{
  "schema_version": "qanun-law-text/1",
  "id": "punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413",
  "title": "MINHAJ UNIVERSITY LAHORE ACT, 2005",
  "source_collection": "Punjab",
  "content_kind": "stored_law_text",
  "content_extent": null,
  "source_url": "https://punjabcode.punjab.gov.pk/en/show_article/AzZcaFZnAjs-",
  "version": null,
  "source_snapshot": "2026-08-06T16:40:44Z",
  "legal_status": "not independently verified",
  "text_quality": "Complete stored UTF-8 TXT file recovered byte-for-byte from owned Drive. Source transcription retained verbatim; legal completeness, OCR accuracy and current consolidation unverified.",
  "text_sha256": "4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2",
  "source_sha256": "4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2",
  "text_version_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2",
  "quality_flags": [],
  "encoding": "UTF-8",
  "text": "THE MINHAJ UNIVERSITY, LAHORE ACT 2005 \r\n(XII of 2005) \r\nCONTENTS \r\n1. Short title and commencement \r\n2. Definitions \r\n3. Establishment   of  the   University \r\n4. Functions and powers of the University \r\n5. University open to all \r\n6. Jurisdiction \r\n7. Chancellor \r\n8. Inspection and inquiry \r\n9. Vice Chancellor \r\n9-A. Acting Vice Chancellor \r\n10. Appointments \r\n11. University fund \r\n12. Budget, audit and accounts \r\n13. Officers of the University \r\n14. Authorities of the University \r\n15. Board of Governors \r\n16. Powers and duties of the Board \r\n17. Business of the Board \r\n18. Delegation of powers \r\n19. Academic Council \r\n20. Powers and duties of Academic Council \r\n21. Statutes \r\n22. First Statutes \r\n23. Regulations \r\n24. Removal of difficulties \r\n25. Validation \r\nSCHEDULE \r\n1. Faculties \r\n2. Board of Faculty \r\n3. Academic Departments /Schools and Heads of the \r\nDepartments/Schools \r\n4. Board of Advanced Studies and Research \r\n5. Functions  of the  Board  of Advanced  Studies and  Research \r\n6. Selection Board \r\n7. Functions of the Selection Board \r\n8. Finance and Planning Committee \r\n9. Functions of the Finance and Planning Committee \r\n10. Boards of Studies \r\n11. Functions of Boards of Studies \r\n12. Discipline Committee \r\n13. Functions of the Discipline Committee \r\nTEXT \r\n1\r\nTHE MINHAJ UNIVERSITY, LAHORE ACT 2005 \r\n(XII of 2005) \r\n[15th October, 2005] \r\nAn \r\nAct \r\nto provide for the establishment of the Minhaj University, Lahore. \r\nPreamble.– Whereas it is expedient to provide for the establishment of the Minhaj \r\nUniversity, Lahore in the private sector and matters connected therewith and \r\nancillary thereto; \r\nIt is hereby enacted as follows:– \r\n1. Short title and commencement .– (1) This Act may be called the Minhaj \r\nUniversity, Lahore Act 2005. \r\n(2) It shall come into force at once. \r\n2. Definitions.– In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or \r\ncontext– \r\n(a) \"Academic Council\" means the Academic Council of the University; \r\n(b) \"Authority\" means any of the Authorities of the University specified in \r\nsection 14; \r\n(c) \"Board\" means the Board of Governors of the University constituted \r\nunder section 15; \r\n(d) \"Chairperson\" means the Head of a teaching department; \r\n(e) \"Chancellor\" means the Governor of the Punjab; \r\n(f) \"Chief Executive\" means the Patron-in-Chief of the Company; \r\n(g) \"Company\" means Markazi Idara Minhaj-ul-Quran; \r\n2[(gg) “Constituent College” means a college established, maintained and \r\nadministered by the University;]   \r\n(h) \"Dean\" means the head of a Faculty; \r\n(i) \"Department\" means a teaching department maintained and \r\nadministered, or recognized by the University in the manner \r\nprescribed;   \r\n(j) \"Faculty\" means a faculty of the University;  \r\n(k) \"Government\" means the Government of the Punjab; \r\n                                                           \r\n1This Act was passed by the Punjab Assembly on  21 September 2005; assented to b y the Governor of the  Punjab on 10 \r\nOctober 2005; and, was published in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), dated 17 October 2005, pages 1571 to 1579. \r\n2Inserted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025) ; and published in the Punjab  Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.3(a).  \r\n(l) \"Higher Education Commission\" means the Higher Education \r\nCommission set up by the Higher Education Commission Ordinance \r\n2002;  \r\n(m) \"Prescribed\" means prescribed by Statutes, Regulations or Rules \r\nmade under this Act; \r\n3[(mm) “Punjab Higher Education Commission” means the Punjab Higher \r\nEducation Commission set up under the Punjab Higher Education \r\nCommission Act 2014 (I of 2015); \r\n (mmm)“Pro-Vice Chancellor” means the Pro-Vice Chancellor of the University, \r\nappointed by the Board on such terms a nd conditions as it may deem \r\nappropriate;] \r\n(n) \"Registrar\" means the Registrar of the University;  \r\n(o) \"Schedule\" means the Schedule to the Act;  \r\n4[(oo)   “School” means a unit of one or more than one academic departments;] \r\n5[* * * * * * * * * * *] \r\n(q) \"Statutes\", \"Regulations\" and \"Rules\" mean respectively the Statutes, \r\nthe Regulations and the Rules made or deemed to have been made \r\nunder this Act;  \r\n(r) \"Teachers\" include Professors, Associate Professors, Assistant  \r\nProfessors and Lecturers engaged whole time by the Univers ity and \r\nsuch other persons as may be declared to be Teachers by \r\nRegulations;  \r\n(s) \"University\" means the Minhaj University, Lahore constituted under \r\nthis Act;  \r\n(t) \"University Teachers\" means a whole time teacher appointed and paid \r\nby the University, or recognized by the University as such; and  \r\n(u) \"Vice Chancellor\" means the Vice Chancellor of the University. \r\n3. Establishment of the University .– (1) There shall be established a \r\nUniversity to be called the Minhaj University, Lahore in the private sector with its \r\ncampus located at Lahore. \r\n(2) The University shall be a body corporate having perpetual succession \r\nand a common seal with power to acquire, hold and dispose of property and shall, \r\nby the said name, sue and be sued. \r\n(3) The University shall consist of the following namely– \r\n                                                           \r\n3Inserted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025);  and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.3(b). \r\n4Inserted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.3(c). \r\n5Omitted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 202 5); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.3(d). \r\n6[(a) The Chancellor, the Chairman, the Deputy Chairman, members of the \r\nBoard of Governors, the Vice Chancell or and the Pro -Vice \r\nChancellor;] \r\n(b) the members of the authorities of the University established under \r\nsection 14; \r\n(c) all University teachers  and  persons  recognized  as students of the \r\nUniversity in accordance with the terms prescribed from time to time; \r\nand \r\n(d) all other full time officers and members of the staff of the University. \r\n4. Functions and powers of the University.– The functions and powers of the \r\nUniversity shall be– \r\n7[(a) to provide for establishment, administration, instruction, training, \r\ncourses of study, curriculum, examination and award of degrees in the \r\nacademic programs offered in the following faculties and their a llied \r\nbranches of knowledge, as may be prescribed or determined by the \r\nBoard from time to time, subject to prior approval of the relevant \r\nstatutory body of professional education: \r\n(i) Agriculture Sciences; Allied Health Sciences and Nursing; \r\nApplied Sciences; Arts, Design and Architecture; Aviation and \r\nAeronautical Sciences; Basic Sciences and Mathematics; \r\nComputer Science and Information Technology; Design and \r\nTextile Technology; Eastern and Herbal Medicine; Economics \r\nand Management Sciences; Engineering and T echnology; \r\nGeology, Mining and Petroleum Engineering; Humanities and \r\nSocial Sciences; Languages and Literature; Law; Medicine, \r\nDentistry and Health Sciences; Pharmaceutical Sciences; \r\nProfessional Health Technologies; Rehabilitation Sciences; \r\nShariah and Is lamic Studies; Strategic Studies and \r\nGovernance; Tourism and Hospitality Management; Wildlife \r\nand Marine Sciences; and  \r\n(ii) such other faculties and their allied branches of knowledge as \r\nthe Board may determine, on the recommendation of the \r\nAcademic Council an d, where applicable, subject to prior \r\napproval of the relevant statutory body of professional \r\neducation: \r\nProvided that the faculties to be established later on, \r\nshall be approved, on the recommendations of the \r\nAccreditation Committee constituted under sect ion 12 of the \r\nPunjab Higher Education Commission Act 2014 (I of 2015).] \r\n                                                           \r\n6Substituted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.4. \r\n7Substituted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.5(i). \r\n(b) to provide for research, demonstration and other services, and for the \r\nadvancement and dissemination of knowledge; \r\n(c) to hold examinations in a manner as may be determined by the \r\nGovernment and confer on or award degrees, diplomas, certificates \r\nand other academic distinctions to persons who have passed its \r\nexaminations; \r\n(d) to select and promote Faculties; \r\n(e) to prescribe courses of studies; \r\n(f) to establish and support other faci lities for education, training  and \r\nresearch; 8[*] \r\n9[(g) to decide teaching methods and strategies including on -campus, \r\nonline, distance learning, or any other teachin g method as may be \r\nprescribed]10[;] \r\n11[(h) to establish, maintain, manage, and administer f aculties, Schools, \r\nDepartments, Colleges, Institutions, centers, laboratories and other \r\nsupport facilities as the Board may determine and approve from time \r\nto time; \r\n(i)  to establish sandwich programmes and split programmes with \r\nnational and international universities, and to collaborate with other \r\neducational institutions on all academic matters; \r\n(j) to award an honorary degree in recognition of outstanding \r\nperformance or other distinctions, awards, prizes, etc., to any person \r\nbased on the recommendations of the Board; \r\n(k)  to accept an examination and period of study undertaken by a student \r\nof the University at any other university or place of learning, and to set \r\nconditions for such acceptance or withdrawal; \r\n(I)  to publish research papers and other docum ents, secure intellectual \r\nproperty rights and patents under relevant laws, and license them for \r\ncommercial use consideration; \r\n(m)  to enter into lease agreements for property and equipment as may be \r\nrequired for the operations and benefits of the University; \r\n(n)  to invest in and manage the University Fund and seek loans and \r\nfinancial facilities in the manner prescribed by the Board; \r\n(o)  to enter into memoranda, agreements, contracts, and commercial \r\narrangements with other persons, government, and non-governmental \r\ninstitutions and organizations;  \r\n                                                           \r\n8Omitted by The Minhaj University, Lahore  (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.5(iii). \r\n9Substituted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazet te \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.5(ii). \r\n10Substituted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025);  and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.5(iii). \r\n11Inserted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025);  and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.5(iii). \r\n(p)  to receive and manage property (acquired or transferred), grants, \r\nbequests, trusts, gifts, donations, endowments, and other \r\ncontributions made to the university; \r\n(q) to invest any fund representing such proper ty, grants, bequests, \r\ntrusts, gifts, donations, endowments, or contributions; and to convert \r\none kind of property into another in a manner it deems fit; \r\n(r)  to make provisions for research, advisory or consultancy services, and \r\nto collaborate and enter in to arrangements with other universities, \r\nresearch and educational institutions, as well as commercial or \r\nindustrial organisations, in the public or private sector, or other public \r\nauthorities, in such manner and for such purposes as it may \r\ndetermine; and \r\n(s)  to exercise any other power ancillary to the above powers and \r\nfunctions as may be prescribed by the Board.]. \r\n5. University open to all .– The University shall be open to persons of either \r\nsex of whatever religion, race, creed, colour or domicile who are  academically \r\nqualified for admission to the courses of study offered by the University and no \r\nperson shall be denied the privileges of the University on any of such grounds. \r\n6. Jurisdiction.– (1) The jurisdiction of the University shall be restricted to t he \r\nProvince of the Punjab. \r\n(2) The University shall not open any sub -campus or affiliate any other \r\neducational institution for a period of ten years from the commencement of this Act \r\nafter which period it may have sub-campuses with the approval of the Chancellor. \r\n7. Chancellor.– (1) The Governor of the Punjab shall be the Chancellor of the \r\nUniversity. \r\n(2) The Chancellor or his nominee shall preside at the convocations of \r\nthe University. \r\n(3) Every proposal to confer an honorary degree shall be subject to \r\nconfirmation by the Chancellor. \r\n(4) The Chancellor shall have the power to assent to the Statutes \r\nsubmitted to him by the Board or refer them back to the Board for reconsideration. \r\n12[8. Inspection and inquiry.– (1) The Chancellor may direct inspection or inquiry \r\ninto the affairs of the University. \r\n(2) The Chancellor shall convey his views with regard to the result of the \r\ninspection or inquiry to the Board and may, after ascertaining the views of the \r\nBoard, direct the Board to take the remedial action. \r\n(3) The Board shall, within the time specified by the Chancellor, submit a \r\nreport to the Chancellor about the action taken on the recommendations of the \r\nChancellor. \r\n                                                           \r\n12Substituted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI o f 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.6. \r\n(4) If the Board fails to take action to the satisfaction of the Chancellor \r\nwithin the specified ti me, the Chancellor may issue such directions as he thinks fit, \r\nand the Board shall comply with the direction. \r\n(5) The Chancellor shall not take any action under this section, unless the \r\nChairperson of the Board or Deputy Chairman of the Board or Vice Chanc ellor or \r\nnominated member by the Board is afforded an opportunity of hearing. \r\n(6) The Chancellor may set aside a decision or action of the Board, \r\nwhich, in the opinion of the Chancellor, is against the objectives of the University or \r\nagainst the interest of academic excellence, religious or cultural ideology or national \r\nintegrity.] \r\n13[9. Vice Chancellor .– (1) The Vice Chancellor shall be appointed by the \r\nChancellor on the recommendation of the Board, on such terms and conditions as \r\nmay be determined by the Board. \r\n(2) The Vice Chancellor shall perform functions under the Act or any \r\nother functions as are assigned to him by the Board.] \r\n14[9-A. Acting Vice Chancellor.– Subject to the conditions as may be prescribed, if \r\nthe office of the Vice Chancellor is vacant,  or the Vice Chancellor is absent or is \r\nunable to perform the functions of his office due to illness or some other cause, the \r\nBoard shall make such arrangements for the performance of the duties of the Vice \r\nChancellor by any other person, as it may deem fit.] \r\n10. Appointments.– The University may appoint such persons in its service as \r\nmay be necessary on such terms and conditions as may be determined by the \r\nBoard. \r\n11. University fund .– There shall be a fund to be known as the Minhaj \r\nUniversity, Lahore Fund which shall vest in the University and to which shall be \r\ncredited all sums received by the University. \r\n15[12. Budget, audit and accounts .– The budget of the University shall be \r\napproved and its accounts shall be maintained and audited in such manner as may \r\nbe determined by the Board.  \r\n(2) The Board may approve the budget of the University, appropriations \r\nof accounts of the University and settle an audit para relating to the audit of the \r\nuniversity.  \r\n(3) The Deputy Chairman of the Board shall oversee the inte rnal aud it \r\nmechanism of the University.] \r\n13. Officers of the University .– The following shall be the officers of the \r\nUniversity:– \r\n                                                           \r\n13Substituted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.7. \r\n14Inserted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.8. \r\n15Substituted by The Minhaj University, Lahore  (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.9. \r\n(a) the Chancellor; \r\n(b) the Vice Chancellor; \r\n16[(bb) Pro-Vice Chancellor;] \r\n(c) the Deans; \r\n(d) the Chairpersons of the teaching departments; \r\n(e) the Registrar; \r\n(f) the Treasurer; \r\n(g) the Controller of examination; and \r\n(h) such other authorities as may be prescribed by the Statutes or \r\nRegulations to be the officers of the University. \r\n14. Authorities of the University .– The following shall be the Authorities of the \r\nUniversity:– \r\n(a) the Board of Governors; \r\n(b) the Academic Council; \r\n(c)  the Boards of Faculties; \r\n(d) the Board of Advanced Studies and Research; \r\n(e) the Selection Board; \r\n(f) the Finance and Planning Committee; and \r\n(g) such other authorities as may be prescribed by the Statutes and the \r\nRegulations. \r\n17[15. Board of Governors .– (1) The Board of Governors of the University shall \r\nconsist of the following: \r\n(a) Chief Executive of the Company or his nominated member of the \r\nBoard of Directors who shall be the Chairman of the Board; \r\n(b) a Director of the Company or member of the Board to be nominated \r\nby the Chairman of the Company, who shall be the Deputy Chairman \r\nof the Board; \r\n(c) not more than eight members from Board of Directors of the \r\nCompany; \r\n(d) five eminent persons of national repute to be nominated by the \r\ncompany other than members of its Board of Directors; \r\n(e) Chairperson, Higher Education Commission or his nominee; \r\n(f) Chairperson, Punjab Higher Education Commission or his nominee;  \r\n(g) a Vice Chancello r of a public sector University in the Punjab to be \r\nnominated by the Chancellor; \r\n                                                           \r\n16Inserted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.10. \r\n17Substituted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.11. \r\n(h) Vice Chancellor of the University; \r\n(i) Pro Vice Chancellor of the University; \r\n(j) Secretary to the Government, Higher Education Department or his \r\nnominee; \r\n(k) Treasurer; and \r\n(l) Registrar of the University (Secretary). \r\n(2) Members of the Board other than the Chairman, Deputy Chairman \r\nand ex -officio members shall hold office for a term of three years and shall be \r\neligible for re-appointment on the expiry of their term of office. \r\n(3) The quorum for a me eting of the Board shall be one -half of the total \r\nnumber of members, with at least two ex -officio members, and a fraction shall be \r\ncounted as one. \r\n(4) The Secretary shall, with the approval of the Chairman or Deputy \r\nChairman of the Board, call a meeting of the Board. \r\n(5) In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the Deputy Chairman of \r\nthe Board shall perform all the functions and exercise all the powers of the \r\nChairman and preside at the meetings of the Board. \r\n(6) The Board shall meet at least once in a calendar year. \r\n(7) Unless otherwise provided by this Act, all decisions of the Board shall \r\nbe taken by the majority of the members present; in the event of the members \r\nbeing evenly divided on any matter, the Chairman or Deputy Chairman of the Board \r\nshall have a casting vote. \r\n(8) The Board may fill a casual vacancy occurring because of the death \r\nor resignation of a member of the Board nominated by the Company to the extent of \r\nthe remainder of the term of the former member.] \r\n16. Powers and duties of the Board.– (1) The administration and management \r\nof the affairs of the University shall vest in the Board. \r\n(2)  The Board shall forward the draft of Statutes to the Chancellor for \r\napproval; \r\n(3) Without prejudice to the generality of the aforementioned powers, the \r\nBoard may exercise powers and perform functions as follows:– \r\n(a) to formulate or approve the principles, policies and plans governing \r\nthe activities and operations of the University so as to facilitate \r\nresearch, teaching and other academic work; \r\n(b) to make and, from time to time, revise Regulations for the efficient and \r\neffective operations of the University; \r\n(c) to create a component of the University such as faculties, \r\ndepartments, institutes under its jurisdiction subject to sub -para (ii) of \r\npara (a) of section 4; \r\n(d) to c onstitute such standing committees, councils and other \r\nadministrative or academic advisory bodies as it deems necessary, \r\nand review their work; and to create such academic or administrative \r\nposts as it may deem necessary and to approve appointments to such \r\nposts as it may specify; \r\n(e) to hold, control and administer the property, funds and resources of \r\nthe University and raise funds for the purpose of the University upon \r\nsuch security as may be required under Regulations; \r\n(f) to undertake the responsibility  for the financial viability of the \r\nUniversity including responsibility for ensuring effectiveness of its \r\noperations, their continuity and preservation of the autonomy of the \r\nUniversity; \r\n(g) to consider and pass, through a resolution, the annual report, pl an of \r\nwork, statement of accounts and the annual budget estimates; \r\n(h) to call for and consider reports relating to the activities of the \r\nUniversity and to direct the Vice Chancellor to furnish information \r\nrelating to any matter specified by the Board; and \r\n(i) to take all such initiatives as it may consider necessary or desirable \r\nfor the efficient and effective management and functioning of the \r\nUniversity. \r\n17. Business of the Board .– (1) The meetings and business of the Board shall \r\nbe conducted in such mann er and in accordance with such procedure as may be \r\nprescribed in the Regulations and until these matters are prescribed, as may be \r\ndetermined by the Board. \r\n(2) No Statute, Regulation or proceeding of the Board shall be invalid by \r\nreason of any vacancy or defect in the constitution of the Board. \r\n18. Delegation of powers .– The Board may delegate to any person or a \r\ncommittee any of its powers, duties or functions. \r\n19. Academic Council .– (1) There shall be an Academic Council of the \r\nUniversity which shall consist of– \r\n(i) the Vice Chancellor (Chairman); \r\n(ii) all the Deans; \r\n(iii) all the Heads of the Departments/Institutes; \r\n(iv) all Professors of the University; \r\n(v) a nominee of the Secretary Education, Government of the Punjab not  \r\nbelow the rank of Deputy Secretary; \r\n(vi) two Associate Professors, two Assistant Professors and two Lecturers \r\nto be nominated by the Board; \r\n(vii) three persons eminent in the fields of arts and sciences, of whom at  \r\nleast one shall be from each category, to be nominated by the Board; \r\n(viii) Director Academic, Higher Education Commission; and \r\n(ix) the Registrar (Member/Secretary). \r\n(2) Members appointed by nomination shall hold office for three years; \r\n(3) The quorum for a meeting of the Academic Council shall be one -half \r\nof the total number of members, a fraction being counted as one. \r\n20. Powers and duties of Academic Council.– (1) The Academic Council shall \r\nbe the academic body of the University and shall, by the Statutes, have the powers \r\nto lay down proper standards of instruction, research , publication and examination \r\nand to regulate and promote the academic life of the University. \r\n(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing powers and \r\nsubject to the provisions of this Act and the Statutes, the Academic Council shall \r\nhave the powers to– \r\n(a) advise the Board on academic matters; \r\n(b) regulate the conduct of teaching, research and publication; \r\n(c) regulate the admission of students to the courses of studies and \r\nexaminations in the University; \r\n(d) regulate the conduct and discipline of the students of the University; \r\n(e) propose to the Board, scheme for the constitution and organization of \r\nFaculties and teaching departments; \r\n(f) consider or formulate proposals for the planning and development of \r\nteaching and research in the University; \r\n(g) make Regulations prescribing the courses of studies, the syllabi and \r\nthe outlines of tests for all University examinations subject to the \r\napproval of the Board; \r\n(h) regulate the award of studentships, scholarships, exhibitions, medals  \r\n`and prizes; \r\n(i) frame Regulations for submission to the Board; \r\n(j) appoint or nominate members to the various Authorities in accordance \r\nwith the provisions of this Act; and \r\n(k) perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the Statutes. \r\n18[21. Statutes.– Subject to the provisions of sub -section (4) of section 7 and \r\nsection 23,the Statutes may be made by the Board to provide for and to regulate \r\nany matter relevant to the University.] \r\n22. First Statutes .– Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this \r\nAct, the Statutes set out in the Schedule appended to this Act shall be deemed to \r\nbe the Statutes framed under section 21 of this Act and shall continue to remain in \r\nforce until amended or repealed. \r\n23. Regulations.– The Board may, by notification, make Regu lations for the \r\nadministration and management of the affairs of the University. \r\n24. Removal of difficulties.– If any difficulty arises in giving effect to any of the \r\nprovisions of this Act, the Board may, with the approval of the Government, give \r\n                                                           \r\n18Substituted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.12. \r\nsuch dire ctions, not inconsistent with the said provisions, as it may consider \r\nnecessary for the removal of such difficulty. \r\n25. Validation.– All actions taken, liabilities incurred, rights and assets acquired, \r\npersons   appointed or authorized, endowments, bequest s, funds created, \r\ndonations or grants received by the Company for the establishment of University \r\nafter the issuance of no objection certificate by the Education  Department, \r\nGovernment of the Punjab shall be deemed to have been taken,  incurred, \r\nacquired, appointed or authorized, created, received under this Act. \r\nSCHEDULE \r\n(See section 22) \r\nTHE FIRST STATUTES OF THE MINHAJ UNIVERSITY, LAHORE \r\n19[1. Faculties.– There shall be a faculty for each teaching department or a group \r\nof teaching departments. \r\n (2) The University may include the following faculties, subject to prior approval \r\nof the relevant statutory body of professional education: \r\n(i) Agriculture Sciences; Allied Health Sciences and Nursing; Applied \r\nSciences; Arts, Design and Architecture; Aviation and Aeron autical \r\nSciences; Basic Sciences and Mathematics; Computer Science and \r\nInformation Technology; Design and Textile Technology; Eastern and \r\nHerbal Medicine; Economics and Management Sciences; Engineering \r\nand Technology; Geology, Mining and Petroleum Engineer ing; \r\nHumanities and Social Sciences; Languages and Literature; Law; \r\nMedicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences; Pharmaceutical Sciences; \r\nProfessional Health Technologies; Rehabilitation Sciences; Shariah \r\nand Islamic Studies; Strategic Studies and Governance; Tourism and \r\nHospitality Management; Wildlife and Marine Sciences; and  \r\n(ii) such other faculties and their allied branches of knowledge as the \r\nBoard may determine, on the recommendation of the Academic \r\nCouncil and, where applicable, subject to prior approval of  the \r\nrelevant statutory body of professional education: \r\nProvided that the faculties to be established later on, shall be \r\napproved, on the recommendations of the Accreditation Committee \r\nconstituted under section 12 of the Punjab Higher Education \r\nCommission Act 2014 (I of 2015).] \r\n2. Board of Faculty .– (1) There shall be a Board of each Faculty which shall \r\nconsist of– \r\n(a) the Dean of the Faculty; \r\n(b) the Professors and the heads of the teaching departments in the \r\nFaculty; \r\n(c) one member, other than Professors and head of each teaching \r\ndepartment, to be nominated by the Head of Department; \r\n(d) two teachers to be nominated by the Academic Council by reason of \r\ntheir specialized knowledge of the subjects which, though not \r\nassigned to the Faculty, have in the opinio n of the Academic Council, \r\nimportant bearing on the subjects assigned to the Faculty; \r\n(e) two experts in the field from outside the University to be appointed by \r\nthe Board of Governors; and \r\n(f) one member to be nominated by the Vice Chancellor. \r\n                                                           \r\n19Substituted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025);  and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.13(i). \r\n(2) The mem bers, other than ex -officio members, shall hold office for a \r\nperiod of three years. \r\n(3) The quorum for a meeting of the Board of a Faculty shall be one -half \r\nof the total number of members, a fraction being counted as one. \r\n(4) The Board of each Faculty shal l, subject to the general control of the \r\nAcademic Council and the Board, have the powers to– \r\n(i) co-ordinate the teaching and research work in the subjects assigned  \r\nto the Faculty; \r\n(ii) scrutinize the recommendations of the Boards of Studies comprising  \r\nthe Faculty with regard to the appointment of paper -setters and  \r\nexaminers for Graduate and Postgraduate examinations and to  \r\nforward the panels of suitable paper -setters and examiners for each  \r\nexamination to the Vice Chancellor; \r\n(iii) consider any other academ ic matter relating to the Faculty and report  \r\nthereon to the Academic Council; \r\n(iv) prepare a comprehensive annual report regarding the performance of  \r\neach department comprising the Faculty for presentation to the  \r\nAcademic Council; and \r\n(v) perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the Statutes. \r\n(5) There shall be a Dean of each Faculty who shall be the Chairman and \r\nConvener of the Board of Faculty. \r\n(6) The Dean shall be appointed by the Board from amongst the three \r\nsenior most professors of the Fa culty on the recommendation of the Vice \r\nChancellor and shall hold office for a period of three years and shall be eligible for \r\nre-appointment. \r\n(7) The Dean shall present candi dates for admission to degree, except \r\nhonorary degrees, courses falling within the purview of the Faculty. \r\n(8) The Dean shall have such powers and duties as may be prescribed \r\nby the Board on the recommendations of the Vice Chancellor. \r\n20[3.  Academic Departments/Schools and Heads of the \r\nDepartments/Schools.– (1) There shall be an Academ ic Department/School for \r\neach subject or a group of subjects, as may be prescribed by the Regulations and \r\neach Academic Department/School shall be headed by a Head of Department. \r\n(2) The Head of an Academic Department/School shall be appointed by \r\nthe Board on the recommendations of the Vice Chancellor from amongst the faculty \r\nmembers of the Department/School.  \r\n(3) The Head of the Department/School shall plan, organize and \r\nsupervise the work of the department and shall be responsible to the Dean for the \r\nwork of his department. \r\n(4) The Head of the Department/School shall, under the general \r\nsupervision of the Vice Chancellor and the Dean, exercise all administrative, \r\n                                                           \r\n20Substituted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.13(ii). \r\nfinancial and academic powers and such other duties or powers as may be \r\ndelegated to him. \r\n(5) The Heads of the departments/School shall prepare a comprehensive \r\nannual report on the performance of department at the Graduate and Postgraduate \r\nlevels, Faculty research and development and submit this report to the Dean of the \r\nFaculty for his evaluation.]. \r\n4. Board of Advanced Studies and Research .– (1) The Board of Advanced \r\nStudies and Research shall consist of– \r\n(a) the Vice Chancellor (Chairman); \r\n(b) all the Deans; \r\n(c) one University Professor from each Faculty other than Dean to be \r\nappointed by the Board; \r\n(d) one member to be nominated by the Vice Chancellor; \r\n(e) three members from the relevant field, research organizations and \r\nGovernment departments, to be nominated by the Board; and \r\n(f) the Registrar (Secretary). \r\n(2) The term of office of the members o f the Board of Advanced Studies \r\nand Research, other than ex-officio members, shall be three years. \r\n(3) The quorum for a meeting of the Board of Advanced  Studies  and \r\nResearch shall be one -half of the total number of members, a fraction being \r\ncounted as one. \r\n5. Functions of the Board of Advanced Studies and Research .– The \r\nfunctions of the Board of Advanced Studies and Research shall be to– \r\n(a) advise the Authorities on all matters connected with the promotion of \r\nadvanced studies and research publication in the University; \r\n(b) consider and report to the Authorities of research degrees in the \r\nUniversity; \r\n(c) propose Regulations regarding the award of research degrees; \r\n(d) appoint supervisors for Postgraduate research students and to \r\napprove titles and synopses of their theses/dissertations; \r\n(e) recommend panels of names of examiners for evaluation of their other \r\nresearch examinations; and \r\n(f) perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the Statutes. \r\n21[6. Selection Board.– (1) The Selection Board shall consist of the following: \r\n(a) Deputy Chairman (Convener); \r\n(b) Vice Chancellor; \r\n(c) Dean of the Faculty concerned; \r\n(d) Head of the Academic Department or School concerned; \r\n                                                           \r\n21Substituted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.13(iii). \r\n(e) one member to be nominated by the Board; \r\n(f) Treasurer; and \r\n(g) Registrar (Secretary). \r\n(2)  The quorum of the selection board shall be four.   \r\n(3) The Vice Chancellor shall convene the meeting in absence of the \r\nDeputy Chairman or on his behalf. \r\n(4) No member, who is a candidate for the posts to which appointment is \r\nto be made, shall take part in the proceedings of the Selection Board. \r\n(5) In selection of candidates for the posts of Professors and Associate \r\nProfessors, the Selection Board may co -opt or consult three experts in the subject \r\nconcerned and in selecting candidates for other teaching posts, two experts i n the \r\nsubject concerned, to be nominated by the Vice Chancellor from a standing list of \r\nexperts for each subject approved by the Board on the recommendation of the \r\nSelection Board and revised from time to time.] \r\n7. Functions of the Selection Board .– The functions of the Selection Board \r\nshall be to– \r\n(a) consider the applications and recommend to the Board of Governors \r\nthe names of suitable candidates for appointment to teaching and \r\nother posts, as the case may be, and recommend suitable salary for \r\nthe person concerned; and \r\n(b) consider all cases of promotion or selection of officers of the \r\nUniversity and recommend the names of suitable candidates for such \r\npromotion or selection to the Board. \r\n22[8. Finance and Planning Committee .– (1) The Finance and Planning \r\nCommittee shall consist of the following: \r\n(a) Deputy Chairman (Convener); \r\n(b) Vice Chancellor; \r\n(c) all the Deans; \r\n(d) one member to be nominated by the Board; \r\n(e) one member of the Academic Council to be nominated by the \r\nAcademic Council; \r\n(f) Registrar; and  \r\n(g) Treasurer (Secretary). \r\n(2) The term of office of the nominated members shall be three years. \r\n(3) The Vice Chancellor shall convene the meeting in absence of the \r\nDeputy Chairman or on his behalf. \r\n                                                           \r\n22Substituted by The Minhaj University, Laho re (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025);  and published in the Punjab Gazette \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.13(iv). \r\n \r\n(4) The quorum for a meeting of the Finance and Pl anning Committee \r\nshall be five.]. \r\n9. Functions of the Finance and Planning Committee .– The functions of the \r\nFinance and Planning Committee shall be to– \r\n(a) prepare the annual statement of accounts, propose annual budget \r\nestimates and advise the Board thereon; \r\n(b) review periodically the financial position of the University; \r\n(c) advise the Board on all  matters relating to finance,  investments and \r\naccounts of the University; and \r\n(d) perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the Statutes. \r\n23[10. Boards of Studies.– (1) There shall be a separate Board of Studies for each \r\nDepartment/School or a group of Departments/Schools as may be prescribed. \r\n(2) Each Board of Studies shall consist of: \r\n(a) the Head of the teaching department/school (Convener); \r\n(b) Professors and Associate Professors of the Faculty, subject to a \r\nmaximum of four; \r\n(c) two experts from the relevant industry and professional board; \r\n(d) one Assistant Professor and one lecturer to be appointed by rotation \r\nin order of seniority from the department/school; \r\n(e) maximum three experts or teachers, other than University teachers, to \r\nbe appointed by the Vice Chancellor according to the need of each \r\nBoard of Studies; \r\n(f) Secretary of the Board from the Faculty members of the \r\ndepartment/school.  \r\n(3) The members other than ex -officio members of the Board of Studies \r\nshall hold office for a term of three years and shall be eligible for re -appointment on \r\nthe expiry of their term of office. \r\n(4) The quorum for a meeting of the Board of Studies shall be one -half \r\nthe total number of the members; a fraction being counted as one. \r\n11. Functions of Boards of Studies .– A Board of Studies shall perform the \r\nfollowing functions: \r\n(a) advise the Authorities on all academic matters connected with \r\ninstruction, publication, research and examination in the subject or \r\nsubjects concerned; \r\n(b) propose curricula and syllabi for all degree, diploma and certificate \r\ncourses in the subject or subjects concerned; \r\n(c) suggest a panel of names of paper setters and examiners in the \r\nsubject or subjects concerned; and \r\n(d) undertake such other functions as may be prescribed by Regulations. \r\n                                                           \r\n23Inserted by The Minhaj University, Lahore (Amendment) Act 2025 (CVI of 2025); and published in the Punjab Gazet te \r\n(Extraordinary), dated 18 December 2025, pages 3301-3309, s.13(v). \r\n12. Discipline Committee.– (1) The Discipline Committee shall consist of: \r\n(a) the Convener to be nominated by the Vice Chancellor; \r\n(b) two Professors to be nominated by the Board; \r\n(c) two Associate Professors to be nominated by the Acade mic Council; \r\nand \r\n(d) the teacher or officer-in-charge of students’ affairs, by whatever name \r\ncalled (Member/Secretary). \r\n(2) The members other than ex -officio members of the Discipline \r\nCommittee shall hold office for a term of three years and shall be eligible for re -\r\nappointment on the expiry of their term of office. \r\n(3) The quorum for a meeting of the Discipline Committee shall be four \r\nmembers. \r\n13. Functions of the Discipline Committee .– The functions of the Discipline \r\nCommittee shall be to: \r\n(a) propose Regulations to the Academic Council relating to the conduct \r\nof students, maintenance of discipline and breach of discipline; and \r\n(b) perform such other functions as may be prescribed.]",
  "passage_offset_convention": "zero-based Unicode code points and UTF8 bytes; end exclusive",
  "passages": [
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-0-1782:a369ac2ea4e0fb449384ffe83750ca154f1889fe456705f528da08c2d092a9dd",
      "character_start": 0,
      "character_end": 1782,
      "utf8_byte_start": 0,
      "utf8_byte_end": 1788,
      "passage_sha256": "a369ac2ea4e0fb449384ffe83750ca154f1889fe456705f528da08c2d092a9dd",
      "reader_fragment": "p-0-1782-a369ac2ea4e0fb44"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-1782-3523:99c0353aad838d3cd18e2b1f85b7188af012263700cc0cf2ae7d6660f26d641c",
      "character_start": 1782,
      "character_end": 3523,
      "utf8_byte_start": 1788,
      "utf8_byte_end": 3537,
      "passage_sha256": "99c0353aad838d3cd18e2b1f85b7188af012263700cc0cf2ae7d6660f26d641c",
      "reader_fragment": "p-1782-3523-99c0353aad838d3c"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-3523-5244:d57accbcaef0213b95e578be68113ecaa640368050d7a61b24ef6219cadb028d",
      "character_start": 3523,
      "character_end": 5244,
      "utf8_byte_start": 3537,
      "utf8_byte_end": 5274,
      "passage_sha256": "d57accbcaef0213b95e578be68113ecaa640368050d7a61b24ef6219cadb028d",
      "reader_fragment": "p-3523-5244-d57accbcaef0213b"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-5244-7016:dbb2f1340aa10ed69bddab6de451ebaf964869b416070b34d917e5a2355a2574",
      "character_start": 5244,
      "character_end": 7016,
      "utf8_byte_start": 5274,
      "utf8_byte_end": 7050,
      "passage_sha256": "dbb2f1340aa10ed69bddab6de451ebaf964869b416070b34d917e5a2355a2574",
      "reader_fragment": "p-5244-7016-dbb2f1340aa10ed6"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-7016-8814:0d804203ce916919c0883121eb5ee67aa8f37ddc331e547aab8235590959ae1a",
      "character_start": 7016,
      "character_end": 8814,
      "utf8_byte_start": 7050,
      "utf8_byte_end": 8848,
      "passage_sha256": "0d804203ce916919c0883121eb5ee67aa8f37ddc331e547aab8235590959ae1a",
      "reader_fragment": "p-7016-8814-0d804203ce916919"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-8814-10594:2e187807bca2f16f29e3d7556c0766c80d7aa89b2f55766f145d1b98b03d4a0e",
      "character_start": 8814,
      "character_end": 10594,
      "utf8_byte_start": 8848,
      "utf8_byte_end": 10628,
      "passage_sha256": "2e187807bca2f16f29e3d7556c0766c80d7aa89b2f55766f145d1b98b03d4a0e",
      "reader_fragment": "p-8814-10594-2e187807bca2f16f"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-10594-12384:ccc700a125b079a4eea1c40065568fbbd796915765583e20e7c3d6ee8b8b62a9",
      "character_start": 10594,
      "character_end": 12384,
      "utf8_byte_start": 10628,
      "utf8_byte_end": 12420,
      "passage_sha256": "ccc700a125b079a4eea1c40065568fbbd796915765583e20e7c3d6ee8b8b62a9",
      "reader_fragment": "p-10594-12384-ccc700a125b079a4"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-12384-14182:6826101bd9f80138994288ed726e782feddd6b0e862de84461d2b650f0095855",
      "character_start": 12384,
      "character_end": 14182,
      "utf8_byte_start": 12420,
      "utf8_byte_end": 14224,
      "passage_sha256": "6826101bd9f80138994288ed726e782feddd6b0e862de84461d2b650f0095855",
      "reader_fragment": "p-12384-14182-6826101bd9f80138"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-14182-15978:ce0c85c5e6daa7c7855a5162f1b036339eb5854091f725eabf7c4ea77bb10044",
      "character_start": 14182,
      "character_end": 15978,
      "utf8_byte_start": 14224,
      "utf8_byte_end": 16030,
      "passage_sha256": "ce0c85c5e6daa7c7855a5162f1b036339eb5854091f725eabf7c4ea77bb10044",
      "reader_fragment": "p-14182-15978-ce0c85c5e6daa7c7"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-15978-17749:d368e109d4c1cb692f5636448edca8923d72d66553d54603a82c08497bc75d4c",
      "character_start": 15978,
      "character_end": 17749,
      "utf8_byte_start": 16030,
      "utf8_byte_end": 17809,
      "passage_sha256": "d368e109d4c1cb692f5636448edca8923d72d66553d54603a82c08497bc75d4c",
      "reader_fragment": "p-15978-17749-d368e109d4c1cb69"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-17749-19490:a8ea2ec921a6ba54cf920ecb55e32ced5d496066bf662b7bb95024c838877f59",
      "character_start": 17749,
      "character_end": 19490,
      "utf8_byte_start": 17809,
      "utf8_byte_end": 19552,
      "passage_sha256": "a8ea2ec921a6ba54cf920ecb55e32ced5d496066bf662b7bb95024c838877f59",
      "reader_fragment": "p-17749-19490-a8ea2ec921a6ba54"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-19490-21282:754dc57ae66017a841de3a8ce2b38b7648bfc15c8e8d39eed4f4c213b44598bb",
      "character_start": 19490,
      "character_end": 21282,
      "utf8_byte_start": 19552,
      "utf8_byte_end": 21348,
      "passage_sha256": "754dc57ae66017a841de3a8ce2b38b7648bfc15c8e8d39eed4f4c213b44598bb",
      "reader_fragment": "p-19490-21282-754dc57ae66017a8"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-21282-23023:459b0dd0f03178cc15a2c42ae10b9ed4d8ec1e7ae8055826229f754b719a6f33",
      "character_start": 21282,
      "character_end": 23023,
      "utf8_byte_start": 21348,
      "utf8_byte_end": 23091,
      "passage_sha256": "459b0dd0f03178cc15a2c42ae10b9ed4d8ec1e7ae8055826229f754b719a6f33",
      "reader_fragment": "p-21282-23023-459b0dd0f03178cc"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-23023-24765:8679fa4b3295cc4ba61c8b9d733f79555463633361f0004caa22f2a23fab2332",
      "character_start": 23023,
      "character_end": 24765,
      "utf8_byte_start": 23091,
      "utf8_byte_end": 24843,
      "passage_sha256": "8679fa4b3295cc4ba61c8b9d733f79555463633361f0004caa22f2a23fab2332",
      "reader_fragment": "p-23023-24765-8679fa4b3295cc4b"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-24765-26552:f53770f1cce8059a717c040345e86cc0a8aa3c57076dd3952efb2c7398df0dc1",
      "character_start": 24765,
      "character_end": 26552,
      "utf8_byte_start": 24843,
      "utf8_byte_end": 26638,
      "passage_sha256": "f53770f1cce8059a717c040345e86cc0a8aa3c57076dd3952efb2c7398df0dc1",
      "reader_fragment": "p-24765-26552-f53770f1cce8059a"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-26552-28285:3cf0eb798fe1dce1b92f39e5ec5a54fe38d39de38be6bf76c50a131a8c367f9f",
      "character_start": 26552,
      "character_end": 28285,
      "utf8_byte_start": 26638,
      "utf8_byte_end": 28375,
      "passage_sha256": "3cf0eb798fe1dce1b92f39e5ec5a54fe38d39de38be6bf76c50a131a8c367f9f",
      "reader_fragment": "p-26552-28285-3cf0eb798fe1dce1"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-28285-30018:87366b341f7770d6fb64da0af64a6b84f1300bdc5aff12dd5d289afee10b7b07",
      "character_start": 28285,
      "character_end": 30018,
      "utf8_byte_start": 28375,
      "utf8_byte_end": 30112,
      "passage_sha256": "87366b341f7770d6fb64da0af64a6b84f1300bdc5aff12dd5d289afee10b7b07",
      "reader_fragment": "p-28285-30018-87366b341f7770d6"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-30018-31748:de635f5b7496a5c39f617b6c79db1d4f476cf7719caeedd0db2bc7e36cff39b1",
      "character_start": 30018,
      "character_end": 31748,
      "utf8_byte_start": 30112,
      "utf8_byte_end": 31844,
      "passage_sha256": "de635f5b7496a5c39f617b6c79db1d4f476cf7719caeedd0db2bc7e36cff39b1",
      "reader_fragment": "p-30018-31748-de635f5b7496a5c3"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-31748-33510:cea9363dfe1e3cf23db37cdf096444c0c35ad961ea36f6cfb2c5735766ad4437",
      "character_start": 31748,
      "character_end": 33510,
      "utf8_byte_start": 31844,
      "utf8_byte_end": 33612,
      "passage_sha256": "cea9363dfe1e3cf23db37cdf096444c0c35ad961ea36f6cfb2c5735766ad4437",
      "reader_fragment": "p-31748-33510-cea9363dfe1e3cf2"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-33510-35293:d707c55a55ca98cc7a45b09caedd306751b9dc094386fb396d0aa73d66a9d964",
      "character_start": 33510,
      "character_end": 35293,
      "utf8_byte_start": 33612,
      "utf8_byte_end": 35401,
      "passage_sha256": "d707c55a55ca98cc7a45b09caedd306751b9dc094386fb396d0aa73d66a9d964",
      "reader_fragment": "p-33510-35293-d707c55a55ca98cc"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-35293-37065:710f1c24fd7c646ddfceca3273504f6af3fb7a5cee8f3b53a82d79e6186b7fc4",
      "character_start": 35293,
      "character_end": 37065,
      "utf8_byte_start": 35401,
      "utf8_byte_end": 37179,
      "passage_sha256": "710f1c24fd7c646ddfceca3273504f6af3fb7a5cee8f3b53a82d79e6186b7fc4",
      "reader_fragment": "p-35293-37065-710f1c24fd7c646d"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-37065-38863:e52603043fbf0b83bfe72f0e81e90d9fbf404416380ff6c092cafbf372a23471",
      "character_start": 37065,
      "character_end": 38863,
      "utf8_byte_start": 37179,
      "utf8_byte_end": 38983,
      "passage_sha256": "e52603043fbf0b83bfe72f0e81e90d9fbf404416380ff6c092cafbf372a23471",
      "reader_fragment": "p-37065-38863-e52603043fbf0b83"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-38863-40623:bece8265373d24e4f78c3fecab8ee91558bd0f34ce870c861b5f4f3cb94992f9",
      "character_start": 38863,
      "character_end": 40623,
      "utf8_byte_start": 38983,
      "utf8_byte_end": 40751,
      "passage_sha256": "bece8265373d24e4f78c3fecab8ee91558bd0f34ce870c861b5f4f3cb94992f9",
      "reader_fragment": "p-38863-40623-bece8265373d24e4"
    },
    {
      "passage_id": "law:punjab-code-9867bcec624a0413:sha256:4b9111ce35c042165d200cda9b187d63fc630eb455dade5fc3525acd926fa7c2:chars-40623-40823:109ea37b0c65f30629cba4e84e1f3b90c5886b1e1cc2c01da22214630b25d395",
      "character_start": 40623,
      "character_end": 40823,
      "utf8_byte_start": 40751,
      "utf8_byte_end": 40951,
      "passage_sha256": "109ea37b0c65f30629cba4e84e1f3b90c5886b1e1cc2c01da22214630b25d395",
      "reader_fragment": "p-40623-40823-109ea37b0c65f306"
    }
  ]
}