PUNJAB MINIMUM WAGES ACT 2019

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THE PUNJAB MINIMUM WAGES ACT 2019 
 (XXVIII of 2019) 
CONTENTS 
1. Short title, extent, application and commencement 
2. Definition 
3. Establishment of Minimum Wages Board 
4. Recommendation of minimum wages for unskilled adult and adolescent 
 workers 
5. Recommendation of minimum rates of wages for workers with respect to 
 particular industry or Establishment 
6. Power to declare minimum rates of wages 
7. Periodical review of minimum rates of wages 
8. Powers of Board to collect information 
9. Powers of the Board to collect evidence 
10. Officers etc., deemed to be public servants 
11. Prohibition to pay wages at a rate below the minimum rates of wages 
12. Claims arising out of wages paid lower than the minimum wages and 
 penalty for malicious or vexatious claims 
13. Appeal 
14. Powers of the Authority 
15. Inspector 
16. Powers of Inspector 
17. Indemnity 
18. Cognizance of offences 
19. Penalty 
 
 
20. Removal of difficulties 
21. Protection against discrimination 
22. Power to make rules 
23. Repeal and Savings 
  
 
 
TEXT 
1
THE PUNJAB MINIMUM WAGES ACT 2019 
 (XXVIII of 2019) 
    [13th December, 2019] 
An 
Act 
to consolidate the laws regulating minimum rates of wages for workers of various 
categories. 
It is necessary to consolidate various laws which fix and provide for regulation of 
minimum rates of wages for unskilled and different categories of skilled workers 
employed in an industry, industrial and commercial establishments and for matters 
connected therewith and ancillary thereto; 
Be it enacted by Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as follows: 
1. Short title, extent, application and commencement . (1) This Act may be 
cited as the Punjab Minimum Wages Act 2019. 
 (2) It shall extend to whole of the Punjab. 
(3) It shall apply to all industrial and commercial establishments in the 
Punjab. 
 (4) It shall come into force at once. 
2. Definition. (1) In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject 
or context: 
(a) “Act” means the Punjab Minimum Wages Act 2019; 
(b) “adolescent” means a person who has c ompleted fourteenth year of 
age but has not completed eighteenth year of his age; 
(c) “adult” means a person who has completed eighteenth year of age; 
(d) “Authority” means the Authority constituted under the Payment of 
Wages Act, 1936 (IV of 1936); 
(e) “Board” means the Minimum Wages Board established under section 3 
of the Act; 
(f) “Chairman” means Chairman of the Board; 
(g) “commercial establishment” means an establishment in which the 
business of advertising, commission or forwarding is conducted, or 
which is a commercial agency, and includes a clerical department of a 
factory or of any industrial or commercial undertaking, the office 
establishment of a person who for the purpose of fulfilling a contract 
with the owner of any commercial establishment or industrial 
establishment employs worker, a unit of a joint stock company, an 
insurance company, a banking company or a bank, a broker’s office or 
                                                      
1This Act was passed by Provincial Assembly of the Punjab on 2 0 November 2019; assented to by the Governor of the Punjab 
on 10 December 2019; and, was published in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), dated: 13 December 2019, pp.2561-2568 
 
 
stock-exchange, a shop, a club, a hotel, a restaurant or an eating 
house, a cinema or theater, private educati onal institutions, private 
health institutions and hospitals, clinical laboratories, private security 
agencies, other establishment or class thereof which run on 
commercial and profit basis, and such other establishment or class 
thereof, as Government may,  by notification in the official Gazette, 
declare to be a commercial establishment for the purposes of this Act 
and includes: 
(a) a society registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 
(XXI of 1860); 
(b) a voluntary social welfare organization; and  
(c) a charitable institution or a trust, whether registered or not, 
which carries on, whether for purposes of gain or not, any 
business, trade or profession, or any work in connection with or 
incidental or ancillary thereto; 
(h) “construction industry” means an industry engaged in the construction, 
reconstruction, maintenance, repair, alteration or demolition of any 
building, railway, tramway, harbor, dock, pier, canal, inland waterway, 
road, tunnel, bridge, dam,  viaduct, sewer, drain, water work, well, 
telegraphic or telephonic installation, electrical undertaking, gas work, 
or other work of construction as well as the preparation for, or laying 
the foundations of, any such work or structure; 
(i) “employer” means a person owning or having charge of the business of 
an industrial or commercial establishment and includes an agent or 
manager or any other person acting on behalf of such person in the 
general management or control of such establishment; 
 (j) “Government” means Government of the Punjab; 
(k) “Industrial Establishment” means: 
(a) a workshop or other establishment in which the work of making, 
altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing or packing or 
otherwise treating an article or substance with a view to i ts use, 
sale, transport, delivery or disposal is carried out, or where any 
such service is rendered to a customer or client and any other 
establishment which Government may, by notification in the 
official Gazette, declare to be an industrial establishment; 
(b) a factory; 
(c) an establishment of a contractor, who directly or indirectly, 
employs persons to do any skilled or unskilled, manual or 
clerical labour for hire or reward in connection with execution of 
a contract, to which he is a party, and includes  premises in 
which, or the site at which, any process connected with 
execution is carried on; 
 Explanation.- Contractor includes a sub -contractor, 
headman, middleman or agent; and 
 
 
(d) an establishment or a person, who directly or indirectly, employs 
workers in connection with any construction work or industry and 
road transport service; 
(l) “Industry” means any business, trade, manufacturing, calling, service, 
employment or occupation of producing goods or services for sale; 
(m) “member” means a member of the Board; 
(n) “minimum wages” means rates of wages notified under the Act; 
(o) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules; 
(p) “Road Transport Service” means a service carrying passengers or 
goods or both by road in vehicles for hire or reward; 
(q) “rules” mean rules made under this Act; 
(r) “unskilled worker” means a worker, whether adult or adolescent 
employed in an industrial or commercial establishment to do unskilled 
labour; 
(s) “wages” means all remuneration capable of being expressed in terms 
of money, which would, if the terms of contract of employment, express 
or implied, were fulfilled, be payable to a person employed in respect of 
his employment or of work done in such employment, but does not 
include: 
(a) any contribution paid by the employer in resp ect of such person 
under any scheme of social insurance or to a pension fund or 
provident fund; 
(b) any travelling allowance or the value of any travelling 
concession; 
(c) any sum paid to such person to defray special expenses 
incurred by him in respect of his employment; 
(d) any sum paid as statutory bonus or otherwise; 
(e) any gratuity payable on discharge; 
(f) any sum paid as share in the profit as per provisions of the 
Companies Profits (Workers Participation) Act, 1968 (XII of 
1968); or 
(g) any sum paid as reward or award and any facility granted or any 
sum in lieu thereof paid on special occasion or performance; 
and 
(t) “worker” means any person including an apprentice emp loyed in any 
industry, industrial or commercial establishment to do any unskilled, 
skilled, manual, clerical, technical, intellectual or any other work for hire 
or reward but does not include the persons employed in coal mines in 
respect of whom minimum wa ges may be fixed under the Coal Mines 
(Fixation of Rates of Wages) Ordinance, 1960 (XXXIX of 1960). 
 (2) Expressions used in this Act but not defined herein shall have the 
same meanings, as assigned to them in the Factories Act, 1934 (XXV of 1934) and 
Punjab Shops and Establishments Ordinance, 1969 (VIII of 1969). 
 
 
 
3. Establishment of Minimum Wages Board. (1) As soon as may be 
after the commencement of this Act, the Government shall establish a Minimum 
Wages Board consisting of the following members to be appointed by it, namely: 
(a) Chairman of the Board; 
(b) Director General Labour Welfare, Punjab; 
(c) Mines Labour Welfare Commissioner, Punjab; 
(d) Representative of Finance Department not below the rank of 
Deputy Secretary; 
(e) Representative of Industrie s, Commerce and Investment 
Department not below the rank of Deputy Secretary; 
(f) one independent member; 
(g) three members to represent the employers including one 
woman; and 
(h) three members to represent the workers including one woman. 
 (2) For the pur pose of performing the functions of the Board specified in 
Section 5, it shall co-opt the following two additional members as and when required: 
(i) one member to represent the employers connected with the 
industry concerned; and 
(ii) one member to represent the workers engaged in such industry. 
 (3) The Chairman and the independent member shall be appointed from 
persons with adequate knowledge of labour  issues and economic conditions in the 
Province, who are not connected with any industry or associated with any employers’ 
or workers’ organization. 
 (4) The members to represent the employers of the Province and the 
members to represent the workers of the  Province under subsection (1) shall be 
appointed after considering nominations, if any, of such organizations as 
Government considers most representative organizations of such employers and 
workers respectively.  
 (5) The members to represent the employer s connected with and the 
workers engaged in the industry concerned under subsection (2), shall be appointed 
after considering nominations, if any, of such organizations as Government 
considers most representative organizations of such employers and workers  
respectively. 
 (6) The term of office of the Chairman and the members, the manner of 
filling casual vacancies therein, the appointment of its committees, if any, the 
procedure and conducting of meetings of the Board and its committees and all 
matters conn ected therewith, including the fees and allowances to be paid for 
attending such meetings, and other expenses, including expenses for the services of 
experts and advisors obtained by the Board, shall be such as may be prescribed. 
 
 
 
4. Recommendation of minimum wages for unskilled adult and adolescent 
workers. (1) The Board shall, upon a reference made to it by the Government, 
recommend to the Government, after such enquiry as the Board thinks fit, the 
minimum rates of wages for unskilled adult and adolescen t workers employed in 
industrial and commercial establishments in the Province. 
 (2) In its recommendations under subsection (1), the Board shall indicate, 
whether the minimum rates of wages should be adopted uniformly throughout the 
Province or with such local variations for such localities as are specified therein. 
 
5. Recommendation of minimum rates of wages for workers with respect to 
particular industry or Establishment. (1) Where in respect of any particular 
industry industrial or commercial establis hment for which no adequate machinery 
exists for effective regulation of wages, the Government is of the opinion that, having 
regard to the wages of the workers employed in the industrial and commercial 
establishments engaged in such industry, industrial o r commercial establishment, it 
is expedient to fix the minimum rates of wages of such workers, it may direct the 
Board to recommend, after such enquiry as the Board may deem fit, the minimum 
rates of wages either for all such workers or for such of them as  are specified in the 
direction. 
 (2) In pursuance of a direction under subsection (1), the Board may, 
recommend minimum rates of wages for all classes of workers, in any category or 
grade and, in such recommendation, may specify: 
(a) the minimum rates of wages for- 
 (i) time work; and  
 (ii) piece work; 
(b) the minimum rates for workers employed on piece work so as to 
guarantee minimum wages on a time basis for such workers. 
 (3) The time rates recommended by the Board may be on hourly, daily, 
weekly or monthly basis. 
 
6. Power to declare minimum rates of wages. (1) Upon receipt of a 
recommendation of the Board under sections 4 and 5, the Government may: 
(a) by notification in the official Gazette, declare that the minimum 
rates of wages recommended by the  Board for various 
categories of workers shall, subject to such exceptions as may 
be specified in the notification, be the minimum rates of wage, 
for such workers; and 
(b) if it considers that the recommendation is not in any respect, 
equitable to the empl oyers or the workers, within thirty days of 
such receipt, refer it back to the Board for reconsideration with 
such comments thereon and giving such information relating 
thereto as the Government may deem fit to make or give. 
 (2) Where a recommendation is referred back to the Board under clause 
(b) of subsection (1), the Board shall reconsider it after taking into account the 
 
 
comments made and information given by the Government and if necessary, shall 
hold further enquiry and shall submit to the Government: 
(a) a revised recommendation; and  
(b) if it considers that no revision or change in the recommendation 
is called for, make report to that effect stating reasons therefor. 
 (3) Upon receipt of the recommendation of the Board under subsection (2), 
the Government may by notification in the official Gazette declare that the minimum 
rates of wages recommended under that subsection by the Board for various 
workers shall subject to such modifications and exceptions as may be specified in 
the notification, be the minimum rates of wages for such workers. 
 (4) Unless any date is specified for the purpose in the notification under 
subsection (1) or subsection (3), the declaration thereunder shall take effect on the 
date of publication of such notification. 
 (5) Where after the publication of a notification under subsection (1) or 
subsection (3) or after the minimum rates of wages declared thereunder have taken 
effect, it comes to the notice of the Government that there is a mistake in the 
minimum rates of wages so de clared, or that any such rate is inequitable to the 
employers or the workers, it may refer the matter to the Board and any such 
reference shall be deemed to be a reference under subsection (2). 
 (6) The minimum rates of wages declared under this section sh all be final 
and shall not in any manner be questioned by any person in any Court or before any 
competent authority. 
 
7. Periodical review of minimum rates of wages. (1) The Board may review 
its recommendations, if any change in the economic conditions and cost of living and 
other relevant factors so demand, and recommend to the Government any 
amendment, modification or revision of the minimum rates of wages declared under 
section 6: 
 Provided that no recommendation shall be reviewed earlier than one year 
from the date on which it was made, unless the special circumstances of a case so 
require: 
 Provided further that notwithstanding provisions of subsection (1), such 
recommendations shall be reviewed not later than three years in any case. 
 (2) Review and recommendation under this section shall be deemed to be 
an enquiry and recommendation under section 4 or as the case may be under 
Section 5, and, so far as may be, the provisions of this Act shall, to such review and 
recommendation, apply accordingly. 
8. Powers of Board to collect information . (1) The Board, or the Chairman 
may, as the case may be, for the purpose of an enquiry under the Act or the rules 
made thereunder, direct any employer to furnish such records, documents or 
information and do such other  acts as the Board, or the Chairman may, as the case 
may be, require, and every such employer shall comply with such direction. 
 
 
 (2) The Chairman and such members, officers and servants thereof as are 
authorized in this behalf by the Chairman, may, for the  discharge of any function 
under this Act or the rules, made thereunder: 
(a) enter, at all reasonable times, any industrial or commercial 
establishment; 
(b) inspect any book, register and other documents relating to such 
industrial or commercial establishment; and 
(c) record statements of persons connected with the working of such 
industrial or commercial establishment: 
 Provided that no one shall be required under this clause to answer any 
question tending to criminate himself. 
 (3) Any employer, who contr avenes the provisions of subsection (1), and 
any person who willfully obstructs anyone in the exercise of any power under 
subsection (2), or fails to produce on demand thereunder any book, register or other 
documents, shall be punishable with fine which ma y extend to twenty thousand 
rupees. 
 
9. Powers of the Board to collect evidence. The Board shall, while holding 
an enquiry under this Act or the rules, be deemed to be a Civil Court and shall have 
the same powers as are vested in such Courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 
1908 (Act V of 1908), in respect of the following matters, namely: 
(a) enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath; 
(b) compelling the production of documents and material objects; and 
(c) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses. 
 
10. Officers etc., deemed to be public servants. The Chairman, the members, 
the officers and servants thereof, shall all be deemed to be public servants within the 
meaning of section 21 of the Pakistan Penal Code 1860 (XLV of 1860). 
 
11. Prohibition to pay wages at a rate below the minimum rates of wages . 
(1) Subject to such deductions as may be authorized under this Act or under any 
other law for the time being in force, no employer shall pay any worker including 
unskilled worker, the wages at a rate lower than the rate declared under this Act to 
be the minimum rate of wages for such worker. 
 (2) Nothing in subsection (1) shall be deemed to: 
(a) require or authorize an employer to reduce the rate of wages of 
any worker; or 
(b) affect, in any way, the right of a worker to continue to receive 
wages at a rat e higher than the minimum rate declared under 
this Act if, under any agreement, contract or award, or as a 
customary differential, or otherwise, he is entitled to receive 
wages at such higher rate, or to continue to enjoy such 
amenities and other advantage s as are customary for such 
worker to enjoy; and 
 
 
(c) affect the provisions of the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (IV of 
1936). 
 (3) Any employer who contravenes the provisions of this section shall be 
punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to  six months or with fine 
which may extend to twenty five thousand rupees but shall not be less than five 
thousand rupees or with both, in addition to payment of sum not less than the 
difference in wages actually paid to the worker and the amount which woul d have 
been paid to him had there been no such contravention. 
 
12. Claims arising out of wages paid lower than the minimum wages and 
penalty for malicious or vexatious claims . (1) The Authority shall hear and 
decided all claims arising out of payment of wages lower than the minimum wages to 
a worker including unskilled worker in that area, whose minimum rates of wages 
have been declared under the provisions of this Act. 
 (2) Where contrary to the provisions of this Act, wages of any worker 
including unskil led worker have been paid lower than the minimum wages, such 
worker himself or through any other person or any legal practitioner or any office 
bearer of a registered trade union duly authorized in writing to act on his behalf, or 
any Inspector under this Act after prior approval of Director Labour Welfare to whom 
he is subordinate, may within six months from the day on which such payment was 
to be made, apply to the Authority having jurisdiction, for an order directing the 
payment to him of such wage differential: 
 Provided that any such application may be admitted after the said period of 
six months but not later than one year from the date on which the payment was to be 
made, if the applicant satisfies the Authority that he had sufficient cause for not 
making the application within such period. 
 (3) When any application under subsection (2) is entertained, the Authority 
shall hear the applicant and the employer or other person responsible for the 
payment of wages alleged to have been less paid or give them  an opportunity of 
being heard and after such further inquiry, if any, as may be necessary may, without 
prejudice to any other penalty to which such employer or other person may be liable 
under section 11 or any other law for the time being in force direct  the employer or 
such other person to make payment to the applicant of the wage differential which 
have been withheld, delayed or not paid, together with such penalty, not exceeding 
ten thousand rupees, as the authority may fix: 
 Provided that no direction  for the payment of a penalty shall be made in the 
case of delayed or less payment of wages, if the Authority is satisfied that the delay 
was due to: 
(a) A bona fide error or bona fide dispute as to the amount payable 
to the worker; 
(b) The occurrence of any emergency or the existence of such 
exceptional circumstances that the person responsible for the 
payment of the wages was unable to make prompt payment; 
and 
(c) The fault of the worker. 
 
 
(4) If the Authority hearing any application under this section is satisfi ed 
that no amount to be paid as wages is due from the employer or other person 
responsible for the payment of wages to the applicant, it shall reject the application; 
and if the application, in the opinion of the Authority, is malicious or vexatious, the 
authority when rejecting it, may direct the applicant to pay a penalty not exceeding 
one thousand rupees to the employer or other person responsible for the payment of 
wages. 
(5) Any amount directed to be paid under this section may be recovered: 
(a) if the authority is a Magistrate, by the authority as if it were a fine 
imposed by him as Magistrate, and 
(b) if the authority is not a Magistrate, by the authority as an arrear 
of land-revenue, or in the prescribed manner, by the authority by 
distress and sale of the moveable property belonging to the 
person by whom the amount is to be recovered, or by 
attachment and sale of the immoveable property belonging to 
such person. 
 
13. Appeal. (1) An appeal against a direction or order passed under subsection 
(3) or s ubsection (4) of Section 12 may be referred to the Labour Court established 
under the Punjab Industrial Relation Act, 2010 ( XIX of 2010) within thirty days of the 
date on which the direction was made or order was passed: 
(a) by the employer or other person  responsible for the payment of 
wages, if the amount directed to be paid as wages exceeds 
twenty thousand rupees: 
 provided that no appeal under this clause shall lie unless the 
memorandum of appeal is accompanied by a certificate of the 
authority to the effect that the appellant has deposited with the 
authority the amount payable under the direction appealed 
against; 
(b) by a worker, if the total amount of wages claimed to have been 
withheld from him exceeds rupees five thousand; and  
(c) by the person directed under subsection (4) of section 12 to pay 
a penalty. 
 (2) If there is no appeal, the direction or order of the Authority made under 
subsection (3) or subsection (4) of Section 12 and where there is an appeal as 
provided in subsection (1), the decisi on in appeal, shall be final and shall not in any 
manner be questioned by any person in any court or before any authority. 
 
14. Powers of the Authority. Every Authority appointed under subsection (1) of 
Section 12 shall, for the purposes of determining an y matter referred to in subsection 
(3) or subsection (4) of Section 12: 
(a) have all the powers of a Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 
1908 ( V of 1908 ), for the purposes of enforcing the attendance of 
witnesses, compelling the production of do cuments, and the taking of 
evidence; and 
 
 
(b) be deemed to be a Civil Court for all the purposes of section 195 and 
Chapter XXXV of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (V of 1898). 
 
15. Inspector. (1) The Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, 
appoint such persons as it thinks fit to be Inspectors for the purposes of this Act 
within such local limits and class of industrial or commercial establishments as it may 
assign to them in this respect. 
 (2) The Inspector appointed under subsecti on (1) shall be deemed to be a 
public servant within the meaning of Pakistan Penal Code 1860 ( XLV of 1860 ) and 
shall be officially subordinate to such Authority as the Government may specify in 
this behalf. 
 
16. Powers of Inspector. Subject to any rules m ade by the Government in this 
behalf, an Inspector may, within the local limits for which he is appointed: 
(a) enter, with such assistants, if any, being persons in the service of the 
state or of any municipal or other public authority, as he thinks fit, a ny 
place which is, or which he has reason to believe to be, used as an 
industrial or commercial establishment; 
(b) make such examination of the premises and of any prescribed 
registers, and take on the spot or otherwise such evidence of any 
persons as he m ay deem necessary for carrying out the purposes of 
this Act; and 
(c) exercise such other powers as may be necessary for carrying out the 
purposes of this Act: 
 Provided that no one shall be required under this section to answer any 
question or give any evidence tending to criminate himself. 
 
17. Indemnity. No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against 
any person for anything which is done or intended to be done in good faith under the 
Act. 
 
18. Cognizance of offences . (1) No prosecutio n under this Act shall be 
instituted except by or with the previous sanction of Inspector. 
 (2) No Court inferior to that of a Magistrate First Class shall take 
cognizance of an offence punishable under the Act or the rules made thereunder. 
 
19. Penalty. Whoever: 
(i) willfully obstructs an Inspector in the exercise of any powers under this 
Act and the rules made thereunder, or fails to produce on demand by 
an Inspector any register or other document in his custody, or conceals 
or prevents any worker in an industrial or commercial establishment 
from appearing before or being examined by an Inspector, shall be 
punishable with a fine which may extend to twenty thousand rupees but 
shall not be less than five thousand rupees; 
 
 
(ii) contravenes any other section o f this Act, for which a specific penalty 
has not been prescribed, shall be punishable with a fine which may 
extend to twenty thousand rupees but shall not be less than five 
thousand rupees; and 
(iii) after having been convicted previously under this Act sh all on 
subsequent offence under this Act, be punishable with simple 
imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months but shall not 
be less than seven days or with a fine which may extend to fifty 
thousand rupees but not less than twenty thousand rupe es or with 
both. 
 
20. Removal of difficulties . If any difficulty arises, in giving effect to any 
provisions of this Act, the Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, 
make such order, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, as may  appear to it 
to be necessary for the purpose of removing the difficulty within a period of two years 
from the commencement of the Act. 
 
21. Protection against discrimination. No discrimination shall be made on the 
basis of religion, sex, political affiliation, sect, colour, caste, creed, ethnic background 
in considering and disposing of issue relating to the enforcement of this Act. 
 
22. Power to make rules . (1) Subject to the  provisions of the Act, the 
Government may make rules to carry out the purposes of the Act. 
 (2) Rules made under this section may provide that any contravention 
thereof shall be punishable with fine not exceeding ten thousand rupees. 
 
23. Repeal and Savings. (1) The Minimum Wages Ordinance, 1961 ( XXXIX of 
1961), the West Pakistan Minimum Wages for Unskilled Workers Ordinance, 1969 
(XX of 1969), the Employees Cost of Living Allowance (Relief) Act, 1973 ( I of 1974), 
the Punjab Employees Special Allowan ce (Payment) Act, 1988 ( II of 1989 ) are 
hereby repealed. 
 (2) Notwithstanding the repeal of Acts and Ordinances under subsection 
(1), hereinafter referred to as the repealed Acts and Ordinances: 
(a) anything done, action taken, rules made, and notification  or 
order issued under the repealed Acts and Ordinances, shall, so 
far as it is not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, be 
deemed to have been done, taken, made or issued, appointed, 
constituted, given, commenced or taken, under this Act, and 
shall have effect accordingly; and 
(b) any reference to the repealed Acts and Ordinances, shall be 
construed as reference to the corresponding provisions of this 
Act.