle; and \r\n(t) “vehicular attachment” means an item not required for the normal or basic use \r\nof the vehicle but attached to a vehicle for a specific purpose. \r\n3. Authority.– (1) The Government shall, by notification in the official Gazette, establish \r\nan Authority to be known as the Punjab Road Safety Authority for carrying out the purposes \r\nof this Act. \r\n(2) The Authority shall be a body corporate, having perpetual succession and a \r\ncommon seal, with power to enter into contracts, acquire or dispose of property, and may, by \r\nthe said name, sue or be sued. \r\n4. Composition of the Authority.– (1) The Authority shall consist of the following: \r\n(a) Minister for Transport of the Government; Chairperson \r\n(b) Secretary to the Government, Transport \r\nDepartment; \r\nVice Chairperson \r\n(c) Secretary to the Government, \r\nCommunication and Works Department; \r\nmember \r\n \r\n(d) Secretary to the Government, Excise, \r\nTaxation and Narcotics Control Department; \r\nmember \r\n(e) Secretary to the Government, Environment \r\nProtection Department; \r\nmember \r\n(f) Secretary to the Government, Industries, \r\nCommerce, Investment and Skills \r\nDevelopment Department; \r\nmember \r\n(g) Additional Inspector General, Traffic Police; member \r\n(h) Secretary Provincial Transport Authority; member \r\n(i) Director General of the Authority member/secretary \r\n(j) one member of Provincial Assembly of the \r\nPunjab to be nominated by the Chief \r\nMinister; \r\nmember \r\n(k) three persons representing academic \r\ndisciplines related to transport safety or \r\nmanagement; \r\nmembers \r\n(l) one person representing the motor transport \r\nindustry; \r\nmember \r\n(m) one person having experience of transport \r\nmanagement; and \r\nmember \r\n(n) any other member co-opted by the Authority. member \r\n(2) The Government shall nominate the members mentioned at clauses (k), (l) and \r\n(m) of subsection (1) for a term of three years. \r\n(3) A member, other than ex-officio member, shall not be nominated as a member \r\nof the Authority for more than two consecutive terms. \r\n(4) An ex-officio member may be represented by an officer not below the rank of \r\nAdditional Secretary of the concerned department, or Deputy Inspector General of Police, as \r\nthe case may be. \r\n(5) No act or proceedings of the Authority shall be invalid merely by reason of any \r\nvacancy in the constitution of the Authority. \r\n(6) Seven members of the Authority including at least one member from the \r\nacademia shall constitute the quorum for a meeting of the Authority. \r\n(7) The Authority shall meet at least once in four months. \r\n(8) The Chairperson and, in his absence, the Vice Chairperson shall preside over \r\nmeetings of the Authority. \r\n5. Qualification of members.– A person shall not be nominated as member or shall not \r\ncontinue to be a member who: \r\n(a) is or, at any time, has been convicted of an offence involving moral turpitude; or \r\n(b) has a financial interest in any scheme or a conflicting interest, directly or \r\nindirectly, between his interests as a member and his private interests, and has \r\nfailed to disclose such interest in writing to the Government. \r\n6. Functions of the Authority.– Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Authority shall \r\nperform the following functions: \r\n(a) advise the Government on all matters relating to road safety; \r\n(b) regulate drivers training, safety and licensing; \r\n(c) regulate vehicle safety and manufacturing standards; \r\n(d) specify standards and criteria for grant of driving licenses; \r\n(e) regulate safety standards in designing roads; \r\n(f) collect, compile, maintain, develop and analyze road safety data; \r\n(g) initiate and monitor road safety audits and inspections; \r\n(h) undertake research and development relating to road safety; \r\n(i) constitute committees for purposes of this Act; \r\n(j) mutual cooperation with agencies and institutes involved in road and vehicle safety; \r\n 2[(jj) approve its budget;] \r\n(k) develop and implement public awareness and education campaigns regarding road \r\nsafety; and \r\n(l) any other function relating to road safety. \r\n7. Agencies.– (1) The Authority shall have the following Agencies: \r\n(a) Drivers Training and Safety Agency; \r\n \r\n2Inserted by the Punjab Road Safety Authority (Amendment) Act 2025 (LIX of 2025) , published in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), \r\ndated : 01 July 2025,pp 01-03.s.2. \r\n \r\n \r\n(b) Vehicle Safety Agency; \r\n(c) Road Design Safety Agency; and \r\n(d) Post-crash Investigation and Research Agency. \r\n(2) Each Agency shall have such composition as the Government may by \r\nnotification in the official Gazette determine. \r\n8. Drivers Training and Safety Agency.– (1) An officer authorized to conduct a driving \r\ntest or to issue a driving license under the Ordinance shall ensure compliance with \r\nstandards, curriculum and other requirements set by the Authority for testing and grant of \r\ndriving licenses. \r\n(2) The Agency shall specify requirements for drivers training schools and driving \r\ninstructors and every drivers training school shall comply with the requirements specified by \r\nthe Agency. \r\n(3) Subject to subsection (2), the Agency shall grant accreditation to drivers \r\ntraining schools. \r\n(4) The Agency may inspect and/or audit the procedures for testing and grant of \r\ndriving licenses to check compliance with standards and requirements specified by it under \r\nsubsection (1). \r\n(5) The Agency may inspect and/or audit drivers training schools to check \r\ncompliance with requirements specified by it under subsection (2). \r\n(6) Where the Authority finds that the provisions of this section are not being \r\ncomplied with, it shall place the matter before the Government for appropriate decision as to \r\ntime period within which the provisions of this section are to be complied with and for the \r\ndecision regarding the continued operation or otherwise till such time. \r\n9. Vehicle Safety Agency.– (1) The Agency shall specify manufacturing standards for \r\nvehicles, vehicular attachments, trolleys, trailers, including body building, fabrication to be \r\nfixed on vehicles and requirements for modification or alteration of vehicles. \r\n(2) Every manufacturer shall provide a certificate to the Agency that the vehicle, \r\nbody, trailer, trolley or vehicular attachment in question complies with the standards and \r\nrequirements set by the Agency, and such certificate shall indicate the checks made to \r\nensure compliance and the laboratory where these checks were made. \r\n(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in subsection (2), the Agency may require \r\na manufacturer to make available one or more samples of a vehicle, trailer, trolley or \r\nvehicular attachment for inspection and compliance of checks, and when so required, the \r\nmanufacturer shall make available the sample or samples selected by an officer authorized \r\nby the Agency. \r\n(4) No vehicle shall be registered or continued to be registered by any authority \r\nempowered to register vehicles unless it complies with the standards and requirement set by \r\nthe Agency. \r\n(5) No person shall ply a vehicle not registered in the province, which does not \r\ncomply with the standards and requirements specified by the Agency with regard to that \r\nvehicle. \r\n10. Road Design Safety Agency.– (1) Every department, agency or authority of the \r\nGovernment responsible for an existing road shall submit its design and alignment to the \r\nAgency for road safety audit. \r\n(2) Any person, authority, agency or department involved in the planning, design \r\nand construction of roads shall obtain a road design safety certificate from the Agency prior \r\nto approval of the scheme and a design approved by the Agency shall not be altered without \r\nits prior permission. \r\n(3) The Agency shall check the design and either issue a design safety certificate \r\nor directions to alter the design to bring it in conformity with safety requirements \r\n(4) Where a direction is issued to alter/modify the design, the road management \r\nagency or the agency, department or authority responsible for the road shall take measure to \r\nbring the road in compliance with the safety requirements. \r\n(5) The Agency shall classify the roads with regard to functionality, design and/or \r\noperability. \r\n(6) The Agency shall specify: \r\n(a) design and operating speed limits of various categories of roads; \r\n(b) usage of roads from safety perspective; and \r\n(c) loads and volume limits of various categories of road. \r\n(7) All road traffic control devices shall comply with the specifications approved by \r\nthe Agency. \r\n(8) The Agency shall set standards for road furniture, bus shelters, walkways \r\nand/or pedestrian crossings and every Government or land management agency shall \r\ncomply with the standards. \r\n11. Post-crash Investigation and Research Agency.– (1) The Agency may investigate \r\nor cause an investigation to be undertaken to determine whether an accident was caused by \r\nthe condition of the vehicle or the condition and/or design of the road or both, when so \r\nrequested by the police or the Government. \r\n(2) The Agency shall provide its findings to the police or the Government, as the \r\ncase may be. \r\n(3) The police shall maintain and provide a record of accidents in the manner \r\nspecified by the Authority. \r\n12. Laboratories.– (1) The Authority shall establish one or more vehicle testing \r\nlaboratories as part of the Vehicle Safety Agency, which shall be equipped with the latest \r\ntesting facilities and equipment. \r\n(2) The laboratory shall be required to obtain relevant international certification. \r\n13. Director General.– (1) The Government shall appoint the Director General of the \r\nAuthority. \r\n(2) The Director General shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Authority. \r\n(3) The Director General shall have such qualifications and requirements as may \r\nbe prescribed and until so prescribed as may be determined by the Government. \r\n(4) The Director General shall receive such salary and allowances, and shall \r\nperform such functions as may be prescribed and until so prescribed as may be determined \r\nby the Government. \r\n3[14. Appointments.– Authority may appoint such employees, experts, or consultants and other \r\nstaff in such manner and on such terms and conditions as may be specified, and until so specified, as \r\nmay be determined by the authority.] \r\n \r\n3Substituted by the Punjab Road Safety Authority (Amendment) Act 2025 (LIX of 2025) published in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), \r\ndated : 01 July 2025,pp 01-03.s.3 \r\n15. Appointment by transfer.– (1) The Government may, on its own or on the request of \r\nthe Authority, transfer the services of an employee to the Authority on the terms and \r\nconditions which shall not be less favorable than those admissible to him immediately before \r\nhis transfer to the Authority. \r\n(2) An employee transferred under subsection (1) shall continue to be an employee \r\nof the Government. \r\n16. Power to enter.– An officer authorized by the Authority may, whenever it is necessary \r\nfor purposes of this Act and at all reasonable times, may: \r\n(a) enter into a premises; \r\n(b) conduct surveys, audits and investigations; \r\n(c) associate and examine persons for finding of facts; \r\n(d) inspect records, vehicles, bus/wagon and other related stations, workshops \r\netc.; \r\n(e) mark such boundaries and lines by placing marks etc. to preserve accident \r\nscene; and \r\n(f) do such other acts or things as may be prescribed. \r\n17. Appeals.– Any person aggrieved by an order passed under this Act, rules or \r\nregulations, may, within thirty days from the date of receipt of the order, prefer an appeal to \r\nsuch authority or officer as the Government may, by notification, specify. \r\n18. Public servants.– The Chairperson, members of the Authority, employees, experts and \r\nconsultants of the Authority shall, when acting or purporting to act in pursuance of any of the \r\nprovisions of this Act, be deemed to be public servants within the meaning of section 21 of the \r\nPakistan Penal Code, 1860 (XLV of 1860). \r\n19. Recall of vehicles.– (1) Where the Authority finds that a vehicle suffers from a \r\nmanufacturing or design defect at any point in time, which makes the vehicle unsafe, the \r\nAuthority, may direct to recall, modify or update such vehicle to make it safe. \r\n(2) Where any person including the manufacturer fails to recall, modify or update a \r\nvehicle under subsection (1), the Authority may direct the registering authority to de-register \r\nthe vehicle, and the registering authority shall proceed to de-register such vehicle within such \r\nperiod of time as may be specified by the Authority. \r\n20. Offences.– A person who plies a vehicle in violation of section 9 shall be guilty of an \r\noffence punishable with fine, which may extend to rupees five thousand and/or confiscation \r\nof the vehicle in question. \r\n21. Delegation of powers.– The Authority may, with or without conditions, delegate to the \r\nDirector General, a committee, a member, an employee of the Authority any of its functions \r\nexcept the following functions: \r\n(a) to frame rules and regulations; \r\n(b) to appoint a committee or sub-committee of the Authority; \r\n(c) to approve policies and guidelines of the Authority; \r\n(d) to approve annual report \r\n4\r\n[and budget] of the Authority; and \r\n(e) to consider audit report of the Authority. \r\n \r\n4Inserted by the Punjab Road Safety Authority (Amendment) Act 2025 (LIX of 2025 ), published in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), \r\ndated : 01 July 2025,pp 01-03.s.4. \r\n22. Authentication of instruments of Authority.– All orders, decisions and other \r\ninstruments of the Authority shall be authenticated by the signature of the Director General or \r\nany other employee of the Authority authorized by the Authority. \r\n5\r\n[22-A. Fund of the Authority .- (1) There shall be a Fund to be known as the Punjab \r\nRoad Safety Authority Fund which shall vest in the Authority and be utilized by the \r\nAuthority to perform its functions and meet its expenses including payment of salaries and \r\nother remuneration to its of ficers, employees, experts, advisers and consultants in such \r\nmanner as may be prescribed by the regulations. \r\n(2) The Fund shall consist of: \r\n(a) funds provided by the Government; \r\n(b) loans and grants by the Government or the Federal Government; \r\n(c) all moneys received from the Federal Government, Government and their \r\nbodies, local government, or any national or international agency by way of \r\ngrants, loans, advances or otherwise, with the sanction of and on such terms \r\nand conditions as may be approved by the Government; \r\n(d) all moneys received by the Authority from the disposal of its lands, buildings \r\nand other moveable and immovable properties; and \r\n(e) all other sums received by the Authority. \r\n (3) The Authority may raise funds through is suance of Government securities \r\nwith the approval of the Government. \r\n (4) The Authority shall open and maintain its accounts in such scheduled banks \r\nas may be prescribed in the regulations and until so prescribed as the Authority may \r\ndetermine. \r\n22-B. Budget and accounts .- (1) The Direc tor General shall prepare the budget of the \r\nAuthority for each financial year and present it to the Authority for its approval in such \r\nmanner and at such time as may be determined by the Authority. \r\n (2) The Authority shall maintain proper accounts and other records relating to its \r\nfinancial affairs including its income, expenditure, assets and liabilities in such form and \r\nmanner as may be prescribed through regulations. \r\n (3) After conclusion of a financial year, the Authority shall, in the manner as may \r\nbe prescribed, cause to be prepared for financial year, its statement of account which shall \r\ninclude a balance sheet and an account of income and expenditure. \r\n (4) No expenditure for which provision has not been made in the approved \r\nbudget shall be incurred without prior approval of the Authority. \r\n (5) The Authority may delegate its powers to Director General to administer and \r\nincur expenditure in matter of general or urgent nature subject to such conditions as the \r\nAuthority may determine. \r\n22-C. Audit.- (1) The audit shall be conducted by the Auditor General of Pakistan. \r\n (2) In addition to the audit under sub -section (1), the Authority shall appoint or \r\nhire services of a chartered accountant or a firm of chartered accountants for the purpose \r\nof annual audit of its accounts. \r\n (3) The Director General shall, within six months of the close of a financial year, \r\nsubmit the annual statement of accounts along with the report of the auditor to the \r\nAuthority.] \r\n \r\n5Inserted by the Punjab Road Safety Authority (Amendment) Act 2025 (LIX of 2025), published in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), \r\ndated : 01 July 2025,pp 01-03.s.5. \r\n23. Annual report.– (1) The Authority shall, within three months of the close of a financial year, \r\nsubmit to the Government an annual report. \r\n(2) The report shall consist of: \r\n(a) the statement of accounts and audit reports of the Authority; \r\n(b) a comprehensive statement of the work and activities of the Authority during \r\nthe preceding financial year and its proposed projects and schemes; and \r\n(c) such other matters as may be prescribed or as the Authority may consider \r\nappropriate. \r\n(3) The Government shall, within three months of the receipt of the annual report \r\nfrom the Authority, cause it to be laid in Provincial Assembly of the Punjab. \r\n24. Indemnity.– No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against the \r\nAuthority, an Agency, a member, officer, consultant and other employee of the Authority, in \r\nrespect of anything caused or done or intended to be caused or done in good faith under this \r\nAct. \r\n25. Act to be in addition to the Ordinance.– The provisions of this Act shall be enforced \r\nin addition to the provisions of the Ordinance, unless they are inconsistent with the same and \r\nin that case the provisions of this Act shall have overriding effect. \r\n26. Public information.– The Authority shall maintain a website which shall contain \r\nupdated information about the following: \r\n(a) vehicles classification and specifications; \r\n(b) road classifications and their characteristics; \r\n(c) vehicles subject to recall, modifications or updation; \r\n(d) roads or sections of roads which have not been granted safety certificates; \r\n(e) list of accredited driving schools; \r\n(f) annual reports; \r\n(g) driver’s testing requirements; and \r\n(h) data about accidents. \r\n27. Regulations.– (1) Subject to this Act and the rules, the Authority may frame \r\nregulations for giving effect to the provisions of this Act. \r\n(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in subsection (1), the Authority shall make \r\nregulations within six months of the commencement of this Act for: \r\n(a) classification of vehicles and the requirements thereof; \r\n(b) manner and procedure of testing of drivers; \r\n(c) establishment of driver training schools; and \r\n(d) conduct of road safety inspection and audit. \r\n28. Power to make rules.– The Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, \r\nmake rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act. \r\n29. Repeal.– On commencement of this Act, the provisions of the Ordinance listed in the \r\nSchedule appended to this Act shall stand repealed/amended to the extent mentioned \r\ntherein. \r\n30. Protection of rules made under the Ordinance.– The rules made under the \r\nOrdinance pertaining to vehicle standards and safety shall remain in force until the Authority \r\nspecifies the standards under section 9 of this Act. \r\n \r\nSCHEDULE \r\n(see section 29) \r\nSection Law Amendment/ Repeal \r\nsection 33 Provincial Motor \r\nVehicles Ordinance, \r\n1965 (XIX of 1965) \r\nIn section 33, in subsection (1): \r\n(a) after the words “that authority”, the \r\nwords “along with certificate of compliance \r\nof standards pertaining to alteration of \r\nvehicles under the Punjab Road Safety \r\nAuthority Act 2023” shall be inserted; and \r\n(b) proviso to subsection (1) shall be \r\nomitted. \r\nsection 95 Provincial Motor \r\nVehicles Ordinance, \r\n1965 (XIX of 1965) \r\nIn section 95, after the words “Government” \r\nthe expression “or the Authority established \r\nunder the Punjab Road Safety Authority Act \r\n2023” shall be inserted. \r\n________", "passage_offset_convention": "zero-based Unicode code points and UTF8 bytes; end exclusive", "passages": [ { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-0-1772:862799e0458b519a32fb71e8eeb8a0072140defb1c7783e11ae69503e36d9486", "character_start": 0, "character_end": 1772, "utf8_byte_start": 0, "utf8_byte_end": 1784, "passage_sha256": "862799e0458b519a32fb71e8eeb8a0072140defb1c7783e11ae69503e36d9486", "reader_fragment": "p-0-1772-862799e0458b519a" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-1772-3572:2bf821c8ecb19f6e6d02eaaee981ee26a9c109b4bf356f5a771a6c5f1e339128", "character_start": 1772, "character_end": 3572, "utf8_byte_start": 1784, "utf8_byte_end": 3636, "passage_sha256": "2bf821c8ecb19f6e6d02eaaee981ee26a9c109b4bf356f5a771a6c5f1e339128", "reader_fragment": "p-1772-3572-2bf821c8ecb19f6e" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-3572-5371:eec141aea7a53b158c4798055c26b5e7039e5f4b7b70eabfb40a20a35348c990", "character_start": 3572, "character_end": 5371, "utf8_byte_start": 3636, "utf8_byte_end": 5459, "passage_sha256": "eec141aea7a53b158c4798055c26b5e7039e5f4b7b70eabfb40a20a35348c990", "reader_fragment": "p-3572-5371-eec141aea7a53b15" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-5371-7152:536f0dfe3ebc25bd77eec908b329975fac047792133dad09123e6cd23f8e87c6", "character_start": 5371, "character_end": 7152, "utf8_byte_start": 5459, "utf8_byte_end": 7244, "passage_sha256": "536f0dfe3ebc25bd77eec908b329975fac047792133dad09123e6cd23f8e87c6", "reader_fragment": "p-5371-7152-536f0dfe3ebc25bd" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-7152-8895:5ea86854436c7eeb742bb36846d6bccf3d3f0f8fb221916ce9a3a9fa255f1e0e", "character_start": 7152, "character_end": 8895, "utf8_byte_start": 7244, "utf8_byte_end": 8991, "passage_sha256": "5ea86854436c7eeb742bb36846d6bccf3d3f0f8fb221916ce9a3a9fa255f1e0e", "reader_fragment": "p-7152-8895-5ea86854436c7eeb" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-8895-10649:c8274442607bed98f21a0fd5f9e1c1095d31dbff32d0224acd14326cd7ed4755", "character_start": 8895, "character_end": 10649, "utf8_byte_start": 8991, "utf8_byte_end": 10747, "passage_sha256": "c8274442607bed98f21a0fd5f9e1c1095d31dbff32d0224acd14326cd7ed4755", "reader_fragment": "p-8895-10649-c8274442607bed98" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-10649-12395:394399a74177c68bc050701f71bb68c1b9ac61b884cfc69c3d44bbe44df1ca20", "character_start": 10649, "character_end": 12395, "utf8_byte_start": 10747, "utf8_byte_end": 12495, "passage_sha256": "394399a74177c68bc050701f71bb68c1b9ac61b884cfc69c3d44bbe44df1ca20", "reader_fragment": "p-10649-12395-394399a74177c68b" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-12395-14107:190e3c2c84966b101d4b2f39f30fe96204c47b88cd64b7cb499997703123f6a0", "character_start": 12395, "character_end": 14107, "utf8_byte_start": 12495, "utf8_byte_end": 14213, "passage_sha256": "190e3c2c84966b101d4b2f39f30fe96204c47b88cd64b7cb499997703123f6a0", "reader_fragment": "p-12395-14107-190e3c2c84966b10" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-14107-15862:91814379619afbcfd0fa1501707dfc9cd811dd5d4e5805cd5b243abf66201ee8", "character_start": 14107, "character_end": 15862, "utf8_byte_start": 14213, "utf8_byte_end": 15978, "passage_sha256": "91814379619afbcfd0fa1501707dfc9cd811dd5d4e5805cd5b243abf66201ee8", "reader_fragment": "p-14107-15862-91814379619afbcf" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-15862-17652:0e1f29bc4c30560c3ca017455d70a656d1103d5f77c8ab80afa692ead5c7df78", "character_start": 15862, "character_end": 17652, "utf8_byte_start": 15978, "utf8_byte_end": 17774, "passage_sha256": "0e1f29bc4c30560c3ca017455d70a656d1103d5f77c8ab80afa692ead5c7df78", "reader_fragment": "p-15862-17652-0e1f29bc4c30560c" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-17652-19414:a1cf221f0456e7886c0409ec48d0d971f6427b5edd6d283c6a194a26ab4215ab", "character_start": 17652, "character_end": 19414, "utf8_byte_start": 17774, "utf8_byte_end": 19538, "passage_sha256": "a1cf221f0456e7886c0409ec48d0d971f6427b5edd6d283c6a194a26ab4215ab", "reader_fragment": "p-17652-19414-a1cf221f0456e788" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-19414-21212:1f04ae089e0097c562236ca9739fde0a6b103d420fb8ba3902ece1f529335eb2", "character_start": 19414, "character_end": 21212, "utf8_byte_start": 19538, "utf8_byte_end": 21338, "passage_sha256": "1f04ae089e0097c562236ca9739fde0a6b103d420fb8ba3902ece1f529335eb2", "reader_fragment": "p-19414-21212-1f04ae089e0097c5" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-21212-22981:b897a57c015f603524bf51dd70ae6caddac8cd91dc297166f7bfcf5f63d73f5f", "character_start": 21212, "character_end": 22981, "utf8_byte_start": 21338, "utf8_byte_end": 23117, "passage_sha256": "b897a57c015f603524bf51dd70ae6caddac8cd91dc297166f7bfcf5f63d73f5f", "reader_fragment": "p-21212-22981-b897a57c015f6035" }, { "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-737b7bda16d0e15a:sha256:f29884088863f2634e9b37ea938ce9bc1c27904f6f7bdc1b2ee10736d3e8119d:chars-22981-24520:e12ffbce3ee38eae80960d1c1d61afb4636c15f03fc2f45e7e803cae281a7904", "character_start": 22981, "character_end": 24520, "utf8_byte_start": 23117, "utf8_byte_end": 24678, "passage_sha256": "e12ffbce3ee38eae80960d1c1d61afb4636c15f03fc2f45e7e803cae281a7904", "reader_fragment": "p-22981-24520-e12ffbce3ee38eae" } ] }