Mutual Legal Assistance (Criminal Matters) Act, 2020

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THE MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE (CRIMINAL MATTERS) 
ACT, 2020 
 
 
 
 
CONTENTS  
SECTIONS:  
1. Short title, extent and commencement.  
2. Definitions.  
3. Application of the Act.  
4. Functions of the central authority.  
5. Transmission of information. 
6. Form and manner of requests.  
7. Mutual legal assistance request by Pakistan.  
8. Foreign request for assistance.  
9. Foreign request for an evidence gathering order or search warrant.  
10. Limitation on use of evidence.  
11. Foreign requests for assistance from persons serving imprisonment.  
12. Detention of a person in Pakistan in response to request by Pakistan. 
13. Foreign request to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan for freezing or seizure orders. 
14. Foreign confiscation order. 
15. Request to recover foreign fines. 
16. Application of specific procedures sought by the requesting country 
Updated till 23.9.2021 
 

  
 
17. Refusal of request for assistance. 
18. Non-disclosure of confidential requests for assistance 
19. Expedited preservation and disclosure of information system 
20. Production, search and seizure of information system. 
21. Cost 
22. Power to make rules. 
23. Removal of difficulties. 
24. Savings. 
25. Repeal. 
26. Parliamentary oversight.  
 
 
  
  
 
 
Acts, Ordinances, President’s Orders and Regulations 
 
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SECRETARIAT 
Islamabad, the 12th August, 2020 
 
No. F. 22(25)2019 -Legis.—The following Act of Majlis -e-Shoora (Parliament) received the 
assent of the President on the 11th August, 2020 is hereby published for general information:— 
 
[ACT NO. XXII OF 2020] 
 
An Act to enact a law for mutual legal assistance in criminal matters 
 
WHEREAS it is expedient to enact a law  relating to mutual legal assistance in criminal matters 
and matters connected therewith and ancillary thereto; 
 
It is hereby enacted as follows:— 
 
Preliminary 
 
1. Short title, extent and commencement.—(1) This Act may be called the Mutual Legal 
Assistance (Criminal Matters) Act, 2020. 
 
(2) It extends to the whole of Pakistan. 
 
(3) It shall come into force at once. 
 
2. Definitions.—In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,— 
 
(a)  “agreement” means a treaty, agreement, convention in force, or memorandum of 
understanding to which the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a party and which 
contains provisions relating to mutual legal assistance in criminal matters; 
 
(b) “appropriate authority” in relation to a foreign country, means a person or body in 
that country referred to in the agreement or reciprocal agreement with the Islamic 
Republic of Pakistan as the authority responsible for administering mutual legal 
assistance to and from such country;  
 
1[(c)  “central authority” means the secretary to the Ministry of   Interior, Government 
of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan;] 
 
(d) “information system” includes an electronic system for creating, generating, 
sending, receiving, storing, reproducing, displaying, recording or processing any 
information; 
 
(e) “data” means content data and traffic data; 
 
 
 
1Subs. By Act No. XI of 2021, s.2(i). 
  
 
(f)  “electronic” means electrical, digital, magnetic, optical, biometric, 
electrochemical, electromechanical, wireless or electromagnetic technology; 
 
(g) “computer system” means any device or a group of interconnected or related 
devices one or more of which, pursuant to a programme,  performs automatic 
processing or recording data, and includes a mobile telephone and other 
telecommunication devices; 
 
(h)  “confiscation” means deprivation of property by order of a court; 
 
(i) “confiscation order” means an order made by a court in the Islamic Republic of 
Pakistan or a court of a country with whom the Islamic Republic of Pakist an has 
entered into reciprocal agreement for the confiscation of proceeds or 
instrumentalities of crime or terrorist property 1[or for the property derived or 
obtained directly or indirectly from the offence of money laundering or property 
of corresponding value whether or not the order is based on] criminal conviction; 
 
(j)  “court” means the court which has jurisdiction to try an offence for which a 
request has been made under this Act; 
 
(k)  “criminal matter” includes any investigation, prosecution or judicial proceedings 
relating to,— 
 
(i) a criminal offence; 
 
(ii) identification or tracing of proceeds or instrumentalities of crime or other 
related articles for evidentiary process; 
 
(iii) the determination as to whether a property is proceeds or instrumentalities 
of money laundering or terrorist property; 
 
(iv) a confiscation order; or 
 
(v) the freezing or seizure of proceeds or instrumentalities of crime or terrorist 
property; or 
 
2[(l)  “criminal offence” means an offence punishable under the Pakistan Penal code 
(Act XLV of 1860) or under any law for the time being in force in Pakistan or an 
offence against law of a foreign country which is subject matter of mutual legal 
assistance arrangements;] 
 
(m) “freezing” or “seizure” means temporarily prohibiting the transfer, conversion, 
disposition or movement of property on the basis of an order issued by a court or 
other authority and includes an order restraining such dealings: 
 
 
1Subs by Act No. XI of 2021 s. 2(ii). 
2Subs by Act No. XI of 2021 s. 2(iii). 
 
 
 
  
 
Provided that where the order of freezing and seizure is passed by an authority 
other than a court of law, the same shall be subject to confirmation by a court of 
competent jurisdiction within one month of passing the said order; 
 
 
(n) “instrumentalities of crime” means any property,— 
 
(i) used in, or employed in connection with, the commission of a criminal 
offence; or 
 
(ii) for which there are reasonable grounds of suspecting that the said property 
may be used in, or employed in connection with, the commission of a 
criminal offence; or 
 
(iii) whether the property is located or the offence is committed within or 
outside Pakistan; 
 
(o) “money laundering” means an act of money laundering r elatable to a “criminal 
offence” as defined under the Anti-Money Laundering Act, 2010 (VII of 2010); 
 
(p) “proceeds of crime” means any property situated within or outside Pakistan 
derived from or obtained through commission of a criminal offence, committe d 
within or outside Pakistan; 
 
(q) “property” means property or assets of any description, movable or immovable, 
corporeal or incorporeal, tangible or intangible, situated within or outside 
Pakistan; 
 
(r) “rules” means rules made under this Act; 
 
(s) “service provider” shall have the same meaning as given to it by section 
2(XXVIII) of the Prevention of Electronic crimes Act, 2016 (XL of 2016); 
 
(t) “terrorism” shall have the same meaning as given to it by section 6 of the Anti -
terrorism Act, 1997 (XXVII of 1997); and 
 
(u) “terrorist property” shall have the same meaning as given to it by section 2(Z)(aa) 
of the Anti-terrorism Act, 1997 (XXVII of 1997). 
 
3.   Application of the Act .—(1) This Act shall regulate the procedure for rendering and 
soliciting mutual legal assistance in criminal matters by Pakistan. 
 
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the mutual legal assistance may be provided  by 
Pakistan to a country on the principle of reciprocity reduced in writing. 
 
(3) Where the Federal Government considers it expedient to provide mutual legal assistance 
  
 
in a criminal matter to a country which has not entered into a reciprocal agreement with Pakistan, it may, 
by notification in the official Gazette, direct that the provi sions of this Act shall, subject to such 
modifications and conditions as may be specified therein, have effect to that country. 
 
(4) This Act shall not be applicable to any offence of a political nature unless directly linked 
to a criminal matter. 
 
4. Functions of the central authority. —(1) The central authority shall have all such 
powers as may be necessary to perform its duties and functions under this Act. 
 
 1[(1A) All the request s of mutual legal assistance shall be processed and decided by the cent ral 
authority expeditiously.] 
 
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of sub -section (1), the central authority shall be 
authorized to,— 
 
(a) make a request, on behalf of Pakistan, to an appropriate authority of a foreign 
country for mutual legal assistance in relation to a criminal 1[matter] in which any 
investigation has commenced or proceedings instituted within Pakistan or outside 
Pakistan; 
 
(b) receive and deal with the request from any appropriate authority of a foreign 
country for mutual legal assistance in relation to a criminal 1[matter] in which any 
investigation has commenced or proceedings instituted, within Pakistan or outside 
Pakistan, or where there are reasonable grounds of suspecting that a criminal 
1[matter] has been committed within or outside Pakistan; 
 
(c) certify or authenticate, or arrange for the certification and authentication of any 
documents or other material supplied in response to a request for assistance; 
 
(d) take practical measures to facilitate the orderly and rapid disposition of request for 
assistance; 
 
(e) make any arrangements deemed necessary in order to transmit the evidentiary 
material gathered in response to request for assistance to the appropriate authority 
of the requesting country or to authorize any other authority as prescribed to do 
so; and 
 
(f) carry out such other tasks as provided for in this Act or which may be necessary 
for effective assistance to be provided or received. 
 
(3) The central authority may, having regard to its functions and to exercise its powers 
efficiently, delegate its functions and powers to one or more subordinate officers not less than the rank 
of a Joint Secretary. 
 
 
1Ins. and Subs. By Act No. XI of 2021, s.3. 
  
 
5. Transmission of information.—(1) The central authority shall not initiate transmitting 
of any information relating to criminal matters to the appropriate authority in a country concerned with 
such criminal matters, without prior request by that country 1[.] 
 
1[*        *              *              *            *              *              *] 
 
(2)  Subject to the provisions of this Act, a request transmitted by a country to any other 
agency or authority in Pakistan shall be referred by such agency or authority to the central authority and 
this shall not affect the validity of the request or actions taken thereupon. 
 
6. Form and manner of requests. —The central authority may initiate or receive request 
for mutual lega l assistance, to or from foreign countries, as the case may be, in accordance with the 
form, manner and conditions as may be prescribed. 
 
7. Mutual legal assistance request by Pakistan.—A request for mutual legal assistance by 
the central authority to a country subject to the applicable laws of such country may comprise one or 
more of the following matters, namely:— 
 
(a) inquire about the location and identification of witnesses, suspects, perpetrators 
and offenders; 
 
(b) have evidence taken or documents or other articles produced; 
 
(c) obtain search warrants or other lawful instruments authorizing a search for 
evidence relevant to investigations or proceedings in Pakistan, located or as 
permissible under the domestic law of that country believed to be loc ated in that 
country and if found, to seize them as permissible under the domestic law of that 
country; 
 
(d) freeze or seize properties that are subject to the proceedings being undertaken in 
Pakistan in a criminal matter in accordance with the relevant le gal process in that 
country to the extent to which the properties are believed on reasonable grounds 
to be allocated in that country; 
 
(e) transmit to Pakistan any evidence, documents or articles, properties or proceeds 
realized from the disposal of properties; 
 
(f) transfer in custody to Pakistan a person in foreign country who consented to assist 
Pakistan in the relevant investigation or proceedings; 
 
(g) effect service of judicial documents; 
 
(h) identify or trace proceeds or instrumentalities of crime o r properties for 
evidentiary purpose; 
 
(i) facilitate the voluntary appearance of persons required in relation to any existing 
proceedings in Pakistan; 
 
  
 
 
1Subs. and omitted By Act No. XI of 2021, s.4. 
(j) provide original or certified copies of relevant documents and records, including 
government, bank, financial, corporate or business records; and 
 
(k) provide any other type of assistance that is not contrary to the domestic law of 
that country. 
 
8. Foreign request for assistance. —(1) Where a country mak es a request to the Islamic 
Republic of Pakistan for mutual legal assistance, the central authority may approve mutual legal 
assistance for similar purposes as those specified in section 7 to the country in relation to 1[criminal 
matters] in that country. 
 
(2)  The request under sub -section (1), except as may otherwise be provided for in the 
domestic law of the country from which information is sought, shall be made out in conformity with the 
form, as specified by the central authority, which form shall include the following, namely: 
 
(a) the name of the appropriate authority or such other authority concerned with the 
criminal matter to which the request relates; 
 
(b) a description of nature of the criminal matter and a statement setting out a 
summary of relevant facts and law; 
 
(c) the description of the purpose of the request and the nature of assistance being 
sought; 
 
(d) in the case of request to freeze, seize or confiscate assets located in Pakistan, be 
accompanied with the details of the criminal offenc e, particulars of any 
investigation or proceedings commenced in respect of that offence and a copy of 
any relevant freezing, seizure or confiscation order of the court; 
 
(e) details of any procedure that the country wishes to be followed by Pakistan in 
giving effect to the request, particularly in the case of a request to take evidence, 
as for as it is not contrary to the laws of Pakistan; 
 
(f) a statement setting out any requirements of the country concerning any 
confidentiality relating to the request and the reasons thereof; 
 
(g) details of the period within which the country wishes the request to be complied 
with; 
 
(h) details where applicable, regarding the grounds for believing that the relevant 
properties to be traced, frozen or seized or confiscated,  are located in Pakistan; 
and 
 
(i) any other information that may assist in giving effect to the request. 
 
  
 
 
1Subs. By Act No. XI of 2021, s.5. 
 
9. Foreign request for an evidence gathering order or search warrant. —(1) 
Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, where the central 
authority approves the request of a country pursuant to section 8 for the following purposes, namely:— 
 
(a) taking of a statement or testimony from a person; or 
 
(b) production of documentary or other evidence in Pakistan; or 
 
(c) identification of a person, property or record,  the central authority may apply to 
the court for a search warrant or any evidence gathering order, as the case may be. 
 
(2) The court, to which an application is made under sub -section (1), may issue a search 
warrant or, as the case may be, an evidence -gathering order where it is satisfied on the basis of evidence 
presented before it that there are reasonable grounds to believe that,— 
 
(a) the acts complained of, if performed in  Pakistan, shall constitute an offence under 
the laws of Pakistan; or 
 
(b) the person committing an offence or the witness is in Pakistan. 
 
(3) An evidence-gathering order,— 
 
(a) shall provide for the manner in which the statement or testimony is to be taken or 
the evidence is to be obtained or the person or thing  to be identified in order to 
give proper effect to the request unless prohibited under the laws of the Islamic 
Republic of Pakistan, and, in particular, may require any person named therein 
to— 
 
(i) make a record from data or make a copy of record; 
 
(ii) attend court to give evidence on oath; or 
 
(iii) produce to the court or to any person, named by the court, anything 
including any article, record or copy thereof; and 
 
(b) may include such terms and conditions as the court considers expedient, including 
those relating to the interests of the person named therein or of the third party. 
 
(4) Where the evidence sought under this Act is a statement or testimony of any person, the 
court may permit,— 
 
(a) any person to whom the foreign investigation, prosecution or proceedings relate 
or that person’s legal representative to participate in the proceedings; and 
(b) the legal representative of the country to participate in the proceedings and 
question the witness. 
  
 
 
(5) A person named in an evidence-gathering order may refuse to answer a question or to 
produce a record or thing where such refusal is based on,— 
 
(a) a law in force in Pakistan; 
 
(b) privilege recognized by a law in force in the country that made the request; or 
 
(c) a law in force in the country that made the request provides that the answering of 
that question or the production of that record or thing by that person in its own 
jurisdiction is, or shall be deemed to be, a criminal offence. 
 
(6) Where a person refuses to answer a question or to produce a record or thing under sub -
section (5), the court shall refer the matter to the central authority which shall notify the requesting 
country accordingly and request it to provide a response on  whether the person’s refusal is well founded 
under the law of that country. 
 
(7) Any response received by the central authority from the country in response to a request 
under sub-section (6) shall be admissible in the evidence gathering proceedings in accordance with law. 
 
(8) The court may issue a bailable warrant for the arrest of a person named in an evidence -
gathering order where it is satisfied on the basis of evidence presented before it, that the person was 
personally served with the order and he w illfully did not attend or remain in attendance as required or is 
about to abscond. 
 
(9) A person arrested in pursuance of warrant issued under sub -section (8) shall forthwith be 
brought before the court, to ensure compliance with the order made under sub-section (2), and the court 
may pass order that the person be detained in custody for a period not exceeding forty -eight hours or 
released with or without production of sureties. 
 
(10) A search warrant,— 
 
(a) shall be issued in accordance with the provi sions of the Code of Criminal 
Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898); 
 
(b) shall specify time and date when the court will hear any representation from any 
person from whom a record or thing is seized pursuant to the warrant, before any 
order is made to send it to the country from which it is obtained; and 
 
(c) may include such terms and conditions as the court considers desirable including 
conditions relating to the time or manner of its execution. 
 
(11) The person executing a search warrant, issued under sub-section (2), – 
 
(a) may seize any property which be believed on reasonable grounds has been 
obtained for, or used in or intended to be used in connection with the matter 
  
 
specified in the request for mutual legal assistance received by the central 
authority; and 
 
(b) shall, at least three days before the time of the hearing to consider its execution, 
file in the court a written report concerning the execution of the warrant including 
a description of the records or things seized. 
 
(12) At the hearing to conside r the execution of search warrant, the court, after considering 
any representation made by the central authority or any  person from whom record or thing was seized 
pursuant to the warrant or any person who claims to have an interest in the record or thing may,— 
 
(a) order that the record or thing be returned to the person from whom it was seized 
or to the person lawfully entitled to its possession and that it would be in the 
public interest to return it; or 
 
(b) order that the record or thing be sent to the  country, and include in the order such 
terms and conditions as the court considers necessary— 
 
(i) to give effect to the request from that country; and 
 
(ii) with respect to the preservation and return to Pakistan of any record or 
thing seized so as to respect the interest of a third party. 
 
(13) No record or thing seized and ordered to be sent to a country shall be sent until the central 
authority is satisfied that the country has agreed to comply with any terms or conditions imposed in 
respect of the sending abroad of the record or thing. 
 
(14) The court may issue an order that the testimony of statement, the identification of a 
person or thing or any other form of assistance be provided by use of video or audio transmission 
technology. Any such court shall— 
 
(a) order the person to attend at a time and place fixed by the court to give his 
statement, testify or otherwise provide assistance by video conference and to 
remain in attendance until excused by the authorities of the requesting country; 
 
(b) to answer any questions raised by the authorities of the foreign states, or persons 
authorized by those authorities, in accordance with the laws that apply to that 
foreign states; and 
 
(c) to produce or show to those authorities at the time and place fixed by the court, 
prosecutor or other authority any item, including any document or copy thereof 
and may include any other appropriate conditions. 
 
(15) The costs of establishing a video or telephone link, costs relate d to the servicing of a 
video or telephone link in name of state shall be borne by the requesting state, unless otherwise agreed.
  
 
10. Limitation on use of evidence.—Any evidentiary material provided to a country by 
Pakistan as a result of a request for gathering of evidence under this Act,— 
 
(a) shall not be used for any other purpose than the investigation, prosecution or 
judicial proceedings in respect of which the request for assistance was made; and 
 
(b) shall be inadmissible as evidence in any proceedings other than the proceedings in 
respect of which it was obtained. 
 
11. Foreign requests for assistance from persons serving imprisonment. —(1) Where the 
central authority approves a request of a country to have a person serving a term of imprisonment in 
Pakistan, transferred to the requesting country for fixed period to give evidence or assist in an 
investigation or proceedings in that country relating to an offence committed or suspected on reasonable 
ground to have been committed against the laws of the requesting country, in respect of conduct which if 
occurred in Pakistan constitutes a criminal offence, the central authority shall apply to the court for a 
transfer order. 
 
(2) The court, to which an application is made under sub -section (1), may make a transfer 
order where, after having considered among other things any document filed or information given in 
support of the application, it is satisfied that the person serving imprisonment has made an informed 
consent to such transfer. 
 
(3) A transfer order, made under sub-section (2),— 
 
(a) shall set out the name of the person serving imprisonment and his place of 
confinement with a specific provision for the safety, security and well being of the 
person being transferred; 
 
(b) shall requir e the person who has custody of the person to deliver him into the 
custody of the person who is designated in the order or who is a member of the 
class of persons so designated; 
 
(c) shall require the person receiving the person into custody to take him to  the 
requesting country and on return of the person to Pakistan, to return him to the 
place of confinement where he was detained when the order was made through 
immigration officer, or to such other place of confinement as the central authority 
subsequently may notify; 
 
(d) shall specify the reasons for the transfer; 
 
(e) shall fix the period of time at, or before the expiration of, which the person must 
be returned to Pakistan; 
 
(f) shall have written undertaking from the requesting country that the person will not 
be detained, prosecuted, extradited to a third country or punished for any offence 
against the law of the foreign country that is alleged to have committed, or that 
  
 
was committed, before the person’s departure from Pakistan; 
 
(g) shall have written undertaking from the requesting country that the person shall be 
provided consular access to Pakistani diplomatic personnel in that country and 
shall not be required to give evide nce in any proceeding in the foreign country 
other than in respect of conduct which if occurred in the Islamic Republic of 
Pakistan constitutes a criminal offence, to which the request relates; 
 
(h) may include such terms or conditions relating to the prot ection of the interest of 
the person as the court considers appropriate; and 
 
(i) an undertaking from the requesting country must be procured to ensure that the 
requesting country to whom the person is transferred shall not require Pakistan to 
initiate extradition proceedings for the return of the person so transferred. 
 
(4) The time spent in transit to and in custody of the requesting country by a person pursuant 
to transfer order under sub-section (2) shall be deemed to have been spent in service of the sentence. 
 
12. Detention of a person in Pakistan in response to request by Pakistan. —(1) The 
central authority may, by written notice, authorize temporary detention in Pakistan of a person in 
detention in a country who is transferred from that country to Pakistan pursuant to a request under clause 
(f) of section 7, for such period as may be agreed with that country for the purposes of request and return 
the person in custody to that country. 
 
(2) A person in respect of whom a notice is issued under sub -section (1) shall, so long as the 
notice is in force,— 
 
(a) be permitted to enter Pakistan and remain in Pakistan for the purpose of the 
request and to leave Pakistan when no longer required for that purpose; and 
 
(b) while in custody in Pakistan for the purpos e of request, be deemed to be in lawful 
custody. 
 
(3) The central authority may at any time vary notice under sub - section (1), where the 
country makes a request for release of the person from custody, either immediately or on the specified 
date, and direct that the person be released from custody accordingly. 
 
(4) The provisions of this section shall apply, mutatis mutandis, in the case of any detained 
person in transit through Pakistan from one foreign country to another pursuant to a request for 
assistance of the kind referred to in this section. 
 
(5) Any person in Pakistan under this section who is in Pakistan in response to a request by 
the central authority under this Act to give evidence in any proceedings or to give assistance in relation 
to an investigation, prosecution or the related proceedings, may not be— 
 
(a) detained, prosecuted or punished for any other criminal offence that occurred 
  
 
prior to his arrival in Pakistan; and 
 
(b) subjected to judicial process in any other matter before the pe rson’s departure 
from the country pursuant to the request. 
 
13. Foreign request to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan for freezing or seizure orders. —
(1) Where the central authority approves a request of a country pursuant to section 10 to restrain 
dealings in any properties, some or all of which are located in Pakistan, the central authority may apply 
to the court for a freezing or seizure order. 
 
(2) The court to which an application is made under sub -section (1) may after providing the 
person with the opportunity of being heard issue a freezing or seizure order, where the court is satisfied 
that there are reasonable grounds to believe that— 
 
(a) an offence has been committed by a person under the laws of the requesting 
country which, if committed in Pakista n, also constitutes a criminal offence in 
Pakistan; 
 
(b) an investigation or proceedings have commenced in the country relating to that 
offence; 
 
(c) properties derived by the person, by himself or any other person on his behalf, 
from the commission of the offence are located in Pakistan; and 
 
(d) an order has been made in the country having the effect of confiscating such 
properties. 
 
(3) Where a competent court of requesting country has passed a freezing or seizure order, or 
has passed any amendment in respect thereof, the central authority shall apply to have the same 
registered with the court and the freezing or seizure order, or the amendment thereof, as the case may be, 
shall not be effective in Pakistan until it is so registered. Where a foreign fre ezing or seizure order is 
registered in accordance with this section, a copy of any amendments made in the order of the country, 
whether before or after registration, may be registered in the same manner as the order was registered, 
but shall not have effect for the purpose of this Act until they are so registered. 
 
(4) The court shall, on application by the central authority, cancel the registration of a foreign 
freezing or seizure order, if it appears that the order has ceased to have effect in that country. 
 
(5) Subject to sub -section (6), where the foreign freezing or seizure order is a facsimile of a 
duly authenticated foreign order, or amendment made in such order, the facsimile shall be regarded for 
the purpose of this Act as the duly authenticated foreign order. 
 
(6) Registration effected by means of a facsimile shall cease to have effect at the end of a 
period of fourteen days commencing on the date of registration, unless a duly authenticated original 
order has been registered by that time. 
 
 
  
 
14. Foreign confiscation order. —(1) Where the central authority approves a request of a 
country for enforcement of a confiscation order in relation to any property which is believed on  
reasonable ground to be located in Pakistan, the central authority may apply to the court for enforcement 
of the confiscation order against such property. 
 
(2) The court shall issue adequate notice to all persons appearing to have an interest in the 
property against which the confiscation order may be executed. 
 
(3) Any person with an interest in the property against which the application for execution of 
the confiscation order has been filed may, within thirty days of receiving notice under sub -section (2), 
make an application objecting to the confiscation. 
 
(4) The court to which an application is made under sub -section (1) may order to enforce the 
foreign confiscation order, where it is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds to believe that— 
 
(a) an offence has been committed by a person under the laws of the requesting 
country which, if committed in Pakistan, also constitutes a criminal offence in 
Pakistan; 
 
(b) the foreign confiscation order has been made in the country in relation to the 
offence referred to in clause (a); 
 
(c) the confiscation order is in force in the requesting country and is not subject to 
appeal; 
 
(d) the properties specified in the confiscation order are located in Pakistan; and 
 
(e) the person, whose property is the subject of the confiscation order, had appeared 
or participated in the proceedings or intentionally refused to do so despite having 
notice of the proceedings which culminated into such confiscation order being 
passed. 
 
(5) The central authority may enter into arrangements with the requesting country for transfer 
to the central authority the whole or part of any property, proceeds or instrumentalities of crime 
confiscated in Pakistan in response to a request for the enforcement of a confiscation order pursuant to 
this Act. 
 
15. Request to recover foreign fines. —(1) Where the central author ity approves a request 
from a country to enforce payment of a fine imposed by a court of that country, it shall make an 
application to the court to enforce payment of the fine in the manner as if the fine has been imposed by a 
court in Pakistan. 
 
Explanation.—For the purpose of this section, the expression  “fine” shall include any 
pecuniary penalty determined by a foreign court to represent the value of any property, benefit, 
advantage, obtained or derived directly or indirectly as a result of the commission of an offence. 
 
  
 
(2) The court may pass the order for enforcement of fine, if it is satisfied that— 
 
(a) the foreign order is in force in that country and is not subject to appeal; and 
 
(b) where the person, who is the subject of the foreign order, had appeared or 
participated in the proceedings or intentionally refused to do so despite having 
notice of the proceeding, which culminated into such confiscation order being 
passed. 
 
(3) No proceedings under sub -section (1) shall be instituted after the expiry of three years 
from the date when the fine was imposed. 
 
16. Application of specific procedures sought by the requesting country. —A request for 
assistance shall be executed in accordance with any procedure specified in the request, unless such 
execution is contrary to the provisions of any law or the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of 
Pakistan. 
 
17. Refusal of request for assistance.—(1) A request for mutual legal assistance to Pakistan 
under this Act may be refused by the central authority if,- 
 
(a) granting the request is prejudicial to the sovereignty, security, public interest or 
national interests of Pakistan; 
 
(b) there are reasonable grounds to believe that the request has been made for the 
purpose of punishing a person by reason of his ra ce, sex, sexual orientation, 
religion, nationality, ethnic origin, language, colour, age, mental or physical 
disability or political reason; 
 
(c) the provision of assistance is prejudicial to an investigation or ongoing 
proceedings in Pakistan, the executi on of the request for assistance may be 
postponed until the finalization of the investigation or proceedings; 
 
(d) 1[* * * * * *] 
 
(e) the authorities of Pakistan are prohibited by the domestic law or order of a court 
from carrying out any action requested  with regard to any similar offence, had it 
been subject to domestic investigation, prosecution or judicial proceedings; 
 
(f) it would be contrary to the laws of Pakistan; or 
 
(g) the request is in violation of international conventions of human rights. 
 
(2)  Notwithstanding anything contained in sub -section (1) or the provisions of any other law 
for the time being in force in Pakistan, assistance under this Act shall not be refused,— 
 
(a) on the ground of bank secrecy; or 
 
(b) on the sole ground that the offence for which assistance is sought is also 
  
 
considered to involve fiscal matters. 
 
 
 
1Omitted by Act No. XI of 2021, s.6. 
 
18. Non-disclosure of confidential requests for assistance. —(1) 1[Under the said Act] , a 
person who, because of his official capacity or office has knowledge of the,— 
 
(a) contents of such request made under this Act; 
 
(b) fact that such a request has been or is about to be made; or 
 
 (c) fact that such a request has been refused, shall not disclose those contents or those 
facts except to the extent that the disclosure is necessary to execute the foreign 
request. 
 
(2) Any person who contravenes the provision of sub -section (1), shall be deemed to have 
committed an offence and shall on conviction be punished with imprisonment of s ix months or with fine 
not exceeding five hundred thousand rupees or with both. 
 
(3) The court may order the person providing a statement or testimony, or the custodian of 
evidence or information being provided under this Act, to keep confidential the fact  of having such 
statement or testimony or having produced such evidence or information. The failure in this respect is 
liable to a sentence which on conviction may entail imprisonment of six months or with fine not 
exceeding five hundred thousand rupees or with both. 
 
19. Expedited preservation and disclosure of information system.—(1) Upon request by a 
country setting forth,— 
 
(a) the need for specified electronic data to be preserved; 
 
(b) the urgency of preserving it; 
 
(c) sufficient information to locate the electronic data; and 
 
(d) a statement that a request for production of the data will follow, the central 
authority may issue an order to any person in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to 
preserve and safeguard such data. 
 
(2)  The order under su b-section (1) shall lapse if the request for production is not received 
within forty-five days of the request for preservation. 
 
20. Production, search and seizure of information system. —(1) Upon request of a 
country, the central authority may make an appl ication to the court to issue an order for the production 
of,— 
 
  
 
(a) specified electronic data in the possession or control of a person which is stored in 
a computer system and is reasonably believed to be connected with a criminal 
matter pending in the requesting country; and 
 
 
1Subs. by Act No. XI of 2021, s.7. 
(b) electronic data in the possession or control of service provider, where such data or 
information is reasonably believed to be connected to criminal matter pending in 
the requesting country. 
 
(2) The court may issue a search warrant or order authorizing a person designated by it to 
search or otherwise access any computer system or part thereof in which computer data may be stored. 
 
(3) The search warrant or order issued pursuant to sub -section (1)  may authorize the 
designated person, where necessary, to— 
 
(a) seize or otherwise, secure an information system or part thereof; 
 
(b) make and retain a copy of the electronic data; 
 
(c) maintain the integrity of the relevant electronic data; and 
 
(d) render inaccessible or remove the electronic data in the accessed information 
system. 
 
(4) The person in possession of the electronic data or information system sought to be 
searched, seized or produced, may file an application within fourteen days of notice o f an order under 
sub-section (3) objecting to such seizure, copying, retaining or otherwise handing of such electronic 
data: 
 
Provided that until the expiry of the said fourteen days from the date of the notice of the 
order, the electronic data shall be kept secured and no copies or extracts from the data shall be 
allowed. 
 
21. Costs.—(1) The execution of a request for mutual legal assistance in Pakistan shall be 
conducted without charge to the requesting country, except for— 
 
(a) costs incurred by the attendance of experts in the territory of Pakistan; or 
 
(b) costs incurred by the transfer of a person in custody; or 
 
(c) any costs of substantial or extraordinary nature. 
 
(2) The costs of establishing a video or audio or telephone link, costs related to t he servicing 
of a video or telephone link in Pakistan, the remuneration of interpreters provided by it and allowances 
to witnesses and their travelling shall be borne by that country. 
  
 
 
22. Power to make rules.—The central authority may, by notification in the official Gazette, 
make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act. 
 
23. Removal of difficulties.—If any difficulty arises in giving effect to any provision of this 
Act, the Federal Government may make such order, not inconsistent with the provisio ns of this Act, as 
may appear to it to be necessary for the purpose of removing the difficulty. 
 
24. Savings.—(1) Subject to section 25, the provisions of this Act shall be in addition to and 
not in derogation of any of the provision relating to mutual legal assistance in criminal matters contained 
in any other law for the time being in force, including the Extradition Act, 1972 (X of 1972), the 
Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan Act, 1997 (XLII of 1997), the National Accountability 
Ordinance, 1999 (XVIII of 1999), the Transfer of Offenders Ordinance, 2002 (XXXVII of 2002), the 
Anti-money Laundering Act, 2010 (VII of 2010) and the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2016 (XL 
of 2016). 
 
(2)  Notwithstanding anything contained hereinabove, the procedure of international co -
operation requests for mutual legal assistance in relation to the matters falling under the National 
Accountability Ordinance, 1999 (XVIII of 1999) and the United Nations Convention Against Corruption 
(UNCAC), shall be pursued directly, as a recipient or requesting agency, by the National Accountability 
Bureau. 
 
25. Repeal.—The provisions of this Act shall repeal the provisions relating to mutual legal 
assistance in criminal matters contained in the Customs Act, 1969 (IV of 1969). 
 
26. Parliamentary oversight.—After every six months the central authority shall lay, in the 
form and manner as prescribed, before the National Assembly and the Senate, the statistics pertaining to 
mutual legal assistance undertaken by the central authority. 
 
 
 
 
 
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