SEED ACT, 1976

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THE SEED ACT, 1976 
(XXIX of 1976) 
CONTENTS 
1. Short title, extent and commencement 
2. Definitions 
3. Establishment of National Seed Council 
4. Functions of the National Seed Council 
5. Establishment of Federal Seed Certification and Registration 
Department 
6. Functions of Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department  
7. Omitted  
8. Omitted 
9. Establishment of Provincial Seed Council 
10. Power to notify varieties or species of seed 
11. Regulation of sale of seeds of plant varieties and species 
12. Appointment of registered growers 
13. Grant of certificate by Federal Certification  and Registration Department 
14. Period for which registration and certification shall be effective 
15. Cancellation of certification 
16. Appeal 
17. Seed Analyst 
18. Seed Certification Officer 
19. Seed Inspector 
20. Power of Seed Inspectors 
21. Procedure to be followed by Seed Inspector 
22. Report of Seed Testing Laboratory 
22A. Registration or enlisting of plant variety or hybrid 
 
22B. Registration to do seed business 
22C. Registration of seed dealer 
22D. Registration of seed processing units 
22E. Restrictions 
22F. Establishment of seed testing laboratories 
22G. Registration of genetically modified plant varieties 
22H. Horticulture nurseries to be registered 
22I. Federal Seed Committee 
22J. Variety Evaluation Committee 
23. Offences and penalty 
24. Power of court to order forfeitures 
25. Cognizance of offence, etc 
26. Presumption as to order 
27. Indemnity 
28. Delegation of powers 
29. Power to make rules 
 
 
TEXT 
1
THE SEED ACT, 1976 
(XXIX of 1976) 
[18th May, 1976] 
An 
Act 
to provide for controlling and regulating the quality of seeds of various varieties of 
crops 
 WHEREAS it is expedient to provide for controlling and regulating the quality 
of seeds of various varieties of crops and for matters connected therewith; 
 AND WHEREAS the Provincial Assemblies of the Punjab, Sind, the North -
West Frontier Province and Baluchistan have passed resolutions under Article 144 of 
the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to the effect that Parliament may 
by law regulate and control the quality of seeds of various varieties of crops; 
 It is hereby enacted as follows:– 
1. Short title, extent and commencement .– (1) This Act may be called the 
Seed Act, 1976. 
(2) It extends to the whole of Pakistan. 
(3) It shall come into force at once. 
2. Definitions.– In this Act, unless there is anything r epugnant in the subject or 
context,– 
2
[(i) “accredited laboratory” means any seed testing laboratory established 
in public sector or private sector and accredited by an appropriate 
organization as may be prescribed; 
(ii) “approved seed” means seed true to species as approved by the 
Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department;] 
3
[(iii)] 
4
[“basic seed” means progeny of the pre -basic seed produced by any 
public sector or private sector organization and certified by the Federal 
Seed Certification and Registration Department;] 
5
[(iv)] “certified seed” means seed certified by the Federal Seed Certification 
6
[and Registration Department]; 
                                                 
1This Act was published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 18.5.1976, pages 286-294. 
2Substituted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(1). 
3Renumbered by the Seed (Amen dment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
4Substituted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(1). 
5Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
 
7
[(v) “enlisted variety” means a variety enlisted by the Federal Seed 
Certification and Registration Department under Section 22A;] 
8
[(e) * * * * * * * * * * *   ] 
9
[(vi)] “Federal Seed Certification Agency” means the Federal Seed 
Certification 
10
[and Registration Department]  established under section 
5; 
11
[(vii) “Federal Seed Committee” means Federal Seed Committee constituted 
under section 221; 
(viii) “genetically modified variety” means plant varieties which have been 
bred by genetic engineering involving molecular techniques that 
modify, recombine and transfer genes or segments of genetic material 
and includes recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) techniqu es that 
transfer genes or segments of genetic material between genotype and 
also apply to plant varieties derived from a living modified organism; 
(ix) “horticulture nursery” means any grounds or premises on which 
nursery plants are propagated, grown or pr ocured for resale and held 
for sale throughout the year;] 
12
[(x) “hybrid” means (1) the first generation offspring of a cross between two 
individuals (plants) differing in one or more genes; (2) the progeny of a 
cross between species of the same genus or of different genera; 
(xi) “misbranded seed” means a seed if– 
(i) it is a substitute for, or resembles in a manner likely to deceive, 
another plant variety or hybrid of seed under the name of which 
it is sold, and is not plainly and conspicuously labelled so  as to 
indicate its true nature; 
(ii) it is falsely stated to be the product of any place or country; 
(iii) it is sold by a name which belongs to another kind or plant 
variety or hybrid of seed; 
(iv) false claims are made for it upon the label or otherwise; 
(v) when sold in a package which has been sealed or prepared by, 
or at the instance of, the person engaged in seed business and 
                                                                                                                                                        
6Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and publish ed in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(1). 
7Inserted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(6). 
8Clause (e) omitted by the  Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, 
dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(3). 
9Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary),  Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
10Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(7). 
11Inserted by the Seed (Amendmen t) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(8). 
12Inserted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(9). 
 
which bears his name or address, the contents of each package 
are not conspicuously and correctly stated on the outside 
thereof within the limits of variability prescribed under this Act; 
(vi) the package containing it or the label on the package, bears any 
statement, design or device regarding the quality or the kind or 
plant variety or hybrid of seed contained therein, which is false 
or misleading in any material particular or if the package is 
otherwise deceptive with respect to its contents; 
(vii) it is not registered in the manner required by or under this Act; 
(viii) its label contains any reference to registration other than  
registration number; 
(ix) its label does not contain a waning or caution which may be 
necessary and sufficient, if complied with, to protect human, 
animal and plant life and health or to avoid serious prejudice to 
the environment; 
(x) the package containi ng it or the label on the package bears the 
name of a fictitious individual or company as  the dealer of the 
kind or plant variety or hybrid; or 
(xi) it is not labe lled in accordance with the requirements of this Act 
or the rules made thereunder;] 
13
[(xii)] “National Seed Council” means the National Seed Council 
established under section 3; 
14
[(xiii)] “notified variety or species” means a variety or species which 
has been notified as such under section 10; 
15
[(xiv) “person” means any natural or legal entity and  includes an 
association of persons , firm, partnership, society, group of 
persons, a public or private limited company, corporation, 
cooperative society or any other body corporate;] 
16
[(xv)] “post-control” means a trial to check on varietal authenticity an d 
purity of the certified seed; 
17
[(xvi)] “pre-basic seed” means seed of high genetic purity produced by 
a plant breeder; 
18
[(xvii)] “prescribed” means prescribed by rules; 
                                                 
13Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
14Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
15Inserted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(10). 
16Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act , 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
17Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
18Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
 
19
[(xviii)] “Provincial Seed Council” means a Provincial Seed Council 
established under section 9; 
20
[(xix)] “registered grower” means a person or group of persons 
engaged in producing seed and registered as such under this 
Act; 
21
[(xx)] “registered variety” means a variety registered by the 
22
[Federal 
Seed Certification Department under section 22A]; 
23
[(xxi)] “released variety” means a registered variety having agricultural 
value for growing in a Province and approved by the Provincial 
Seed Council; 
24
[(xxii)] “rules” means rules made under this Act; 
25
[(xxiii)] 
26
[“seed” means any of the branded  reproductive or vegetative 
propagating material of the plants of field crops, vegetable 
crops, fruits, spices, medicinal herbs, flowers, shrubs, forest 
trees, other plant species and mushroom spawn used for 
sowing or planting the genera or species prescri bed by the 
Federal Government;] 
27
[(xxiv)] “Seed Analyst” means a Seed Analyst appointed under section 
17; 
28
[(xxv) “seed business” means any commercial operation of seed 
involving production, processing, conditioning, packaging, 
distribution, import and export of seeds;] 
29
[(xxvi)] “Seed Certification Officer” means a Seed Certification Officer 
appointed under section 18; 
                                                 
19Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Ext raordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
20Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
21Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2 015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
22Substituted for the words “National Registration Agency under section 8” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published 
in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(11). 
23Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
24Renumbered by the Seed (Amendme nt) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
25Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
26Substituted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(12). 
27Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Paki stan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
28Inserted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(13). 
29Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment ) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
 
30
[(xxvii) “seed dealer” means any person registered as seed dealer 
under this Act;] 
31
[(xxviii)] “Seed Inspector” means a Seed Inspector app ointed under 
section 19; 
32
[(xxix) “seed processing” means the process by which seeds and 
planting materials are dried, threshed, shelled, ginned or 
delinted (in cotton), cleaned, graded or treated;] 
33
[(xxx)] “species” means a group of plants representing a  crop known 
by a common name, such as, wheat, paddy and cotton 
belonging to one species sub-species or forma; 
34
[***] 
35
[(xxxi) “terminator technology” means genetic modification that 
includes gene or gene sequences which restrict germination of 
the seed pro duced by the plant variety or hybrid during the 
next subsequent year of planting;] 
36
[(xxxii) “truthfully labelled seed” means seed of a registered variety or 
hybrid produced locally or imported and which conforms to 
standards as prescribed under the rules;] 
37
[(xxxiii)] “variety” means a group of plants belonging to a species 
which for cropping purpose is considered as an individual unit 
and can be distinguished from other varieties of the same 
species 
38
[; and 
(xxxiv) “variety evaluation committee” means the  committee 
constituted for evaluation of candidate crop varieties in the 
country as may be prescribed.] 
3. Establishment of National Seed Council .– As soon as may be after the 
commencement of this Act, the Federal Government shall establish a National Seed  
Council under the Chairmanship of the Federal Minister -in-Charge 
39
[the Ministry 
                                                 
30Inserted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(14). 
31Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
32Inserted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (E xtraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(15). 
33Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
34The word “and” omitted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, 
dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(16). 
35Inserted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(17). 
36Inserted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(18). 
37Renumbered by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pa kistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(2). 
38Replace the full stop with semi colon and the word “and”  and new clause inserted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and 
published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.2(19). 
39Substituted for the words “of Agriculture” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.3. 
 
concerned] for the performance of such functions as may be entrusted to it under 
this Act. 
4. Functions of the National Seed Council .– The functions of the National 
Seed Council inter-alia shall be– 
(i) to advise on policy for the development, operation and regulation of the 
Provincial seed industries; 
(ii) to maintain a watch on the operation of the provisions of this Act; 
(iii) to guide in administering the seed quality control service; 
(iv) to direct initiation of Provincial Seed Projects; 
(v) to ensure and protect investment in the seed industry; 
(vi) to approve and sanction seed standards; 
(vi) to regulate inter-Provincial seed movement; 
(viii) to advise on import of seeds; 
(ix) to coordinate multiplication and supply of seeds of approved varieties; 
(x) to co ordinate the arrangements for the m aintenance of genetic 
potential; and 
(xi) to assist in developing approved seed production farms 
5. Establishment of Federal Seed Certification 
40
[and Regist ration 
Department].– As soon as may be after the commencement of this Act, the Federal 
Government shall establish a Federal Seed Certification 
41
[and Registration 
Department] for the performance of such functions as may be entrusted it under this 
Act. 
6. Functions of Federal Seed Certification 
42
[and Registration Department].– 
The Federal Seed Certification 
43
[and Registration Department] shall perform the 
following functions, namely– 
(a) controlling the quality of seeds; 
(b) registering growers in such manner  and subject to such conditions as 
may be prescribed; 
(c) certification of seeds; 
(d) field inspection of the crops of registered varieties and released 
varieties intended for sale as basic seed or certified seed; 
                                                 
40Substituted for the word “Agency ” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.4. 
41Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.4. 
42Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.5. 
43Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.5. 
 
(e) sampling and testing of seed lots inte nded for sale in order to ascertain 
their purity, viability, germination capacity and health status in the 
prescribed manner; 
(f) issuing certificates in respect of seeds which meet the prescribed 
standards of particular category of seeds; 
(g) carrying out post-control trials on pre-basic, basic and certified seeds ; 
(h) sampling and analysing seed lots delivered to the processing plants to 
establish a basis for the purchase of such lots; 
(i) arranging training courses for 
44
[persons engaged in the seed 
business;] 
(j) providing technical and specialist advice and assistance to the National 
Seed Council in the performance of its functions 
45
[;] 
46
[(k) conduct pre-registration checking of varieties of both public and private 
sectors submitted for the purpose of 
(i) determining agronomic value regarding regional suitability for 
registration as a plant variety or hybrid evaluated by variety 
evaluation committee; 
(ii) providing definitive botanical description of plant varieties; and 
(iii) providing information on ge netic suitability and adaptability of 
varieties; 
(l) register seed varieties after conducting pre -registration checking under 
clause (k); 
(m) publish a list of registered plant varieties; 
(n) perform such other functions as the National Seed Council may en trust 
to it; and 
(o) propose procedures for maintaining purity of the seed stock and 
conduct research in seed science and technology.] 
47
[7. Establishment of National Registration Agency.–* * * * *   ] 
48
[8. Functions of National Registration Agency.– * * * * * *   ] 
9. Establishment of Provincial Seed Council .– As soon as may be after the 
commencement of this Act, each Provincial Government shall establish a Provincial 
Seed Council for the performance of such functions for the purposes of this Act as 
                                                 
44Substituted for the words “seed Certification Officer; and” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published  in the Gazette 
of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.5. 
45Substituted with full stop by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part 
I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.5. 
46Inserted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.5. 
47Omitted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I , dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.6. 
48Omitted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.6. 
 
may be entrusted to it by the Federal Government, in consultation with the Provincial 
Government. 
10. Power to notify varieties or species of seed .– The Federal Government 
may, by notification in the official Gazette, specify:– 
(a) the varieties or species of see d approved for production in a Province 
or any part thereof; 
(b) the minimum limits of germination and purity standards to which such 
seed shall conform; and 
(c) the mark and label to indicate that such seed conforms to the minimum 
limits of germination an d purity standards and the particulars which 
such mark or label may contain. 
11. Regulation of sale of seeds of 
49
[plant] varieties and species .– 
50
[1] No 
person shall, sell, offer for sale, or advertise or hold in stock for sale, or barter or 
otherwise supply, any seed of any notified variety or species unless,– 
(a) such seed is identifiable as to its variety or species; 
(b) such seed conforms to the minimum limits of germination and purity 
standards as laid down under section 10; 
(c) the container of such s eed bears the mark and label containing correct 
particulars thereof  in the prescribed manner; and 
51
[(d) any other requirement as may be prescribed has been complied with.] 
52
[(2) No person shall sell, adve rtise or hold in stock for sale, seed of any 
plant variety or hybrid ban ned or not approved by the Federal Government or a 
Provincial Government.] 
12. Appointment of registered growers .– The Federal Seed Certification 
53
[and 
Registration Department]  may, on the recommendation of a Provincial Seed 
Council, register any farmer or grower as a registered grower to produce seed in the 
prescribed manner. 
13. Grant of certificate by Federal Certification 
54
[and Registration 
Department].– (1) Any person intending to produce notified varieties or species of 
seed, or stock for sale, or offer for distribution or otherwise supply seed, of a notified 
variety or species may, if he desires to have such seed certified or tested by the 
                                                 
49Substituted for the word “notified” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015 ; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.7. 
50Existing provision numbered as “(1)” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.7. 
51Substituted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.7. 
52Added by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakist an (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.7. 
53Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.8. 
54Substituted for t he word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.8. 
 
Federal Seed Certification 
55
[and Registration Department], apply to the said Agency 
for the grant of a certificate for this purpose. 
 (2) Every application under sub -section (1) shall be in such form and be 
accompanied by such fee and contain such information as may be prescribed. 
 (3) On receipt of an application under sub -section (1), the Fede ral 
Certification 
56
[and Registration Department] , may after such enquiry as it thinks fit 
and after satisfying itself that the seed to which the application relates conforms to 
the minimum prescribed standards, grant a certificate in such form and on such 
conditions as may be prescribed. 
14. Period for which registration and certification shall be effective .– (1) The 
registration of a grower for producing seeds shall be effective for such period, not 
exceeding five years, as may be prescribed. 
 (2) The certification of the notified varieties and species of seeds shall be 
effective for such period as may be prescribed. 
15. Cancellation of certification .– If, at any time after certification under sub -
section (3)  of section 13,  the Federal Seed Certification 
57
[and Registration 
Department] is satisfied, either on a reference made to it in this behalf or otherwise, 
that– 
(i) the certificate granted by it has been obtained by misrepresentation or 
suppression of an essential fact; or 
(ii) the holder of the certifi cate has, without reasonable cause, failed to 
comply with the conditions subject to which the certificate has been 
granted or has contravened any of the prov isions of this Act or the 
rules, 
then, without prejudice to any other penalty to which the holder o f the 
certificate may be liable under this Act, the Federal Seed Certification 
58
[and Registration Department]  may, after giving the holder an 
opportunity of showing cause, cancel the certificate. 
16. Appeal.– (1) Any person aggrieved by a decision of the F ederal Seed 
Certification 
59
[and Registration Department]  under section 15 to cancel a certificate 
may, within thirty days from the date on which the decision to cancel the certificate is 
communicated to him and on payment of such fee as may be prescribed, prefer an 
appeal to the Federal Government or any other authority as it may determine from 
time to time. 
                                                 
55Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of  Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.8. 
56Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.8. 
57Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.8. 
58Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gaz ette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.8. 
59Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.8. 
 
 (2) On receipt of an appeal under sub -section (1), the appellate authority 
shall, after giving the appellant an opportunity of being heard, dispose -off the appeal 
as expeditiously as possible. 
 (3) The order of the appellate authority under this section shall be final. 
17. Seed Analyst. – The Federal Seed Certification 
60
[and Registration 
Department] may, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint a ny person to be a 
Seed Analyst to test the quality and purity of seed produced at the seed farms before 
it is given out for commercial cultivation. 
18. Seed Certification Officer .– The Federal Seed Certification 
61
[and 
Registration Department]  may, by notif ication in the official Gazette, appoint such 
person as it thinks fit to be a Seed Certification Officer for such area as may be 
specified in the notification. 
(2) A Seed Certification Officer shall perform the same functions as are 
assigned to a Seed Insp ector and also supervise the work of the Seed Inspectors in 
the area for which he is appointed. 
19. Seed Inspector. – The Federal Seed Certification 
62
[and Registration 
Department] may, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint such persons as it 
thinks fit to be Seed Inspectors for such areas as may be specified in the notification. 
20. Power of Seed Inspectors. – (1) A Seed Inspector may, within the area for 
which he is appointed, inspect and take samples of any seed in labelled containers 
purporting to contain seed of a notified variety or species of seed from any person 
producing, selling, delivering, stocking or distributing seed and send such samples 
for analysis to the nearest laboratory of the Federal Seed Certification 
63
[and 
Registration Department]. 
 (2) The Seed Inspector may– 
(a) enter and search at all times, with such assistance  
64
[of law 
enforcement agency or district administration]  as he may consider 
necessary, any place in which he has reason to believe that an offence 
under this Act has been or is being committed and order in writing the 
person in possession of any seed in respect of which the offence has 
been or is being committed not to dispose of any stock of such seed for 
a specified period not exceeding thirty days or, unless the all eged 
offence is such that the defect may be removed by the  possessors of 
seed, seize the stock of such seed; 
                                                 
60Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.8. 
61Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.8. 
62Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.8. 
63Substituted for the word “Agency” by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan 
(Extraordinary), Part I, dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.9. 
64Inserted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pak istan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.9. 
 
(b) examine any record, register, document or other material object found 
in any place mentioned in clause (a) and seize the same if he has 
reason to believe that it may furnish evidence of the commission of any 
offence punishable under this Act; and 
(c) exercise such powers as may be necessary for carrying out the 
purposes of this Act or any rule. 
 
65
[(3) * * * * * * * * * * *   ] 
 (4) The power conferred by this section includes power to break open any 
labelled container in which any seed of any notified variety or species may be kept 
and to break upon the door of any premises where any such seed may be kept for 
sale: 
 Provided that the power to bre ak open the door shall be exercised only after 
the owner or any other person in occupation of the premise, if he is present therein, 
refuses to open the door on being called upon to do so. 
 (5) Where the Seed Inspector takes any  action under sub -section (1), he 
shall, as far as possible, call not less than two persons of the locality to be present at 
the time when such action is taken and take their signature on a memorandum to be 
prepared in the prescribed form and manner. 
 (6) The provisions of the Code o f Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V of  
1898), shall, so far as may be, apply to any search or seizure made under this 
section as they apply to any search or seizure made under the authority of a warrant 
issued under section 98 of the said Code. 
21. Procedure to be followed by Seed Inspector .– (1) Whenever a Seed 
Inspector intends to take a sample from the crop of any seed of any notified variety 
or species for analysis, he shall– 
(a) give notice in writing of his intention to do so to the person from whom 
he intends to take sample; and 
(b) except in special cases provided by rules, take three representative  
samples in the prescribed manner and mark and seal or fasten up each 
sample in such manner as its nature permits. 
 (2) When samples of any seed of any no tified variety or species are taken 
under sub-section (1), the Seed Inspector shall– 
(a) deliver one sample to the person from whom it has been taken; 
(b) send, in the prescribed manner, another sample for analysis to the 
Seed Testing Laboratory of the are a within which such sample has 
been taken; and  
(c) retain the remaining sample in the prescribed manner for  production in 
case any legal proceedings are taken. 
 (3) Where a Seed Inspector makes an order under clause (a) of sub -
section (2) of section 20, 
                                                 
65Subsection (3) omitted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, 
dated 29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.9 
 
(a) he shall use all dispatch in ascertaining whether or not the seed 
contravenes any of the specifications laid down under section 10, and, 
if it is ascertained that the seed does not so contravene, forthwith  
revoke the order passed under the said clause or, as the case may be, 
take such action as may be necessary for the return of the stock of the 
seed seized thereunder; 
(b) if the stock of the seed seized under that clause does not conform to 
the aforesaid specifications, he shall, as soon as may be, rep ort the 
matter to a Magistrate and take his o rders as to the custody thereof ; 
and 
(c) without prejudice to the institution of any prosecution, if the alleged 
offence is such that the defect may be removed by the possessor of 
the seed, he shall, on being sa tisfied that the defect has been so 
removed, forthwith revoke the order passed under the said clause. 
 (4) Where a Seed Inspector seizes any record, register, documents or any 
material object under clause (b) of sub -section (2) of section 20,  he shall, as  soon 
as may be, report the matter to a Magistrate and take his orders as to the custody 
thereof. 
22. Report of Seed Testing Laboratory .– (1) The Seed Testing Laboratory 
shall, as soon as may be after the receipt of the sample under section 21, analyse 
the sample and deliver, in such form as may be prescribed, one copy of the report of 
the result of the analysis to the Seed Inspector and another copy thereof to the 
person from whom the sample has been taken. 
 (2) The production in any inquiry, trial or othe r proceedings under this Act 
of a report under the hand of a Seed Analyst in the form prescribed shall, until the 
contrary is proved, be sufficient to prove the facts stated therein. 
 (3) When any person is accused of an offence under this Act, the court 
may, if it considers necessary in the interest of justice and the accused deposits in 
the court a sum of money in accordance with the scale prescribed, summon as a 
witness the Seed Analyst who analysed the sample in respect of which such person 
is accused of having committed an offence, and, if such person is acquitted, any sum 
of money so deposited shall be refunded to him. 
66
[22A. Registration or enlisting of plant variety or hybrid .– (1) An application for 
registration of plant variety or hybrid shall be m ade in such form and be 
accompanied by such fee and shall contain such information as may be prescribed. 
(2) Subject to the provisions of section 22E, the Federal Seed Certification 
and Registration Department may register or enlist, or refuse to register or enlist, a 
plant variety or hybrid as may be prescribed. 
(3) The plant varieties or hybrids imported for general cultivation would be 
registered or enlisted by Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department on 
the basis of the results of multi -location trials for at least two crop season s within 
Pakistan as may be prescribed. 
                                                 
66Inserted by the Seed (Amen dment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.11. 
 
(4) If it any time after registration of a plant variety or hybrid, the Federal 
Seed Certification and Registration Department is satisfied, either on a reference 
made to it by any person or organization in this behalf or otherwise, that the 
registration or enlisting granted by it has been obtained by misrepresentation or 
suppression of essential factor conditions of registration has been changed, then 
Federal Seed Certificati on and Registration Department may cancel registration or 
enlisting of the plant variety or hybrid in such manner as may be prescribed. 
(5) For the purposes of this Act, a register of all registered or enlisted plant 
varieties or hybrids to be called Natio nal Register of Seeds shall be kept by Federal 
Seed Certification and Registration Department wherein all specifications, as may be 
prescribed, shall be maintained. 
(6) The Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department shall, 
within such intervals and in such manner as it thinks appropriate, publish the national 
list of plant varieties or hybrids registered or enlisted during that interval. 
22B. Registration to do seed business .– (1) Any person may make application, 
on the form as may be prescribed, for registration of seed business in Pakistan. 
(2) The application form, under sub -section (1), shall accompany such fee 
as may be prescribed. 
(3) The Ministry, dealing with subject -matter of seed, after making such 
enquiry as may be prescribed, shall gr ant registration to the applicant specified 
under sub-section (1). 
(4) Every registration granted under this Act shall remain valid for five 
years from the date of issue of the registration unless earlier suspended or 
cancelled. 
(5) Every holder of the registration desirous to renew the registration shall, 
before the expiry of the registration period, make an application for renewal to the 
Director General, Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department together 
with such fee as may be prescribed. 
(6) On receipt of application under sub -section (5) and a renewal 
prescribed, the Director General, Federal Seed Certification and Registration 
Department, may renew the registration for another period of five years 
(7) In case the application under sub-section (5) is made after the expiry of 
the registration, the registration may be renewed on payment of an additional fee of 
one thousand rupees for each month or part thereof, in addition to the fee for 
renewal of registration. 
(8) The registration shall be deemed cancelled, if– 
(a) the registration is not renewed within six months after the date of 
expiry of the registration; or 
(b) the holder of the registration fails to do business for at least 
three years; or 
(c) the holder of the registration is found to  be in violation of any 
provision of this Act. 
 
22C. Registration of seed dealer .– (1) No person shall sell crop seeds at any 
place except under the terms and conditions of dealership license granted to him 
under this Act. 
(2) Provisional dealership license will be granted for one year without pre -
condition of prescribed training. 
(3) Any person having received prescribed training from the Federal Seed 
Certification and Registration Department may, for regular registration and grant of 
license under this Act , apply to Provincial Government on prescribed form 
accompanied by such fee as may be prescribed. 
(4) The Provincial Government shall, after making such inquiry as may be 
necessary, grant registration to the applicant or otherwise decide the application wi th 
three months after its filing. 
(5) Every licence issued under this Act shall unless earlier suspended or 
cancelled earlier, remain valid for three years from the date of its issue. 
(6) Every holder of a licence desiring to renew the licence shall, befor e the 
expiry of licence, apply to the Provincial Government for renewal of the licence on 
payment of such fee as may be prescribed. 
(7) On receipt of application and fee under sub -section (6), the Provincial 
Government, on the recommendation of the Regiona l Director, Federal Seed 
Certification and Registration Department, may renew the licence for another three 
years. 
(8) Every seed dealer shall clearly display at his place of business the sale 
prices of different crop seeds held by him including the openin g and closing stocks 
on a daily basis. 
(9) The licence of any seed dealer shall be liable to be cancelled if he is 
found to be in violation of any provision of this Act. 
22D. Registration of seed processing units .– (1) No person shall maintain a 
seed proce ssing unit unless such unit is registered by the Federal Government 
under this Act. 
(2) The Federal Government shall register seed processing unit if it meets 
the specifications prescribed in terms of infrastructure, equipment and qualified man 
power. 
(3) Every application for registration shall be made in such form and 
manner and accompanied by such fee as may be prescribed. 
(4) The Federal Government may, after making such inquiry and subject to 
such conditions as it thinks fit , grant a certificate for ma intaining a seed processing 
unit in such form as may be prescribed. 
(5) Every seed processing unit shall furnish periodic returns in such form 
and at such time as may be prescribed. 
(6) The registration shall be cancelled, if– 
(a) it has been obtained by m isrepresentation as to a material particular 
relating to the specification in terms of infrastructure, equipment and 
qualified man power; or 
 
(b) the registration holder is found to be in violation of any provision of this 
Act or rules made thereunder. 
22E. Restrictions.– No person shall – (a) conduct seed business in Pakistan 
unless such person is registered to do so under section 22B, 22C or section 22D; 
(b) import, sell, stock or exhibit for sale, barter or otherwise supply any 
seed of any variety or hybri d which is not registered or enlisted under 
this Act for cultivation in Pakistan; or 
(c) import, sell, stock or exhibit for sale, barter or otherwise supply any 
seed of any variety or hybrid if misbranded. 
22F. Establishment of seed testing laboratories .– The F ederal Government 
may, by notification in the official Gazette, allow accredited seed laboratories in the 
public and private sectors to carryout analysis of seed of any king or plant variety or 
hybrid under this Act in such manner as may be prescribed. 
22G. Registration of genetically modified plant varieties .– Notwithstanding 
anything contained in this Act, no registration of genetically modified plant variety or 
hybrid shall be made, if the application for registration does not accompany– 
(a) an affi davit from the applicant declaring that such variety does not 
contain any gene or gene sequence involving terminator technology; 
(b) a certificate from the National Biosafety Committee established by the 
Federal Government to the effect that the traits of genetically modified 
variety or hybrid shall have no adverse effect on the environment, 
human, animal or plant life and health; and 
(c) field data of two crop season trial in respect of Biosafety and 
performance as prescribed. 
22H. Horticulture nurseries t o be registered .– (1) No person shall conduct or 
carry on the business of horticulture nursery unless such nursery is registered with 
the Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department in consultation with 
Provincial Government. 
(2) Every application for registration under sub-section (1) shall be made in 
such form and contain such particulars and shall be accompanied by such fee as 
may be prescribed. 
22I. Federal Seed Committee .– The Federal Government may, by notification in 
the official Gazette, constitute the Federal Seed Committee consisting of a Chairman 
and members representing the Federal Government and Provincial Agriculture 
Departments, Public and Private seed sectors, progressive farmers and any experts 
to perform such functions as may be prescribed. 
22J. Variety Evaluation Committee .– The Federal Government may, by 
notification in the official Gazette, constitute the Variety Evaluation Committee to 
evaluate candidate lines, cultivars and varieties of public and private sectors and 
imported seed material, for diseases and agronomic values of all fields and 
horticulture crops as prescribed.] 
 
67
[23. Offences and penalty.– Whoever– 
(a)  contravenes any provision or any rule under this Act; or 
(b) imports, sells, holds in stocks or exhibits for s ale or barter or otherwise 
supply any seed of any kind or plant variety or hybrid deemed to be 
misbranded; or 
(c)  imports, sells, holds in stocks or exhibits for sale or barter or otherwise 
supply any seed of any kind or plant variety or hybrid which is n ot a 
registered or enlisted plant variety or hybrid; or 
(d)  prevents a Seed Certification Officer or a Seed Inspector from taking a 
sample or inspecting seed under this Act; or 
(e)  Prevents any official from exercising ay power conferred on him by or 
under this Act, 
Shall be punishable,– 
(i) for the first offe nce, wit h imprisonment for a term which may 
extend to three months or with fine not exceeding two hundred 
thousand rupees; and 
(ii) for every subsequent offence, with imprisonment for a term 
which may extend to six months or with fine not exceeding six 
hundred thousand rupees or both.] 
24. Power of court to order forfeitures .– If any person is convicted of an 
offence punishable under this Act in respect of any notified 
68
[or enlisted] variety or 
species of seed, the court convicting him shall further direct that the seed shall be 
forfeited to the Federal Government. 
25. Cognizance of offence, etc .– (1) No court inferior to that of a Magistrate of 
the first class shall try an offence punishable under this Act. 
(2) No court shall take cognizance of an offence punishable under this Act 
except upon a complaint in writing made by the Federal Seed Certification Agency or 
a person authorised by it in this behalf by an order in writing. 
26. Presumption as to order.– Where an order purports to have been made and 
signed by an authority in exercise of any power conferred by or under this Act , a 
court shall presume within the meaning of the Evidence Act, 1872 (I of 1872), that 
such order was so made by that authority. 
27. Indemnity.– No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against 
any person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this 
Act or the rules. 
28. Delegation of powers .– The Federal Government may, by notificatio n in the 
official Gazette, direct that all or any of its powers under this Act or the rules shall, in 
                                                 
67Substituted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.12. 
68Inserted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.13. 
 
such circumstances and under such conditions, if any,as may be specified in the 
notification, be exercisable also by– 
69
[(a) an officer or authority subordinate to Provincial Government; or] 
(b) an officer or authority subordinate to the Federal Government. 
29. Power to make rules. – (1) The Federal Government may, by notification in 
the official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act. 
(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing 
power, such rules may provide for– 
(a) the functions of the Seed Testing Laboratory; 
(b) the requirements which shall be complied with by the registered 
growers or a person carrying  on th e business of seed production, 
processing or distribution; 
(c) the form of application for the grant of a certificate under section 13, 
the particulars it shall contain, the fees which shall accompany it, the 
form of the certificate and the condition s subject to which the certificate 
may be granted; 
(d) the records to be maintained by a registered grower or a person 
carrying on the business referred to in sub -section (1) of section 13, 
and the particulars which such records shall contain; 
(e) the from  and manner in which and the fee on payment of which, an 
appeal may be preferred under section 16 and the procedure  to be 
followed by the appellate authority in disposing of the appeal ;   
(f) the qualifications and duties of a Seed Certification Officer; 
(g) the qualifications and duties of a Seed Inspector; 
(h) the manner in which samples may be taken by the Seed Inspector, the 
procedure for sending such samples to the Seed Testing Laboratory 
and the manner of analysing such samples; 
(i) the form of repor t of the result of the analysis under sub -section (1) of 
section 22 and the fees payable in respect  thereof ; 
(j) the powers and functions of a Seed Analyst; and 
(k) any other matter which is to be or may be prescribed. 
                                                 
69Substituted by the Seed (Amendment) Act, 2015; and published in the Gazette of Pakistan (Extraordinary), Part I, dated 
29.7.2015, pages 545-556, s.14.