Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 1891

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THE BANKERS’ BOOKS EVIDENCE ACT, 1891 
 
 
 
CONTENTS 
 
1. Title and extent 
2. Definitions 
3. Power to extend provisions of Act 
4. Mode of proof of entries bankers’ books 
5. Case in which officer of bank not compellable to produce books 
6. Inspection of books by order of Court or Judge 
7. Costs 
 

 
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THE BANKERS’ BOOKS EVIDENCE ACT, 1891 
lACT No. XVIII OF 1891 
[1st October, 1891] 
An Act to amend the Law of Evidence with respect to Bankers’ Books. 
 WHEREAS it is expedient to amend the Law of Evidence with respect to Bankers’ Books; It 
is hereby enacted as follows:- 
 1. Title and extent.___ (1) This Act may be called the Bankers’ Books Evidence, 1891. 
 2[(2) It extends to the whole of Pakistan]; 2* 
 3[*  *  *  *  *  *  *] 
 2. Definitions. In this Act, unless there is something repugnant in the subject or context, – 
4[(1)  “company” means a company registered under any of the enactments relating 
to companies for the time being in force in any part of His Majesty ’s 
dominions or incorporated b y an Act of Parliament 5[of the United Kingdom] 
or by an 6[Pakistan] law or by Royal Charter or by Letters Patent:] 
(2)  “bank” and “banker” mean– 
(a)  any company carrying on the business of bankers, 
(b)  any partnership or individual to whose books the p rovisions of this Act 
shall have been extended as hereinafter provided, 
7[(c)  any post office savings bank or money order office:] 
 
 
1For Statement of Objects and Reasons, see Gazette of India, 1891, Pt. v, P. 24: for report of the Select Committee, see ibid., p. 
189, and for Proceedings in Council, see ibid., Pt. VI, pp. 15,25,117,135 and 140. 
The Act has been declared to be in force in Baluchistan by the British Baluchistan Laws Regulation, 1913 (2 of 1913). 
It has also been extended to the Leased Areas of Baluchistan, see the Leased Areas (Laws) Order, 1950 (G. G .O. 3 of 1950); and applied in the 
Federated Areas of Baluchistan, see Gazette of India, 1937, Pt. I, p. 1499. 
The Act and the rules, notifications and orders made thereunder, have been applied to the whole of the Federally Administered 
Tribal Areas or to the parts of those Areas to which they do not already apply, by Regulation No.I of 1975, s. 2 and the Schedule. 
The Act and the rules, notifications and orders made thereunder, as in force in N.W.F.P. before the 15th July, 1975, have been applied to the Districts of 
Chitral, Dir and Swat and Malakand Protected Areas of the N.W.F.P. by Reg. No. III of 1975, s. 2 and Sch. 
2Subs. by the Central Laws (Statute Reform) Ordinance, 1960 (21 of 1960), s. 3 and 2nd Sch., (with effect from the 14th October, 1955), for the 
original sub-section (2) as amended by A. O., 1949, Arts. 3 (2) and 4. 
3The word “and” at the end of sub-section (2), and sub-section (3) rep. by the Repealing and Amending Act, 1914 (10 of 1914). 
4Subs. by A. O., 1937, for previous definition which had been subs., for original definition by the Bankers’ Books Evidence Act, 1900 (12 of 
1900). 
5lns. by A, O., 1961, Art. 2 and Sch., (with effect from the 23rd March, 1956). 
6Subs. by A. O., 1949, Sch., for “India”. 
7Cl. (c) was added by s. 2 of the Bankers’ Books Evidence Act, 1893 (1 of 1893). 
 
 
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(3)  “bankers’ books” include ledgers, day-books, cash-books, account-books and 
all other books used in the ordinary business of a bank: 
(4)  “legal proceeding” means any proceeding or inquiry in which evidence is or 
may be given, and includes an arbitration: 
(5)  “the Court” means the person or persons before whom a legal proceeding is 
held or taken: 
(6)  “Judge” means a Judge of a High Court: 
(7)  “trial” means any hearing before the Court at which evidence is taken: and 
(8)  “certified copy” means a copy of any entry in the books of a bank together 
with a certificate written at the foot of such copy that it is a true copy of such 
entry, that such entry is contained in one of the ordinary books of the bank and 
was made in the usual and ordinary course of business, and that such book is 
still in the custody of the bank, such certificate being dated and subscribed by 
the principal accountant or manager of the bank with his name and official 
title. 
 3. Power to extend provisions of Act. The l[provincial Government] may, from time to time, 
by notification in the official Gazette, extend the provisions of the Act to the books of any 
partnership or individual carrying on the business of bankers within the territories under its ad-
ministration, and keeping a set of not less than three ordinary account books , namely, a cash-book, a 
day-book or journal, and a ledger, and may in like manner rescind any such notification. 
 4. Mode of proof of entries bankers’ books. Subject to the provisions of this Act a certified 
copy of any entry in a banker’s book shall in all legal proceedings be received as prima facie 
evidence of the existence of such entry, and shall be admitted as evidence of the matters, transactions 
and accounts therein recorded in every case where, and to the same extent as, the original entry itself 
is now by law admissible, but not further or otherwise. 
 5. Case in which officer of bank not compellable to produce books. No officer of a bank 
shall in any legal proceeding to which the bank is not a party be compellable to produce any banker’s 
book the contents of which can be proved under this Act, or to appear as a witness to prove the 
matters, transactions and accounts therein recorded, unless by order of the Court or a Judge made for 
special cause. 
 6. Inspection of books by order of Court or Judge.–(1) On the application of any party to a 
legal proceeding the Court or a Judge may order that such party be at liberty to inspect and take 
copies of any entries in a banker’s book for any of the purposes of such proceeding, or may order the 
bank to prepare and produce, within a time to be specified in the order certified copies of all such 
entries, accompanied by a further certificate that no other entries are to be found in the books of the 
bank relevant to the matters in issue in such proceeding, and such further certificate shall be dated 
and subscribed in manner hereinbefore directed in reference to certified copies. 
 
1Subs. by A. O., 1937, for “L. G.”. 
 
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 (2) An order under this or the preceding section may be made either with or without 
summoning the bank, and shall be served on the bank three clear days (exclusive of bank holidays) 
before the same is to be obeyed, unless the Court or Judge shall otherwise direct. 
 (3) The bank may at any time before the time limited for obedience to any such order as 
aforesaid either offer to produce their books at the trial or give notice of their intention to show cause 
against such order, and thereupon the same shall not be enforced without further order. 
 7. Costs.  (1) The costs of any application to the Court or a Judge under or for the purposes of 
this Act and the costs of anything done or to be done under an order of the Court or a Judge made 
under or for the purposes of this Act shall be in the discretion of the Court or Judge, who may further 
order such costs or any part thereof to be paid to any party by the bank if they have been incurred in 
consequence of any fault or improper delay on the part of the bank. 
 (2) Any order made under this section for the payment of costs to or by a bank may be 
enforced as if the bank were a party, to the proceeding. 
 (3) Any order under this section awarding costs may, on application to any Court of Civil 
Judicature designated in the order, be executed by such Court as if the order were a decree for money 
passed by itself: 
 Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall be construed to derogate from any power 
which the Court or Judge making the order may possess for the enforcement of its or his directions 
with respect to the payment of costs. 
 
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Date: 05-09-2024